fix(k8s): retry the startup exec until the kubelet accepts it (#1337)

A new node can run pods before its kubelet has a serving certificate, so the first exec into the job container fails with `error dialing backend: remote error: tls: internal error` and the job fails during setup.

That exec only reads the arch and PATH, so it now retries for up to a minute unless the API server rejects it (4xx) or the command ran.

Reviewed-on: https://gitea.com/gitea/runner/pulls/1337
Reviewed-by: bircni <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Lunny Xiao <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Zettat123 <[email protected]>

.gitea/workflows/release-nightly.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ on:
 
 env:
   DOCKER_ORG: gitea
-  DOCKER_LATEST: nightly
 
 jobs:
   goreleaser:

.gitea/workflows/release-tag.yml

@@ -69,7 +69,6 @@ jobs:
       image: catthehacker/ubuntu:act-latest
     env:
       DOCKER_ORG: gitea
-      DOCKER_LATEST: latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7

.golangci.yml

@@ -44,8 +44,6 @@ linters:
             - $all
             - "!**/act/common/logging/**"
           deny:
-            - pkg: github.com/sirupsen/logrus
-              desc: log through gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging
             - pkg: log/slog
               desc: log through gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging
     nolintlint:

.goreleaser.yaml

@@ -28,38 +28,18 @@ builds:
   ignore:
     - goos: darwin
       goarch: arm
-    - goos: darwin
-      goarch: ppc64le
     - goos: darwin
       goarch: s390x
-    - goos: windows
-      goarch: ppc64le
     - goos: windows
       goarch: s390x
     - goos: windows
       goarch: arm
-      goarm: "5"
-    - goos: windows
-      goarch: arm
-      goarm: "6"
-    - goos: windows
-      goarch: arm
-      goarm: "7"
     - goos: windows
       goarch: arm64
-    - goos: freebsd
-      goarch: ppc64le
     - goos: freebsd
       goarch: s390x
     - goos: freebsd
       goarch: arm
-      goarm: "5"
-    - goos: freebsd
-      goarch: arm
-      goarm: "6"
-    - goos: freebsd
-      goarch: arm
-      goarm: "7"
     - goos: freebsd
       goarch: arm64
   flags:

DEVELOPMENT.md

@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ depending on the prefix:
 - **No prefix?** Do not escape, and split multi-line values into one row each.
 - **Interpolating a secret?** Masking runs after escaping, so `AppendSecretMasker` registers the
   encoded forms too.
-- Command *properties* also escape `%3A` and `%2C`, which the UI never decodes, so the reporter
+- Command *properties* also escape `%3A` and `%2C`, which the UI never decodes, so the command
-  decodes exactly those two when folding a location into an annotation.
+  handler folds an annotation's location into its decoded message and escapes the result again.
 
 ## Logging
 
-Log through `act/common/logging`; the linter rejects importing `log/slog` or logrus elsewhere.
+Log through `act/common/logging`; the linter rejects importing `log/slog` elsewhere.
 A job's logger comes from `common.Logger(ctx)`; code with no job uses the package functions
 (`logging.Infof`, `logging.With`). Both take printf-style messages, and `With("key", value)` adds
 fields.
@@ -43,11 +43,8 @@ fields.
 - The job logger's output can reach the job log workflow authors see, the process-wide logger's
   stays on the runner host, so keep operator-only detail (host paths, internal addresses) off the
   job logger.
-- Libraries that log through logrus's or slog's global logger are forwarded to the process-wide
+- Libraries that log through slog's global logger are forwarded to the process-wide one, so they
-  one, so they follow its level and masking too.
+  follow its level and masking too. Avoid dependencies that log through logrus, nothing forwards it.
-- That forwarding only works while logrus's global logger is left as `logging` configures it. A
-  dependency that calls `logrus.SetOutput` or `SetLevel` breaks it, so check
-  `logging.LogrusBridgeIntact()` when adding or upgrading one.
 - Tests read what was logged with `logtest.NewLogger()`, or `logtest.SetDefault(t)` for the
   package functions.
 

Dockerfile

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ### BUILDER STAGE
 #
 #
-FROM golang:1.27-alpine3.23 AS builder
+FROM golang:1.27-alpine AS builder
 
 # Do not remove `git` here, it is required for getting runner version when executing `make build`
 RUN apk add --no-cache make git
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ RUN make clean && make build
 ### DIND VARIANT
 #
 #
-FROM docker:29.7.2-dind AS dind
+FROM docker:29.9.1-dind AS dind
 
 ARG VERSION=dev
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ ENTRYPOINT ["s6-svscan","/etc/s6"]
 ### DIND-ROOTLESS VARIANT
 #
 #
-FROM docker:29.7.2-dind-rootless AS dind-rootless
+FROM docker:29.9.1-dind-rootless AS dind-rootless
 
 ARG VERSION=dev
 

Makefile

@@ -1,28 +1,19 @@
 DIST := dist
 EXECUTABLE := gitea-runner
-DIST_DIRS := $(DIST)/binaries $(DIST)/release
 GO ?= go
-SHASUM ?= shasum -a 256
 HAS_GO = $(shell hash $(GO) > /dev/null 2>&1 && echo "GO" || echo "NOGO" )
-XGO_PACKAGE ?= src.techknowlogick.com/[email protected] # renovate: datasource=go
-XGO_VERSION := go-1.27.x
-GXZ_PACKAGE ?= github.com/ulikunitz/xz/cmd/[email protected] # renovate: datasource=go
 
-PODMAN_TEST_IMAGE ?= quay.io/containers/podman:v5.8.4-immutable@sha256:90405e3c6a86f33c5a6f8dbdfa8e02a98143a8ba4337b84bdaec5336d2ef008a # renovate: datasource=docker
+PODMAN_TEST_IMAGE ?= quay.io/containers/podman:v5.8.9-immutable@sha256:87f42f37fa85b421664c30b8f5f9cfc23920057f5e5fcadf0b6f68d9edc6d415 # renovate: datasource=docker
 E2E_JOB_IMAGE ?= docker.gitea.com/runner-images:ubuntu-latest@sha256:0e62e56b382ebf485bff1e51a05cbe27c708545a2e91425467fd31eb3e249521 # renovate: datasource=docker
-SERVICE_IMAGE ?= nginx:1.31.4-alpine@sha256:db35bfc6b2951e7f8a72db5db120288c127ffaeeb4a6d4b95a26fead017d5913 # renovate: datasource=docker
+SERVICE_IMAGE ?= nginx:1.31.7-alpine@sha256:892bb2152464f0c5d8972593a5f5afaf8054552580b699d95f8ff4af08c2d33d # renovate: datasource=docker
 E2E_GITEA_IMAGE ?= gitea/gitea:main-nightly
-E2E_K3S_IMAGE ?= rancher/k3s:v1.36.4-k3s1@sha256:edad48e12bf81c3a09ac1c05c0c0ffaaa22145980b989d6fae84543a76b83657 # renovate: datasource=docker
+E2E_K3S_IMAGE ?= rancher/k3s:v1.37.1-k3s1@sha256:ca7f37d993d82ef0dcdcfecb2e0e2618ea541dbaffc620c8cedebe01a82acd0d # renovate: datasource=docker
 
-LINUX_ARCHS ?= linux/amd64,linux/arm64
-DARWIN_ARCHS ?= darwin-12/amd64,darwin-12/arm64
-WINDOWS_ARCHS ?= windows/amd64
 GOFILES := $(shell find . -type f -name "*.go" -o -name "go.mod" ! -name "generated.*")
 
 DOCKER_IMAGE ?= gitea/runner
 DOCKER_TAG ?= nightly
 DOCKER_REF := $(DOCKER_IMAGE):$(DOCKER_TAG)
-DOCKER_ROOTLESS_REF := $(DOCKER_IMAGE):$(DOCKER_TAG)-dind-rootless
 
 GOLANGCI_LINT_PACKAGE ?= github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/[email protected] # renovate: datasource=go
 GOVULNCHECK_PACKAGE ?= golang.org/x/vuln/cmd/[email protected] # renovate: datasource=go
@@ -38,22 +29,16 @@ endif
 ifeq ($(HAS_GO), GO)
 	GOPATH ?= $(shell $(GO) env GOPATH)
 	export PATH := $(GOPATH)/bin:$(PATH)
-
-	CGO_EXTRA_CFLAGS := -DSQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER=32766
-	CGO_CFLAGS ?= $(shell $(GO) env CGO_CFLAGS) $(CGO_EXTRA_CFLAGS)
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(OS), Windows_NT)
 	GOFLAGS := -v -buildmode=exe
-	EXECUTABLE ?= $(EXECUTABLE).exe
 	GO_ENV_WINDOWS := set GOOS=windows&&
 else ifeq ($(OS), Windows)
 	GOFLAGS := -v -buildmode=exe
-	EXECUTABLE ?= $(EXECUTABLE).exe
 	GO_ENV_WINDOWS := set GOOS=windows&&
 else
 	GOFLAGS := -v
-	EXECUTABLE ?= $(EXECUTABLE)
 	GO_ENV_WINDOWS := GOOS=windows
 endif
 
@@ -108,8 +93,6 @@ fmt-check: ## check the Go code formatting
 .PHONY: deps-tools
 deps-tools: ## install tool dependencies
 	$(GO) install $(GOLANGCI_LINT_PACKAGE) & \
-	$(GO) install $(GXZ_PACKAGE) & \
-	$(GO) install $(XGO_PACKAGE) & \
 	$(GO) install $(GOVULNCHECK_PACKAGE) & \
 	wait
 
@@ -187,45 +170,6 @@ $(EXECUTABLE): $(GOFILES)
 deps-backend: ## install backend dependencies
 	$(GO) mod download
 
-.PHONY: release
-release: release-windows release-linux release-darwin release-copy release-compress release-check ## build release artifacts
-
-$(DIST_DIRS):
-	mkdir -p $(DIST_DIRS)
-
-.PHONY: release-windows
-release-windows: | $(DIST_DIRS)
-	CGO_CFLAGS="$(CGO_CFLAGS)" $(GO) run $(XGO_PACKAGE) -go $(XGO_VERSION) -buildmode exe -dest $(DIST)/binaries -tags 'netgo osusergo $(TAGS)' -ldflags '-s -w -linkmode external -extldflags "-static" $(LDFLAGS)' -targets '$(WINDOWS_ARCHS)' -out $(EXECUTABLE)-$(VERSION) .
-ifeq ($(CI),true)
-	cp -r /build/* $(DIST)/binaries/
-endif
-
-.PHONY: release-linux
-release-linux: | $(DIST_DIRS)
-	CGO_CFLAGS="$(CGO_CFLAGS)" $(GO) run $(XGO_PACKAGE) -go $(XGO_VERSION) -dest $(DIST)/binaries -tags 'netgo osusergo $(TAGS)' -ldflags '-s -w -linkmode external -extldflags "-static" $(LDFLAGS)' -targets '$(LINUX_ARCHS)' -out $(EXECUTABLE)-$(VERSION) .
-ifeq ($(CI),true)
-	cp -r /build/* $(DIST)/binaries/
-endif
-
-.PHONY: release-darwin
-release-darwin: | $(DIST_DIRS)
-	CGO_CFLAGS="$(CGO_CFLAGS)" $(GO) run $(XGO_PACKAGE) -go $(XGO_VERSION) -dest $(DIST)/binaries -tags 'netgo osusergo $(TAGS)' -ldflags '-s -w $(LDFLAGS)' -targets '$(DARWIN_ARCHS)' -out $(EXECUTABLE)-$(VERSION) .
-ifeq ($(CI),true)
-	cp -r /build/* $(DIST)/binaries/
-endif
-
-.PHONY: release-copy
-release-copy: | $(DIST_DIRS)
-	cd $(DIST); for file in `find . -type f -name "*"`; do cp $${file} ./release/; done;
-
-.PHONY: release-check
-release-check: | $(DIST_DIRS)
-	cd $(DIST)/release/; for file in `find . -type f -name "*"`; do echo "checksumming $${file}" && $(SHASUM) `echo $${file} | sed 's/^..//'` > $${file}.sha256; done;
-
-.PHONY: release-compress
-release-compress: | $(DIST_DIRS)
-	cd $(DIST)/release/; for file in `find . -type f -name "*"`; do echo "compressing $${file}" && $(GO) run $(GXZ_PACKAGE) -k -9 $${file}; done;
-
 .PHONY: docker
 docker: ## build the docker image
 	if ! docker buildx version >/dev/null 2>&1; then \

README.md

@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ A job's `services` are started before its steps run. When a service's image or i
 ```yaml
 services:
   postgres:
-    image: postgres:17
+    image: postgres:18
     options: >-
       --health-cmd pg_isready
       --health-interval 5s

act/artifactcache/handler.go

@@ -32,9 +32,8 @@ import (
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/pkg/disk"
 
-	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
-	"github.com/timshannon/bolthold"
 	"go.etcd.io/bbolt"
+	berrors "go.etcd.io/bbolt/errors"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -45,6 +44,8 @@ const (
 	// Short enough that a leaked URL is near-worthless; long enough to let the
 	// @actions/cache client download a big blob that was returned from /cache.
 	artifactURLTTL = 10 * time.Minute
+
+	dbOpenTimeout = 5 * time.Second
 )
 
 type credKey struct{}
@@ -80,12 +81,14 @@ type Handler struct {
 	dir      string
 	storage  cacheStorage
 	s3       *s3Storage
-	router   *httprouter.Router
 	listener net.Listener
 	port     int
 	server   *http.Server
 	logger   *logging.Logger
 
+	dbLock  chan struct{} // queues store openers without polling bolt's file lock
+	entries cacheEntries  // guarded by dbLock
+
 	gcing atomic.Bool
 	gcAt  time.Time
 
@@ -143,6 +146,7 @@ func StartHandler(opts Options) (*Handler, error) {
 		internalSecret: opts.InternalSecret,
 		policy:         opts.Policy.withDefaults(),
 		freeDisk:       disk.FreeBytes,
+		dbLock:         make(chan struct{}, 1),
 	}
 
 	if logger == nil {
@@ -195,30 +199,26 @@ func StartHandler(opts Options) (*Handler, error) {
 		h.storage = h.s3
 	}
 
-	secret, err := loadOrCreateSecret(dir)
+	if h.secret, err = loadOrCreateSecret(dir); err != nil {
-	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	h.secret = secret
 
-	router := httprouter.New()
+	router := http.NewServeMux()
-	router.GET(apiPath+"/cache", h.bearerAuth(h.find))
+	router.HandleFunc("GET "+apiPath+"/cache", h.bearerAuth(h.find))
-	router.POST(apiPath+"/caches", h.bearerAuth(h.reserve))
+	router.HandleFunc("POST "+apiPath+"/caches", h.bearerAuth(h.reserve))
-	router.PATCH(apiPath+"/caches/:id", h.bearerAuth(h.upload))
+	router.HandleFunc("PATCH "+apiPath+"/caches/{id}", h.bearerAuth(h.upload))
-	router.POST(apiPath+"/caches/:id", h.bearerAuth(h.commit))
+	router.HandleFunc("POST "+apiPath+"/caches/{id}", h.bearerAuth(h.commit))
-	router.POST(apiPath+"/clean", h.bearerAuth(h.clean))
+	router.HandleFunc("POST "+apiPath+"/clean", h.bearerAuth(h.clean))
 	// Artifact GET is signed via query-string HMAC because @actions/cache
 	// does not attach Authorization when downloading archiveLocation.
-	router.GET(apiPath+"/artifacts/:id", h.signedAuth("", h.get))
+	router.HandleFunc("GET "+apiPath+"/artifacts/{id}", h.signedAuth("", h.get))
 	// Control-plane: a remote runner registers/revokes per-job tokens so the
 	// cache API can authenticate them. Always wired so the routes exist; the
 	// handlers themselves 401 when internalSecret is unset.
-	router.POST(internalPath+"/register", h.internalAuth(h.internalRegister))
+	router.HandleFunc("POST "+internalPath+"/register", h.internalAuth(h.internalRegister))
-	router.POST(internalPath+"/revoke", h.internalAuth(h.internalRevoke))
+	router.HandleFunc("POST "+internalPath+"/revoke", h.internalAuth(h.internalRevoke))
 	h.registerV2Routes(router)
-	router.NotFound = http.HandlerFunc(h.forwardOrNotFound)
+	router.HandleFunc(artifactServicePath, h.forwardOrNotFound)
-
-	h.router = router
 
 	h.gcCache()
 
@@ -328,16 +328,7 @@ func (h *Handler) RegisterJob(token string, cred JobCredential) func() {
 		}
 	}
 	h.credMu.Unlock()
-	return func() {
+	return func() { h.RevokeJob(token) }
-		h.credMu.Lock()
-		if entry, ok := h.creds[token]; ok {
-			entry.refs--
-			if entry.refs <= 0 {
-				delete(h.creds, token)
-			}
-		}
-		h.credMu.Unlock()
-	}
 }
 
 // RevokeJob explicitly revokes one registration of token, mirroring one call
@@ -400,10 +391,7 @@ func (h *Handler) Close() error {
 	}
 	var retErr error
 	if h.server != nil {
-		err := h.server.Close()
+		retErr = h.server.Close()
-		if err != nil {
-			retErr = err
-		}
 		h.server = nil
 	}
 	if h.listener != nil {
@@ -419,16 +407,170 @@ func (h *Handler) Close() error {
 	return retErr
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) openDB() (*bolthold.Store, error) {
+// cacheBucket holds each entry as JSON under its decimal ID, the layout bolthold wrote, so older stores stay readable.
-	return bolthold.Open(filepath.Join(h.dir, "bolt.db"), 0o644, &bolthold.Options{
+var cacheBucket = []byte("Cache")
-		Encoder: func(value any) ([]byte, error) { return json.Marshal(value) },
+
-		Decoder: func(data []byte, value any) error { return json.Unmarshal(data, value) },
+var errCacheNotFound = errors.New("cache not found")
-		Options: &bbolt.Options{
+
-			Timeout:      5 * time.Second,
+type cacheDB struct {
-			NoGrowSync:   bbolt.DefaultOptions.NoGrowSync,
+	bolt    *bbolt.DB
-			FreelistType: bbolt.DefaultOptions.FreelistType,
+	close   func() error
-		},
+	entries *cacheEntries
+}
+
+// cacheEntries mirrors the bucket as of transaction tx, so queries decode it again only after another process wrote.
+type cacheEntries struct {
+	tx   int
+	byID map[uint64]*Cache
+}
+
+func (db *cacheDB) Close() error {
+	return db.close()
+}
+
+func cacheKey(id uint64) []byte {
+	return strconv.AppendUint(nil, id, 10)
+}
+
+func (db *cacheDB) get(id uint64) (*Cache, error) {
+	if err := db.bolt.View(db.load); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	cache, ok := db.entries.byID[id]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errCacheNotFound
+	}
+	copied := *cache
+	return &copied, nil
+}
+
+// find returns copies of the matching entries in ID order, so ties break the same way every time.
+func (db *cacheDB) find(match func(*Cache) bool) ([]*Cache, error) {
+	if err := db.bolt.View(db.load); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var caches []*Cache
+	for _, cache := range db.entries.byID {
+		if match(cache) {
+			copied := *cache
+			caches = append(caches, &copied)
+		}
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(caches, func(left, right *Cache) int { return cmp.Compare(left.ID, right.ID) })
+	return caches, nil
+}
+
+func (db *cacheDB) load(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	if db.entries.byID != nil && db.entries.tx == tx.ID() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	byID := make(map[uint64]*Cache)
+	if bucket := tx.Bucket(cacheBucket); bucket != nil {
+		if err := bucket.ForEach(func(key, data []byte) (err error) {
+			cache := &Cache{}
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(data, cache); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			cache.ID, err = strconv.ParseUint(string(key), 10, 64) // an interrupted legacy insert left "id":0 in the value
+			byID[cache.ID] = cache
+			return err
+		}); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	db.entries.byID, db.entries.tx = byID, tx.ID()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// update keeps the mirror in step with its own write, and drops it when another process wrote in between or the write rolled back.
+func (db *cacheDB) update(fn func(*bbolt.Bucket) error) error {
+	err := db.bolt.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+		if db.entries.tx != tx.ID()-1 {
+			db.entries.byID = nil
+		}
+		db.entries.tx = tx.ID()
+		bucket, err := tx.CreateBucketIfNotExists(cacheBucket)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return fn(bucket)
 	})
+	if err != nil {
+		db.entries.byID = nil
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func (db *cacheDB) put(bucket *bbolt.Bucket, cache *Cache) error {
+	data, err := json.Marshal(cache)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if db.entries.byID != nil {
+		copied := *cache
+		db.entries.byID[cache.ID] = &copied
+	}
+	return bucket.Put(cacheKey(cache.ID), data)
+}
+
+func (db *cacheDB) delete(bucket *bbolt.Bucket, id uint64) error {
+	delete(db.entries.byID, id)
+	return bucket.Delete(cacheKey(id))
+}
+
+// dropLegacyIndexes deletes the index buckets bolthold kept, all created together and never recreated, checking first so later runs do not write.
+func (db *cacheDB) dropLegacyIndexes() error {
+	var found bool
+	_ = db.bolt.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+		found = tx.Bucket([]byte("_index:Cache:Key")) != nil
+		return nil
+	})
+	if !found {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return db.bolt.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+		for _, field := range []string{"Repo", "Key", "Version", "Complete", "UsedAt", "CreatedAt"} {
+			if err := tx.DeleteBucket([]byte("_index:Cache:" + field)); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, berrors.ErrBucketNotFound) {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+// save rewrites a stored entry, failing once a sweep has removed it so a late commit cannot resurrect it.
+func (db *cacheDB) save(cache *Cache) error {
+	return db.update(func(bucket *bbolt.Bucket) error {
+		if bucket.Get(cacheKey(cache.ID)) == nil {
+			return errCacheNotFound
+		}
+		return db.put(bucket, cache)
+	})
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) openDB() (store *cacheDB, err error) {
+	select {
+	case h.dbLock <- struct{}{}:
+	case <-time.After(dbOpenTimeout):
+		return nil, berrors.ErrTimeout
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if store == nil { // only an opened store hands the lock to Close, even when Open panics
+			<-h.dbLock
+		}
+	}()
+	db, err := bbolt.Open(filepath.Join(h.dir, "bolt.db"), 0o644, &bbolt.Options{
+		Timeout:      dbOpenTimeout,
+		NoGrowSync:   bbolt.DefaultOptions.NoGrowSync,
+		FreelistType: bbolt.DefaultOptions.FreelistType,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &cacheDB{bolt: db, entries: &h.entries, close: sync.OnceValue(func() error {
+		defer func() { <-h.dbLock }()
+		return db.Close()
+	})}, nil
 }
 
 // syncMetadata mirrors the bucket into the store until ctx ends, so no request waits on S3 for it.
@@ -453,7 +595,7 @@ func (h *Handler) importMetadata(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	local := h.caches(db, bolthold.Where("Complete").Eq(true).Index("Complete"))
+	local := h.caches(db, func(cache *Cache) bool { return cache.Complete })
 	db.Close()
 
 	published, err := h.s3.published(ctx)
@@ -481,15 +623,15 @@ func (h *Handler) importMetadata(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer db.Close()
-	return db.Bolt().Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	return db.update(func(bucket *bbolt.Bucket) error {
 		for _, cache := range added {
-			if err := db.TxUpsert(tx, cache.ID, cache); err != nil {
+			if err := db.put(bucket, cache); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
 		for _, cache := range gone {
 			_ = h.s3.Storage.Remove(cache.ID) // a blob kept on disk before the runner used S3
-			if err := db.TxDelete(tx, cache.ID, cache); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, bolthold.ErrNotFound) {
+			if err := db.delete(bucket, cache.ID); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
@@ -498,7 +640,7 @@ func (h *Handler) importMetadata(ctx context.Context) error {
 }
 
 // GET /_apis/artifactcache/cache
-func (h *Handler) find(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) find(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
 	keys := strings.Split(r.URL.Query().Get("keys"), ",")
 	version := r.URL.Query().Get("version")
@@ -529,7 +671,7 @@ func (h *Handler) find(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Para
 // lookupCache returns the entry to restore for these keys, or (nil, nil) when there is none:
 // either nothing matched, or the match had lost its blob to a prune, in which case the dangling
 // entry is dropped on the way out.
-func (h *Handler) lookupCache(db *bolthold.Store, repo string, keys []string, version string) (*Cache, error) {
+func (h *Handler) lookupCache(db *cacheDB, repo string, keys []string, version string) (*Cache, error) {
 	cache, err := findCache(db, repo, keys, version)
 	if err != nil || cache == nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -549,7 +691,7 @@ func (h *Handler) lookupCache(db *bolthold.Store, repo string, keys []string, ve
 }
 
 // POST /_apis/artifactcache/caches
-func (h *Handler) reserve(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) reserve(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
 	api := &Request{}
 	if err := json.UnmarshalRead(r.Body, api); err != nil {
@@ -581,23 +723,23 @@ func (h *Handler) reserve(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.P
 }
 
 // PATCH /_apis/artifactcache/caches/:id
-func (h *Handler) upload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) upload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
-	id, err := strconv.ParseInt(params.ByName("id"), 10, 64)
+	id, err := strconv.ParseInt(r.PathValue("id"), 10, 64)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, err)
 		return
 	}
 
-	cache := &Cache{}
 	db, err := h.openDB()
 	if err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, 500, err)
 		return
 	}
 	defer db.Close()
-	if err := db.Get(id, cache); err != nil {
+	cache, err := db.get(uint64(id))
-		if errors.Is(err, bolthold.ErrNotFound) {
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, errCacheNotFound) {
 			h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, fmt.Errorf("cache %d: not reserved", id))
 			return
 		}
@@ -615,7 +757,7 @@ func (h *Handler) upload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprout
 		return
 	}
 	db.Close()
-	start, _, err := parseContentRange(r.Header.Get("Content-Range"))
+	start, err := parseContentRange(r.Header.Get("Content-Range"))
 	if err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, err)
 		return
@@ -629,23 +771,23 @@ func (h *Handler) upload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprout
 }
 
 // POST /_apis/artifactcache/caches/:id
-func (h *Handler) commit(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) commit(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
-	id, err := strconv.ParseInt(params.ByName("id"), 10, 64)
+	id, err := strconv.ParseInt(r.PathValue("id"), 10, 64)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, err)
 		return
 	}
 
-	cache := &Cache{}
 	db, err := h.openDB()
 	if err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, 500, err)
 		return
 	}
 	defer db.Close()
-	if err := db.Get(id, cache); err != nil {
+	cache, err := db.get(uint64(id))
-		if errors.Is(err, bolthold.ErrNotFound) {
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, errCacheNotFound) {
 			h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, fmt.Errorf("cache %d: not reserved", id))
 			return
 		}
@@ -697,7 +839,7 @@ func (h *Handler) commitCache(cache *Cache) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer db.Close()
-	if err := db.Update(cache.ID, cache); err != nil {
+	if err := db.save(cache); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if h.s3 != nil {
@@ -716,8 +858,8 @@ func (h *Handler) commitCache(cache *Cache) error {
 // @actions/cache toolkit downloads archiveLocation without Authorization.
 // Repository scoping is already enforced at find() time; the signature binds
 // the URL to the specific cache ID and an expiry.
-func (h *Handler) get(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) get(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	id, err := strconv.ParseInt(params.ByName("id"), 10, 64)
+	id, err := strconv.ParseInt(r.PathValue("id"), 10, 64)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, err)
 		return
@@ -727,7 +869,7 @@ func (h *Handler) get(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.
 }
 
 // POST /_apis/artifactcache/clean
-func (h *Handler) clean(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) clean(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// TODO: don't support force deleting cache entries
 	// see: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/caching-dependencies-to-speed-up-workflows#force-deleting-cache-entries
 
@@ -737,8 +879,8 @@ func (h *Handler) clean(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Par
 // bearerAuth resolves ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN against the set of currently
 // registered jobs. A match attaches the job's JobCredential to the request
 // context; a miss returns 401 before the handler body runs.
-func (h *Handler) bearerAuth(handler httprouter.Handle) httprouter.Handle {
+func (h *Handler) bearerAuth(handler http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
-	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		h.logger.Debugf("%s %s", r.Method, r.URL.Path)
 		token := bearerToken(r)
 		if token == "" {
@@ -751,7 +893,7 @@ func (h *Handler) bearerAuth(handler httprouter.Handle) httprouter.Handle {
 			return
 		}
 		ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), credKey{}, cred)
-		handler(w, r.WithContext(ctx), params)
+		handler(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
 		go h.gcCache()
 	}
 }
@@ -766,10 +908,10 @@ func (h *Handler) unauthorized(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, err error
 
 // signedAuth authenticates a signed URL. purpose separates the flavours of URL the
 // handler hands out, so one cannot be replayed as another; see computeSignature.
-func (h *Handler) signedAuth(purpose string, handler httprouter.Handle) httprouter.Handle {
+func (h *Handler) signedAuth(purpose string, handler http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
-	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		h.logger.Debugf("%s %s", r.Method, r.URL.Path)
-		id, err := strconv.ParseInt(params.ByName("id"), 10, 64)
+		id, err := strconv.ParseInt(r.PathValue("id"), 10, 64)
 		if err != nil {
 			h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, err)
 			return
@@ -794,7 +936,7 @@ func (h *Handler) signedAuth(purpose string, handler httprouter.Handle) httprout
 			h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("bad signature"))
 			return
 		}
-		handler(w, r, params)
+		handler(w, r)
 		go h.gcCache()
 	}
 }
@@ -803,8 +945,8 @@ func (h *Handler) signedAuth(purpose string, handler httprouter.Handle) httprout
 // constant-time-equal the configured internalSecret. If the secret is empty,
 // the control-plane is disabled and every request gets 404 — which matches
 // the upstream nektos/act behavior of "the route does not exist".
-func (h *Handler) internalAuth(handler httprouter.Handle) httprouter.Handle {
+func (h *Handler) internalAuth(handler http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
-	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if h.internalSecret == "" {
 			http.NotFound(w, r)
 			return
@@ -814,7 +956,7 @@ func (h *Handler) internalAuth(handler httprouter.Handle) httprouter.Handle {
 			h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("internal: bad secret"))
 			return
 		}
-		handler(w, r, params)
+		handler(w, r)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -837,7 +979,7 @@ func (h *Handler) ResultsURL(cred JobCredential) string {
 	return h.baseURL(cred)
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) internalRegister(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) internalRegister(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	var body internalRegisterBody
 	if err := json.UnmarshalRead(r.Body, &body); err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest, err)
@@ -852,7 +994,7 @@ func (h *Handler) internalRegister(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ htt
 }
 
 // POST /_internal/revoke
-func (h *Handler) internalRevoke(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) internalRevoke(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	var body internalRevokeBody
 	if err := json.UnmarshalRead(r.Body, &body); err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest, err)
@@ -882,10 +1024,8 @@ func bearerToken(r *http.Request) string {
 }
 
 func credFromContext(ctx context.Context) JobCredential {
-	if cred, ok := ctx.Value(credKey{}).(JobCredential); ok {
+	cred, _ := ctx.Value(credKey{}).(JobCredential)
-		return cred
+	return cred
-	}
-	return JobCredential{}
 }
 
 // computeSignature signs a URL for one cache entry and expiry. purpose is mixed into the
@@ -911,8 +1051,7 @@ func (h *Handler) signedArtifactURL(cred JobCredential, cacheID uint64, exp time
 }
 
 // if not found, return (nil, nil) instead of an error.
-func findCache(db *bolthold.Store, repo string, keys []string, version string) (*Cache, error) {
+func findCache(db *cacheDB, repo string, keys []string, version string) (*Cache, error) {
-	cache := &Cache{}
 	for _, prefix := range keys {
 		// if a key in the list matches exactly, don't return partial matches
 		exact, err := findExactCache(db, repo, prefix, version, true)
@@ -922,22 +1061,26 @@ func findCache(db *bolthold.Store, repo string, keys []string, version string) (
 		if exact != nil {
 			return exact, nil
 		}
-		if err := db.FindOne(cache,
+		caches, err := db.find(func(cache *Cache) bool {
-			bolthold.Where("Repo").Eq(repo).Index("Repo").
+			return cache.Repo == repo && strings.HasPrefix(cache.Key, prefix) && cache.Version == version && cache.Complete
-				And("Key").MatchFunc(func(key string) (bool, error) { return strings.HasPrefix(key, prefix), nil }).
+		})
-				And("Version").Eq(version).
+		if err != nil {
-				And("Complete").Eq(true).
-				SortBy("CreatedAt").Reverse()); err != nil {
-			if errors.Is(err, bolthold.ErrNotFound) {
-				continue
-			}
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("find cache: %w", err)
 		}
-		return cache, nil
+		if cache := latest(caches, func(cache *Cache) int64 { return cache.CreatedAt }); cache != nil {
+			return cache, nil
+		}
 	}
 	return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 }
 
+func latest(caches []*Cache, stamp func(*Cache) int64) *Cache {
+	if len(caches) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return slices.MaxFunc(caches, func(left, right *Cache) int { return cmp.Compare(stamp(left), stamp(right)) })
+}
+
 // findExactCache returns the entry for exactly this key and version, or (nil, nil) if there is
 // none. Unlike findCache it never falls back to a prefix (restore-key) match, which is what both
 // its callers need: a new key that is only a prefix of an existing key is not the same entry.
@@ -945,43 +1088,33 @@ func findCache(db *bolthold.Store, repo string, keys []string, version string) (
 // A completed entry is the one to restore, sorted by when it was written. An incomplete one is a
 // reservation being uploaded to, sorted by when it was last written to, because the upload route
 // touches UsedAt on every part.
-func findExactCache(db *bolthold.Store, repo, key, version string, complete bool) (*Cache, error) {
+func findExactCache(db *cacheDB, repo, key, version string, complete bool) (*Cache, error) {
-	sortBy := "UsedAt"
+	caches, err := db.find(func(cache *Cache) bool {
-	if complete {
+		return cache.Key == key && cache.Repo == repo && cache.Version == version && cache.Complete == complete
-		sortBy = "CreatedAt"
+	})
-	}
-	cache := &Cache{}
-	err := db.FindOne(cache,
-		bolthold.Where("Key").Eq(key).Index("Key").
-			And("Repo").Eq(repo).
-			And("Version").Eq(version).
-			And("Complete").Eq(complete).
-			SortBy(sortBy).Reverse())
-	if errors.Is(err, bolthold.ErrNotFound) {
-		return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // absence is not an error here
-	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("find cache: %w", err)
 	}
-	return cache, nil
+	stamp := func(cache *Cache) int64 { return cache.UsedAt }
+	if complete {
+		stamp = func(cache *Cache) int64 { return cache.CreatedAt }
+	}
+	return latest(caches, stamp), nil
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) insertCache(db *bolthold.Store, cache *Cache) error {
+func (h *Handler) insertCache(db *cacheDB, cache *Cache) error {
-	if h.s3 != nil {
+	return db.update(func(bucket *bbolt.Bucket) (err error) {
-		var id [8]byte
+		if h.s3 != nil {
-		_, _ = rand.Read(id[:])
+			var id [8]byte
-		cache.ID = binary.BigEndian.Uint64(id[:]) >> 11 // IDs must be unique across runners, and v1 clients parse an ID as a JS number
+			_, _ = rand.Read(id[:])
-		return db.Insert(cache.ID, cache)
+			cache.ID = binary.BigEndian.Uint64(id[:]) >> 11 // IDs must be unique across runners, and v1 clients parse an ID as a JS number
-	}
+		} else if cache.ID, err = bucket.NextSequence(); err != nil {
-	return db.Bolt().Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
-		if err := db.TxInsert(tx, bolthold.NextSequence(), cache); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("insert cache: %w", err)
 		}
-		// write back id to db
+		if bucket.Get(cacheKey(cache.ID)) != nil {
-		if err := db.TxUpdate(tx, cache.ID, cache); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("insert cache: id %d is taken", cache.ID)
-			return fmt.Errorf("write back id to db: %w", err)
 		}
-		return nil
+		return db.put(bucket, cache)
 	})
 }
 
@@ -997,11 +1130,11 @@ func (h *Handler) touchCache(id uint64, requireIncomplete bool) error {
 	}
 	defer db.Close()
 
-	cache := &Cache{}
+	cache, err := db.get(id)
-	if err := db.Get(id, cache); err != nil {
+	if errors.Is(err, errCacheNotFound) {
-		if errors.Is(err, bolthold.ErrNotFound) {
+		return nil
-			return nil
+	}
-		}
+	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if requireIncomplete && cache.Complete {
@@ -1011,7 +1144,7 @@ func (h *Handler) touchCache(id uint64, requireIncomplete bool) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 	cache.UsedAt = time.Now().Unix()
-	return db.Update(cache.ID, cache)
+	return db.save(cache)
 }
 
 const (
@@ -1057,9 +1190,6 @@ func (p Policy) withDefaults() Policy {
 }
 
 func (h *Handler) gcCache() {
-	if h.gcing.Load() {
-		return
-	}
 	if !h.gcing.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
 		return
 	}
@@ -1078,6 +1208,9 @@ func (h *Handler) gcCache() {
 	}
 	defer db.Close()
 
+	if err := db.dropLegacyIndexes(); err != nil {
+		h.logger.Warnf("drop legacy indexes: %v", err)
+	}
 	h.evictIncomplete(db)
 	if h.s3 != nil {
 		return // lifecycle rules on the bucket expire its entries
@@ -1090,7 +1223,7 @@ func (h *Handler) gcCache() {
 
 // evictForFreeSpace bounds the volume itself, so it also covers bytes the cache never
 // accounted for.
-func (h *Handler) evictForFreeSpace(db *bolthold.Store) {
+func (h *Handler) evictForFreeSpace(db *cacheDB) {
 	free, err := h.freeDisk(h.dir)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.logger.Debugf("free disk check: %v", err) // unsupported platform, treat as unavailable rather than full
@@ -1110,38 +1243,31 @@ func (h *Handler) evictForFreeSpace(db *bolthold.Store) {
 }
 
 // evictIncomplete removes uploads that stopped part way, which are most likely broken.
-func (h *Handler) evictIncomplete(db *bolthold.Store) {
+func (h *Handler) evictIncomplete(db *cacheDB) {
-	h.sweep(db, bolthold.
+	stalled := time.Now().Add(-uploadStallTimeout).Unix()
-		Where("UsedAt").Lt(time.Now().Add(-uploadStallTimeout).Unix()).
+	h.sweep(db, func(cache *Cache) bool { return cache.UsedAt < stalled && !cache.Complete })
-		And("Complete").Eq(false).
-		Index("UsedAt"))
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) evictExpired(db *bolthold.Store) {
+func (h *Handler) evictExpired(db *cacheDB) {
 	if h.policy.Retention <= 0 {
 		return
 	}
 	// Never below inUseGrace, or a short retention would outrun a signed URL already issued.
-	window := max(h.policy.Retention+touchStale, inUseGrace)
+	expired := time.Now().Add(-max(h.policy.Retention+touchStale, inUseGrace)).Unix()
-	h.sweep(db, bolthold.Where("UsedAt").Lt(time.Now().Add(-window).Unix()).Index("UsedAt"))
+	h.sweep(db, func(cache *Cache) bool { return cache.UsedAt < expired })
 }
 
 // evictSuperseded removes entries a newer one with the same key and version replaced. The
-// aggregation includes Repo so two repos sharing a (key, version) do not evict each other.
+// grouping includes Repo so two repos sharing a (key, version) do not evict each other.
-func (h *Handler) evictSuperseded(db *bolthold.Store) {
+func (h *Handler) evictSuperseded(db *cacheDB) {
-	results, err := db.FindAggregate(&Cache{}, bolthold.Where("Complete").Eq(true).Index("Complete"), "Repo", "Key", "Version")
+	type entry struct{ repo, key, version string }
-	if err != nil {
+	groups := make(map[entry][]*Cache)
-		h.logger.Warnf("find aggregate caches: %v", err)
+	for _, cache := range h.caches(db, func(cache *Cache) bool { return cache.Complete }) {
-		return
+		group := entry{cache.Repo, cache.Key, cache.Version}
+		groups[group] = append(groups[group], cache)
 	}
-	var caches []*Cache
+	for _, caches := range groups {
-	for _, result := range results {
+		slices.SortFunc(caches, func(left, right *Cache) int { return cmp.Compare(left.CreatedAt, right.CreatedAt) })
-		if result.Count() <= 1 {
-			continue
-		}
-		result.Sort("CreatedAt")
-		caches = caches[:0]
-		result.Reduction(&caches)
 		for _, cache := range caches[:len(caches)-1] {
 			if inUse(cache) {
 				continue
@@ -1153,7 +1279,7 @@ func (h *Handler) evictSuperseded(db *bolthold.Store) {
 
 // evictOversized applies the per-repository limit, then the whole-store one. Only completed
 // entries count, since only those carry a size measured at commit rather than claimed.
-func (h *Handler) evictOversized(db *bolthold.Store) {
+func (h *Handler) evictOversized(db *cacheDB) {
 	if h.policy.RepoSizeLimit > 0 {
 		byRepo := make(map[string][]*Cache)
 		for _, cache := range h.completedByUse(db) {
@@ -1168,7 +1294,7 @@ func (h *Handler) evictOversized(db *bolthold.Store) {
 
 // evictTotal caps the store as a whole. It re-queries because the per-repo pass may have
 // deleted rows an earlier result still holds.
-func (h *Handler) evictTotal(db *bolthold.Store) {
+func (h *Handler) evictTotal(db *cacheDB) {
 	if h.policy.SizeLimit <= 0 {
 		return
 	}
@@ -1176,15 +1302,15 @@ func (h *Handler) evictTotal(db *bolthold.Store) {
 }
 
 // evictRepo reclaims space when a commit pushes a repo over, rather than at the next sweep.
-func (h *Handler) evictRepo(db *bolthold.Store, repo string) {
+func (h *Handler) evictRepo(db *cacheDB, repo string) {
 	if h.policy.RepoSizeLimit <= 0 {
 		return
 	}
-	h.evictTo(db, h.cachesByUse(db, bolthold.Where("Repo").Eq(repo).And("Complete").Eq(true).Index("Repo")), h.policy.RepoSizeLimit, "repository "+repo)
+	h.evictTo(db, h.cachesByUse(db, func(cache *Cache) bool { return cache.Repo == repo && cache.Complete }), h.policy.RepoSizeLimit, "repository "+repo)
 }
 
 // evictTo deletes until caches fit limit. caches must be ordered by UsedAt ascending.
-func (h *Handler) evictTo(db *bolthold.Store, caches []*Cache, limit int64, scope string) {
+func (h *Handler) evictTo(db *cacheDB, caches []*Cache, limit int64, scope string) {
 	// An entry bigger than the limit never fits, so it goes on its own account instead of
 	// dragging every neighbour out first and then following them next sweep.
 	fits := caches[:0]
@@ -1231,41 +1357,39 @@ func touchNeeded(cache *Cache) bool {
 // touch stamps UsedAt through the caller's store, a bolt write on the read path. It cannot
 // go through touchCache, which opens its own store and would block on the exclusive lock
 // for as long as the caller holds one.
-func (h *Handler) touch(db *bolthold.Store, cache *Cache) {
+func (h *Handler) touch(db *cacheDB, cache *Cache) {
 	if !touchNeeded(cache) {
 		return
 	}
 	cache.UsedAt = time.Now().Unix()
-	if err := db.Update(cache.ID, cache); err != nil {
+	if err := db.save(cache); err != nil {
 		h.logger.Warnf("touch cache: %v", err)
 	}
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) sweep(db *bolthold.Store, query *bolthold.Query) {
+func (h *Handler) sweep(db *cacheDB, match func(*Cache) bool) {
-	for _, cache := range h.caches(db, query) {
+	for _, cache := range h.caches(db, match) {
 		h.deleteCache(db, cache)
 	}
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) caches(db *bolthold.Store, query *bolthold.Query) []*Cache {
+func (h *Handler) caches(db *cacheDB, match func(*Cache) bool) []*Cache {
-	var caches []*Cache
+	caches, err := db.find(match)
-	if err := db.Find(&caches, query); err != nil {
+	if err != nil {
 		h.logger.Warnf("find caches: %v", err)
 	}
 	return caches
 }
 
-// cachesByUse returns matches least recently accessed first, sorting here rather than with
+func (h *Handler) cachesByUse(db *cacheDB, match func(*Cache) bool) []*Cache {
-// bolthold's SortBy, which reflects over every field it compares.
+	caches := h.caches(db, match)
-func (h *Handler) cachesByUse(db *bolthold.Store, query *bolthold.Query) []*Cache {
-	caches := h.caches(db, query)
 	slices.SortFunc(caches, func(a, b *Cache) int { return cmp.Compare(a.UsedAt, b.UsedAt) })
 	return caches
 }
 
 // completedByUse returns every entry the size limits count, least recently accessed first.
-func (h *Handler) completedByUse(db *bolthold.Store) []*Cache {
+func (h *Handler) completedByUse(db *cacheDB) []*Cache {
-	return h.cachesByUse(db, bolthold.Where("Complete").Eq(true).Index("Complete"))
+	return h.cachesByUse(db, func(cache *Cache) bool { return cache.Complete })
 }
 
 func totalSize(caches []*Cache) int64 {
@@ -1278,7 +1402,7 @@ func totalSize(caches []*Cache) int64 {
 
 // deleteCache drops an entry and its bytes, reporting whether it went fully. The blob goes
 // first, so a failed unlink leaves the row for the next sweep instead of orphaning bytes.
-func (h *Handler) deleteCache(db *bolthold.Store, cache *Cache) bool {
+func (h *Handler) deleteCache(db *cacheDB, cache *Cache) bool {
 	storage := h.storage
 	if h.s3 != nil && !cache.Complete {
 		storage = h.s3.Storage // an upload not yet committed has nothing in the bucket
@@ -1287,7 +1411,7 @@ func (h *Handler) deleteCache(db *bolthold.Store, cache *Cache) bool {
 		h.logger.Warnf("remove cache blob: %v", err)
 		return false
 	}
-	if err := db.Delete(cache.ID, cache); err != nil {
+	if err := db.update(func(bucket *bbolt.Bucket) error { return db.delete(bucket, cache.ID) }); err != nil {
 		h.logger.Warnf("delete cache: %v", err)
 		return false
 	}
@@ -1312,18 +1436,17 @@ func (h *Handler) responseJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, code int,
 	_, _ = w.Write(data)
 }
 
-func parseContentRange(s string) (int64, int64, error) {
+func parseContentRange(s string) (int64, error) {
 	// support the format like "bytes 11-22/*" only
 	s, _, _ = strings.Cut(strings.TrimPrefix(s, "bytes "), "/")
 	s1, s2, _ := strings.Cut(s, "-")
 
 	start, err := strconv.ParseInt(s1, 10, 64)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("parse %q: %w", s, err)
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("parse %q: %w", s, err)
 	}
-	stop, err := strconv.ParseInt(s2, 10, 64)
+	if _, err := strconv.ParseInt(s2, 10, 64); err != nil {
-	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("parse %q: %w", s, err)
-		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("parse %q: %w", s, err)
 	}
-	return start, stop, nil
+	return start, nil
 }

act/artifactcache/handler_v2.go

@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
-
-	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
 )
 
 // The cache service v2 API. A client on this version talks twirp to
@@ -44,16 +42,16 @@ const (
 	twirpUnauthenticated = "unauthenticated"
 )
 
-func (h *Handler) registerV2Routes(router *httprouter.Router) {
+func (h *Handler) registerV2Routes(router *http.ServeMux) {
-	router.POST(cacheServiceV2Path+"/CreateCacheEntry", h.bearerAuth(h.v2CreateCacheEntry))
+	router.HandleFunc("POST "+cacheServiceV2Path+"/CreateCacheEntry", h.bearerAuth(h.v2CreateCacheEntry))
-	router.POST(cacheServiceV2Path+"/FinalizeCacheEntryUpload", h.bearerAuth(h.v2FinalizeCacheEntryUpload))
+	router.HandleFunc("POST "+cacheServiceV2Path+"/FinalizeCacheEntryUpload", h.bearerAuth(h.v2FinalizeCacheEntryUpload))
-	router.POST(cacheServiceV2Path+"/GetCacheEntryDownloadURL", h.bearerAuth(h.v2GetCacheEntryDownloadURL))
+	router.HandleFunc("POST "+cacheServiceV2Path+"/GetCacheEntryDownloadURL", h.bearerAuth(h.v2GetCacheEntryDownloadURL))
-	router.PUT(blobPath+"/:id", h.signedAuth(blobUploadPurpose, h.v2UploadBlob))
+	router.HandleFunc("PUT "+blobPath+"/{id}", h.signedAuth(blobUploadPurpose, h.v2UploadBlob))
 }
 
 // An entry that already exists is reported as not ok, which is how the client learns to skip
 // the upload.
-func (h *Handler) v2CreateCacheEntry(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) v2CreateCacheEntry(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
 	req, err := decodeTwirpRequest[v2CreateRequest](r)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -123,7 +121,7 @@ func (h *Handler) v2CreateCacheEntry(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ h
 	})
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) v2FinalizeCacheEntryUpload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) v2FinalizeCacheEntryUpload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
 	req, err := decodeTwirpRequest[v2FinalizeRequest](r)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -172,7 +170,7 @@ func (h *Handler) v2FinalizeCacheEntryUpload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Requ
 	})
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) v2GetCacheEntryDownloadURL(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) v2GetCacheEntryDownloadURL(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
 	req, err := decodeTwirpRequest[v2DownloadRequest](r)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -207,8 +205,8 @@ func (h *Handler) v2GetCacheEntryDownloadURL(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Requ
 // The archive arrives over the subset of the Azure blob API the toolkit uses: a small
 // cache is a single PUT, a large one is staged as blocks that a final block list puts
 // in order.
-func (h *Handler) v2UploadBlob(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) v2UploadBlob(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	id, err := strconv.ParseUint(params.ByName("id"), 10, 64)
+	id, err := strconv.ParseUint(r.PathValue("id"), 10, 64)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest, err)
 		return

act/artifactcache/handler_v2_test.go

@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-// v2Call posts a twirp request to the cache service and returns the decoded response.
-// Field names are the proto ones, which is what the toolkit's client sends.
 func v2Call(t *testing.T, handler *Handler, client *http.Client, method string, request any) map[string]any {
 	t.Helper()
 
@@ -37,7 +35,6 @@ func v2Call(t *testing.T, handler *Handler, client *http.Client, method string,
 	return got
 }
 
-// putBlob uploads to a signed URL and returns the status, so a test can assert a refusal.
 func putBlob(t *testing.T, url string, content []byte) int {
 	t.Helper()
 
@@ -47,8 +44,6 @@ func putBlob(t *testing.T, url string, content []byte) int {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusCreated {
-		// The Azure SDK client dereferences this header without checking, so a blob upload that
-		// omits it panics the caller rather than failing it.
 		require.NotEmpty(t, resp.Header.Get("x-ms-request-id"))
 	}
 	return resp.StatusCode
@@ -67,8 +62,6 @@ func getURL(t *testing.T, url string) []byte {
 	return body
 }
 
-// saveV2 runs the reserve/upload/finalize sequence and returns the finalize response along
-// with the upload URL it used.
 func saveV2(t *testing.T, handler *Handler, key, version string, content []byte) (finalized map[string]any, uploadURL string) {
 	t.Helper()
 
@@ -84,9 +77,6 @@ func saveV2(t *testing.T, handler *Handler, key, version string, content []byte)
 	}), uploadURL
 }
 
-// The whole round trip an actions/cache v2 client makes, plus the guarantees on the signed
-// URLs it is handed: unsigned requests are refused, an upload URL cannot be replayed to read
-// or to replace a finalized entry.
 func TestCacheServiceV2RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 	handler := newTestHandler(t, Policy{})
 	content := []byte("the cached archive")
@@ -98,10 +88,8 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, true, finalized["ok"])
 	assert.NotEmpty(t, finalized["entry_id"])
 
-	// The upload URL outlives the finalize call, so replaying it must not poison the entry,
-	// and it is an upload URL only: nothing reads a blob back through it.
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, putBlob(t, uploadURL, []byte("poisoned")))
-	resp, err := http.Get(uploadURL) //nolint:noctx // the URL is the server under test
+	resp, err := http.Get(uploadURL)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, resp.StatusCode)
@@ -114,8 +102,6 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, content, getURL(t, downloadURL))
 }
 
-// A large archive is staged as blocks and only put in order by the final block list, so
-// blocks that arrive out of order must still be assembled the way the client asked.
 func TestCacheServiceV2BlockUpload(t *testing.T) {
 	handler := newTestHandler(t, Policy{})
 
@@ -130,7 +116,6 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2BlockUpload(t *testing.T) {
 		blocks[blockID] = []byte(part)
 		order = append(order, blockID)
 	}
-	// Upload in an order that is not the block list order.
 	for _, blockID := range []string{order[2], order[0], order[1]} {
 		require.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, putBlob(t, uploadURL+"&comp=block&blockid="+blockID, blocks[blockID]))
 	}
@@ -174,8 +159,6 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2Lookups(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, false, got["ok"])
 	})
 
-	// The toolkit serialises with the proto field names; the camelCase spellings of the same
-	// proto JSON mapping are accepted alongside them.
 	for _, field := range []string{"restore_keys", "restoreKeys"} {
 		t.Run("restore keys match by prefix, spelled "+field, func(t *testing.T) {
 			got := v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "GetCacheEntryDownloadURL", map[string]any{
@@ -191,9 +174,6 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2Lookups(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, false, again["ok"])
 	})
 
-	// A key that is only a prefix of an existing one is a different entry, so the
-	// reservation check must be exact and not a restore-key prefix match, or the shorter
-	// key would be reported as existing and silently never saved.
 	t.Run("a prefix of an existing key is still reserved", func(t *testing.T) {
 		reserved := v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "CreateCacheEntry", map[string]any{"key": "deps", "version": "v1"})
 		require.Equal(t, true, reserved["ok"])
@@ -219,7 +199,6 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2Lookups(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, false, got["ok"])
 	})
 
-	// The size the client declares is what Commit validates the assembled archive against.
 	t.Run("finalizing with the wrong size is not ok", func(t *testing.T) {
 		created := v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "CreateCacheEntry", map[string]any{"key": "wrong-size", "version": "v1"})
 		require.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, putBlob(t, created["signed_upload_url"].(string), []byte("four")))
@@ -230,8 +209,6 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2Lookups(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, false, got["ok"])
 	})
 
-	// Both API versions are served from one store, so an entry written through v2 is a hit for
-	// a v1 client asking for the same key and version.
 	t.Run("a v1 client sees an entry written through v2", func(t *testing.T) {
 		resp, err := testClient.Get(fmt.Sprintf("%s%s/cache?keys=deps-abc&version=v1", handler.ExternalURL(), apiPath))
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -244,7 +221,6 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2Lookups(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NotEmpty(t, got["archiveLocation"])
 	})
 
-	// The cache of one repository must stay invisible to another, as it does for the v1 API.
 	t.Run("another repository sees nothing", func(t *testing.T) {
 		handler.RegisterJob("other-runtime-token", JobCredential{Repo: "other/repo"})
 		otherClient := &http.Client{Transport: &bearerTransport{token: "other-runtime-token"}}
@@ -321,20 +297,12 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2ConcurrentSaveAndRetries(t *testing.T) {
 		"another job's upload is not this job's to finalize")
 
 	base := handler.ExternalURL() + apiPath
-	reserveV1, err := json.Marshal(&Request{Key: "v1-made", Version: "v1", Size: int64(len(content))})
+	madeByV1 := reserveCache(t, testClient, base, "v1-made", "v1", int64(len(content)))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	resp, err := testClient.Post(base+"/caches", "application/json", bytes.NewReader(reserveV1))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	var madeByV1 struct {
-		CacheID uint64 `json:"cacheId"`
-	}
-	require.NoError(t, json.UnmarshalRead(resp.Body, &madeByV1))
-	resp.Body.Close()
 	upload, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodPatch,
-		fmt.Sprintf("%s/caches/%d", base, madeByV1.CacheID), bytes.NewReader(content))
+		fmt.Sprintf("%s/caches/%d", base, madeByV1), bytes.NewReader(content))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	upload.Header.Set("Content-Range", fmt.Sprintf("bytes 0-%d/*", len(content)-1))
-	resp, err = testClient.Do(upload)
+	resp, err := testClient.Do(upload)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	resp.Body.Close()
 	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode)

act/artifactcache/model.go

@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ type Request struct {
 }
 
 type Cache struct {
-	ID        uint64 `json:"id" boltholdKey:"ID"`
+	ID        uint64 `json:"id"`
-	Repo      string `json:"repo" boltholdIndex:"Repo"`
+	Repo      string `json:"repo"`
-	Key       string `json:"key" boltholdIndex:"Key"`
+	Key       string `json:"key"`
-	Version   string `json:"version" boltholdIndex:"Version"`
+	Version   string `json:"version"`
 	Size      int64  `json:"cacheSize"`
 	Owner     string `json:"owner"` // hashed bearer, so a job's own retry is not another job's reservation
-	Complete  bool   `json:"complete" boltholdIndex:"Complete"`
+	Complete  bool   `json:"complete"`
-	UsedAt    int64  `json:"usedAt" boltholdIndex:"UsedAt"`
+	UsedAt    int64  `json:"usedAt"`
-	CreatedAt int64  `json:"createdAt" boltholdIndex:"CreatedAt"`
+	CreatedAt int64  `json:"createdAt"`
 }

act/artifactcache/results.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 package artifactcache
 
 import (
+	"cmp"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -74,14 +75,7 @@ func (h *Handler) forwardOrNotFound(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 // A protocol switch loses the bearer or the agent, and an untrusted instance needs skipped verification.
 func (h *Handler) mustProxy(r *http.Request, cred JobCredential, target *url.URL) bool {
-	if cred.InsecureTLS && target.Scheme == "https" {
+	return cred.InsecureTLS && target.Scheme == "https" || cmp.Or(r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-Proto"), "http") != target.Scheme
-		return true
-	}
-	scheme := r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-Proto")
-	if scheme == "" {
-		scheme = "http"
-	}
-	return scheme != target.Scheme
 }
 
 func mergeQuery(target, request string) string {

act/artifactcache/s3_storage.go

@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )
 
 // S3Options configures the bucket that stores completed cache entries.
@@ -47,7 +51,7 @@ type cacheStorage interface {
 	Remove(uint64) error
 }
 
-const s3PartSize = 5 << 30 // the largest part S3 accepts
+const s3PartSize = 64 << 20
 
 // s3Storage stages uploads on disk and keeps completed entries and their metadata in a bucket.
 type s3Storage struct {
@@ -69,6 +73,7 @@ func newS3Storage(staging *Storage, opts S3Options) (*s3Storage, error) {
 	}
 	transport, _ := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport)
 	transport = transport.Clone()
+	transport.MaxIdleConnsPerHost = 32            // 4 parts each for the 8 jobs a runner commonly runs
 	transport.ResponseHeaderTimeout = time.Minute // a stalled endpoint must not hold the store forever
 	pathStyle := !strings.HasSuffix(endpoint.Hostname(), ".amazonaws.com")
 	if opts.PathStyle != nil {
@@ -209,26 +214,43 @@ func (s *s3Storage) Commit(id uint64, size int64) (int64, error) {
 	return written, nil
 }
 
-// upload always goes in parts, the only way S3 takes an object over 5 GiB.
+func (s *s3Storage) upload(ctx context.Context, key string, file io.ReaderAt, size int64) (uploadErr error) {
-func (s *s3Storage) upload(ctx context.Context, key string, file io.ReaderAt, size int64) error {
+	if size <= s3PartSize {
+		_, err := s.call(ctx, http.MethodPut, key, nil, io.NewSectionReader(file, 0, size), nil)
+		return err
+	}
 	var created struct {
 		UploadID string `xml:"UploadId"`
 	}
 	if _, err := s.call(ctx, http.MethodPost, key, url.Values{"uploads": {""}}, nil, &created); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	defer func() {
+		if uploadErr != nil && created.UploadID != "" {
+			abortCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.WithoutCancel(ctx), time.Minute)
+			defer cancel()
+			_, _ = s.call(abortCtx, http.MethodDelete, key, url.Values{"uploadId": {created.UploadID}}, nil, nil)
+		}
+	}()
 	var completion struct {
 		XMLName xml.Name `xml:"CompleteMultipartUpload"`
 		Parts   []s3Part `xml:"Part"`
 	}
-	for offset := int64(0); offset == 0 || offset < size; offset += s3PartSize {
+	partSize := max(int64(s3PartSize), (size-1)/10000+1)
-		number, length := len(completion.Parts)+1, min(s3PartSize, size-offset)
+	completion.Parts = make([]s3Part, (size-1)/partSize+1)
-		query := url.Values{"partNumber": {strconv.Itoa(number)}, "uploadId": {created.UploadID}}
+	workers, workerCtx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
-		header, err := s.call(ctx, http.MethodPut, key, query, io.NewSectionReader(file, offset, length), nil)
+	workers.SetLimit(4)
-		if err != nil {
+	for part := range completion.Parts {
+		workers.Go(func() (err error) {
+			defer common.RecoverPanic(&err)
+			offset := int64(part) * partSize
+			header, err := s.call(workerCtx, http.MethodPut, key, url.Values{"partNumber": {strconv.Itoa(part + 1)}, "uploadId": {created.UploadID}}, io.NewSectionReader(file, offset, min(partSize, size-offset)), nil)
+			completion.Parts[part] = s3Part{part + 1, header.Get("ETag")}
 			return err
-		}
+		})
-		completion.Parts = append(completion.Parts, s3Part{number, header.Get("ETag")})
+	}
+	if err := workers.Wait(); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 	body, err := xml.Marshal(completion)
 	if err != nil {

act/artifactcache/s3_storage_test.go

@@ -4,21 +4,48 @@
 package artifactcache
 
 import (
+	"encoding/xml"
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/johannesboyne/gofakes3"
-	"github.com/johannesboyne/gofakes3/backend/s3mem"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func TestHandler_S3SharesEntriesAndDropsExpiredOnes(t *testing.T) {
-	backend := s3mem.New()
+	var objects sync.Map
-	require.NoError(t, backend.CreateBucket("cache"))
+	var uploads atomic.Int32
-	server := httptest.NewServer(gofakes3.New(backend).Server())
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		key := strings.TrimPrefix(request.URL.Path, "/cache/")
+		switch {
+		case request.Method == http.MethodPut:
+			if strings.Contains(key, "/blobs/") {
+				uploads.Add(1)
+			}
+			body, err := io.ReadAll(request.Body)
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			objects.Store(key, body)
+		case request.URL.Query().Has("list-type"):
+			_, _ = io.WriteString(writer, "<ListBucketResult>")
+			objects.Range(func(stored, _ any) bool {
+				_, _ = io.WriteString(writer, "<Contents><Key>"+stored.(string)+"</Key></Contents>")
+				return true
+			})
+			_, _ = io.WriteString(writer, "</ListBucketResult>")
+		default:
+			if body, ok := objects.Load(key); ok {
+				_, _ = writer.Write(body.([]byte))
+			} else {
+				writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+			}
+		}
+	}))
 	t.Cleanup(server.Close)
 	opts := Options{S3: &S3Options{Endpoint: server.URL, Bucket: "cache", Prefix: "runners", AccessKey: "key", SecretKey: "secret"}}
 	saver, restorer := startTestHandler(t, opts), startTestHandler(t, opts)
@@ -26,17 +53,62 @@ func TestHandler_S3SharesEntriesAndDropsExpiredOnes(t *testing.T) {
 
 	finalized, _ := saveV2(t, saver, "deps", "v1", []byte("archive"))
 	require.Equal(t, true, finalized["ok"])
+	assert.EqualValues(t, 1, uploads.Load())
 	require.NoError(t, restorer.importMetadata(t.Context()))
 	found := v2Call(t, restorer, testClient, "GetCacheEntryDownloadURL", entry)
 	require.Equal(t, true, found["ok"])
 	assert.Equal(t, []byte("archive"), getURL(t, found["signed_download_url"].(string)))
 
-	require.NoError(t, backend.ForceDeleteBucket("cache"))
+	objects.Clear()
-	require.NoError(t, backend.CreateBucket("cache"))
 	require.NoError(t, restorer.importMetadata(t.Context()))
 	assert.Equal(t, true, v2Call(t, restorer, testClient, "CreateCacheEntry", entry)["ok"])
 }
 
+type s3TestTransport func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+
+func (transport s3TestTransport) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return transport(req)
+}
+
+func TestS3StorageUploadsLargeObjectsInPartsAndAbortsOnFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, failingPart := range []string{"", "2"} {
+		var parts, aborts atomic.Int32
+		var completion struct {
+			Parts []s3Part `xml:"Part"`
+		}
+		storage := &s3Storage{bucketURL: httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://cache.local/bucket", nil).URL}
+		storage.client = &http.Client{Transport: s3TestTransport(func(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+			query, response := req.URL.Query(), &http.Response{StatusCode: http.StatusOK, Header: make(http.Header), Body: http.NoBody}
+			switch {
+			case query.Has("uploads"):
+				response.Body = io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("<InitiateMultipartUploadResult><UploadId>upload</UploadId></InitiateMultipartUploadResult>"))
+			case req.Method == http.MethodPut:
+				parts.Add(1)
+				response.Header.Set("ETag", "etag-"+query.Get("partNumber"))
+				if query.Get("partNumber") == failingPart {
+					response.StatusCode, response.Body = http.StatusBadRequest, io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("<Error><Code>InvalidPart</Code></Error>"))
+				}
+			case req.Method == http.MethodPost:
+				require.NoError(t, xml.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&completion))
+				response.Body = io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("<CompleteMultipartUploadResult/>"))
+			case req.Method == http.MethodDelete:
+				aborts.Add(1)
+			}
+			return response, nil
+		})}
+		err := storage.upload(t.Context(), "blobs/1", strings.NewReader(""), 2*int64(s3PartSize)+1)
+		assert.EqualValues(t, 3, parts.Load())
+		if failingPart == "" {
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, []s3Part{{1, "etag-1"}, {2, "etag-2"}, {3, "etag-3"}}, completion.Parts)
+			assert.Zero(t, aborts.Load())
+		} else {
+			require.ErrorContains(t, err, "InvalidPart")
+			assert.EqualValues(t, 1, aborts.Load())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestS3StorageSignsLikeAWS(t *testing.T) {
 	storage := &s3Storage{opts: S3Options{Region: "us-east-1", AccessKey: "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", SecretKey: "wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY"}}
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://examplebucket.s3.amazonaws.com/?max-keys=2&prefix=J", nil)

act/artifactcache/storage.go

@@ -32,13 +32,11 @@ func NewStorage(rootDir string) (*Storage, error) {
 }
 
 func (s *Storage) Exist(id uint64) (bool, error) {
-	name := s.filename(id)
+	_, err := os.Stat(s.filename(id))
-	if _, err := os.Stat(name); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
 		return false, nil
-	} else if err != nil {
-		return false, err
 	}
-	return true, nil
+	return err == nil, err
 }
 
 func (s *Storage) Write(id uint64, offset int64, reader io.Reader) error {
@@ -92,9 +90,7 @@ func (s *Storage) OrderBlocks(id uint64, blockIDs []string) error {
 }
 
 func (s *Storage) Commit(id uint64, size int64) (int64, error) {
-	defer func() {
+	defer func() { _ = os.RemoveAll(s.tempDir(id)) }()
-		_ = os.RemoveAll(s.tempDir(id))
-	}()
 
 	name := s.filename(id)
 	tempNames, err := s.tempNames(id)
@@ -153,8 +149,7 @@ func assemble(name string, tempNames []string) (int64, error) {
 }
 
 func (s *Storage) Serve(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id uint64) {
-	name := s.filename(id)
+	http.ServeFile(w, r, s.filename(id))
-	http.ServeFile(w, r, name)
 }
 
 // Remove deletes an entry's blob and any staged parts. It reports failure so the caller can

act/artifacts/server.go

@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
-
-	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
 )
 
 type FileContainerResourceURL struct {
@@ -67,25 +65,21 @@ func writeJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, value any) {
 	}
 }
 
-func uploads(router *httprouter.Router, baseDir string) {
+func uploads(router *http.ServeMux, baseDir string) {
-	router.POST("/_apis/pipelines/workflows/:runId/artifacts", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+	router.HandleFunc("POST /_apis/pipelines/workflows/{runId}/artifacts", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-		runID := params.ByName("runId")
-
 		writeJSON(w, FileContainerResourceURL{
-			FileContainerResourceURL: fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/upload/%s", req.Host, runID),
+			FileContainerResourceURL: fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/upload/%s", req.Host, req.PathValue("runId")),
 		})
 	})
 
-	router.PUT("/upload/:runId", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+	router.HandleFunc("PUT /upload/{runId}", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 		itemPath := req.URL.Query().Get("itemPath")
-		runID := params.ByName("runId")
 
 		if req.Header.Get("Content-Encoding") == "gzip" {
 			itemPath += gzipExtension
 		}
 
-		safeRunPath := safeResolve(baseDir, runID)
+		safePath := safeResolve(safeResolve(baseDir, req.PathValue("runId")), itemPath)
-		safePath := safeResolve(safeRunPath, itemPath)
 
 		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(safePath), os.ModePerm); err != nil {
 			panic(err)
@@ -114,20 +108,18 @@ func uploads(router *httprouter.Router, baseDir string) {
 		})
 	})
 
-	router.PATCH("/_apis/pipelines/workflows/:runId/artifacts", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+	router.HandleFunc("PATCH /_apis/pipelines/workflows/{runId}/artifacts", func(w http.ResponseWriter, _req *http.Request) {
 		writeJSON(w, ResponseMessage{
 			Message: "success",
 		})
 	})
 }
 
-func downloads(router *httprouter.Router, baseDir string) {
+func downloads(router *http.ServeMux, baseDir string) {
-	router.GET("/_apis/pipelines/workflows/:runId/artifacts", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+	router.HandleFunc("GET /_apis/pipelines/workflows/{runId}/artifacts", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-		runID := params.ByName("runId")
+		runID := req.PathValue("runId")
 
-		safePath := safeResolve(baseDir, runID)
+		entries, err := os.ReadDir(safeResolve(baseDir, runID))
-
-		entries, err := os.ReadDir(safePath)
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(err)
 		}
@@ -146,8 +138,8 @@ func downloads(router *httprouter.Router, baseDir string) {
 		})
 	})
 
-	router.GET("/download/:container", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+	router.HandleFunc("GET /download/{container}", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-		container := params.ByName("container")
+		container := req.PathValue("container")
 		itemPath := req.URL.Query().Get("itemPath")
 		safePath := safeResolve(baseDir, filepath.Join(container, itemPath))
 
@@ -161,15 +153,11 @@ func downloads(router *httprouter.Router, baseDir string) {
 
 				// if it was upload as gzip
 				rel = strings.TrimSuffix(rel, gzipExtension)
-				path := filepath.Join(itemPath, rel)
-
-				rel = filepath.ToSlash(rel)
-				path = filepath.ToSlash(path)
 
 				files = append(files, ContainerItem{
-					Path:            path,
+					Path:            filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(itemPath, rel)),
 					ItemType:        "file",
-					ContentLocation: fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/artifact/%s/%s/%s", req.Host, container, itemPath, rel),
+					ContentLocation: fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/artifact/%s/%s/%s", req.Host, container, itemPath, filepath.ToSlash(rel)),
 				})
 			}
 			return nil
@@ -183,10 +171,8 @@ func downloads(router *httprouter.Router, baseDir string) {
 		})
 	})
 
-	router.GET("/artifact/*path", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+	router.HandleFunc("GET /artifact/{path...}", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-		path := params.ByName("path")[1:]
+		safePath := safeResolve(baseDir, req.PathValue("path"))
-
-		safePath := safeResolve(baseDir, path)
 
 		file, err := os.Open(safePath)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -214,7 +200,7 @@ func Serve(ctx context.Context, artifactPath, addr, port string) context.CancelF
 		return cancel
 	}
 
-	router := httprouter.New()
+	router := http.NewServeMux()
 
 	logger.Debugf("Artifacts base path '%s'", artifactPath)
 	uploads(router, artifactPath)

act/artifacts/server_test.go

@@ -19,14 +19,13 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func TestArtifactFlow(t *testing.T) {
 	artifactPath := t.TempDir()
 
-	router := httprouter.New()
+	router := http.NewServeMux()
 	uploads(router, artifactPath)
 	downloads(router, artifactPath)
 	server := httptest.NewServer(router)

act/common/dryrun.go

@@ -14,13 +14,8 @@ const dryrunContextKeyVal = dryrunContextKey("dryrun")
 
 // Dryrun returns true if the current context is dryrun
 func Dryrun(ctx context.Context) bool {
-	val := ctx.Value(dryrunContextKeyVal)
+	dryrun, _ := ctx.Value(dryrunContextKeyVal).(bool)
-	if val != nil {
+	return dryrun
-		if dryrun, ok := val.(bool); ok {
-			return dryrun
-		}
-	}
-	return false
 }
 
 // WithDryrun adds a value to the context for dryrun

act/common/executor.go

@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@ type Conditional func(ctx context.Context) bool
 // NewInfoExecutor is an executor that logs messages
 func NewInfoExecutor(format string, args ...any) Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		logger := Logger(ctx)
+		Logger(ctx).Infof(format, args...)
-		logger.Infof(format, args...)
 		return nil
 	}
 }
@@ -30,8 +29,7 @@ func NewInfoExecutor(format string, args ...any) Executor {
 // NewDebugExecutor is an executor that logs messages
 func NewDebugExecutor(format string, args ...any) Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		logger := Logger(ctx)
+		Logger(ctx).Debugf(format, args...)
-		logger.Debugf(format, args...)
 		return nil
 	}
 }
@@ -39,9 +37,7 @@ func NewDebugExecutor(format string, args ...any) Executor {
 // NewPipelineExecutor creates a new executor from a series of other executors
 func NewPipelineExecutor(executors ...Executor) Executor {
 	if len(executors) == 0 {
-		return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return NewErrorExecutor(nil)
-			return nil
-		}
 	}
 	var rtn Executor
 	for _, executor := range executors {
@@ -61,6 +57,13 @@ func NewErrorExecutor(err error) Executor {
 	}
 }
 
+func RecoverPanic(err *error) { // defer directly in workers to keep stacks in host logs
+	if recovered := recover(); recovered != nil {
+		logging.Errorf("panic: %v\n%s", recovered, debug.Stack())
+		*err = fmt.Errorf("panic: %v", recovered)
+	}
+}
+
 // NewParallelExecutor creates a new executor from a parallel of other executors
 func NewParallelExecutor(parallel int, executors ...Executor) Executor {
 	if len(executors) == 0 {
@@ -80,8 +83,8 @@ func NewParallelExecutor(parallel int, executors ...Executor) Executor {
 
 		logging.Infof("NewParallelExecutor: Creating %d workers for %d executors", parallel, len(executors))
 
-		for i := 0; i < parallel; i++ {
+		for workerID := range parallel {
-			go func(workerID int, work <-chan Executor, errs chan<- error) {
+			go func() {
 				logging.Debugf("Worker %d started", workerID)
 				taskCount := 0
 				for executor := range work {
@@ -91,17 +94,12 @@ func NewParallelExecutor(parallel int, executors ...Executor) Executor {
 					// goroutine which would leave the runner process hung.
 					// https://gitea.com/gitea/runner/issues/371
 					errs <- func() (err error) {
-						defer func() {
+						defer RecoverPanic(&err)
-							if r := recover(); r != nil {
-								logging.Errorf("panic in executor: %v\n%s", r, debug.Stack())
-								err = fmt.Errorf("panic: %v", r)
-							}
-						}()
 						return executor(ctx)
 					}()
 				}
 				logging.Debugf("Worker %d finished (%d tasks executed)", workerID, taskCount)
-			}(i, work, errs)
+			}()
 		}
 
 		for i := range executors {
@@ -150,12 +148,7 @@ func (e Executor) If(conditional Conditional) Executor {
 
 // IfNot only runs this executor if conditional is true
 func (e Executor) IfNot(conditional Conditional) Executor {
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return e.If(func(ctx context.Context) bool { return !conditional(ctx) })
-		if !conditional(ctx) {
-			return e(ctx)
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
 }
 
 // IfBool only runs this executor if conditional is true

act/common/executor_test.go

@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ package common
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
-	"reflect"
-	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
@@ -18,42 +16,25 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestNewWorkflow(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := assert.New(t)
-
 	ctx := t.Context()
+	require.NoError(t, NewPipelineExecutor()(ctx))
+	require.EqualError(t, NewErrorExecutor(errors.New("test error"))(ctx), "test error")
 
-	// empty
-	emptyWorkflow := NewPipelineExecutor()
-	assert.NoError(emptyWorkflow(ctx)) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-
-	// error case
-	errorWorkflow := NewErrorExecutor(errors.New("test error"))
-	assert.Error(errorWorkflow(ctx)) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-
-	// multiple success case
 	runcount := 0
-	successWorkflow := NewPipelineExecutor(
+	increment := func(_ctx context.Context) error {
-		func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		runcount++
-			runcount++
+		return nil
-			return nil
+	}
-		},
+	require.NoError(t, NewPipelineExecutor(increment, increment)(ctx))
-		func(ctx context.Context) error {
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, runcount)
-			runcount++
-			return nil
-		})
-	assert.NoError(successWorkflow(ctx)) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-	assert.Equal(2, runcount)
 }
 
-// concurrencyProbe returns an executor recording the peak number of concurrent copies. Copies
-// block until wantActive are in flight so the peak is exact without sleeping, and later copies
-// find the gate already open so the last one still finishes with no partner left.
 func concurrencyProbe(wantActive int32) (exec Executor, count, maxActive *atomic.Int32) {
 	var counted, active, peak atomic.Int32
 	var once sync.Once
 	reached := make(chan struct{})
 
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return func(_ctx context.Context) error {
 		counted.Add(1)
 		running := active.Add(1)
 		for {
@@ -72,18 +53,14 @@ func concurrencyProbe(wantActive int32) (exec Executor, count, maxActive *atomic
 }
 
 func TestNewParallelExecutor(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := t.Context()
+	for name, parallel := range map[string]int{"parallel": 2, "below minimum": 0} {
-
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-	exec, count, maxActive := concurrencyProbe(2)
+			exec, count, maxActive := concurrencyProbe(int32(max(1, parallel)))
-	require.NoError(t, NewParallelExecutor(2, exec, exec, exec)(ctx))
+			require.NoError(t, NewParallelExecutor(parallel, exec, exec, exec)(t.Context()))
-	assert.Equal(t, int32(3), count.Load(), "should run all 3 executors")
+			assert.Equal(t, int32(3), count.Load())
-	assert.Equal(t, int32(2), maxActive.Load(), "should run at most 2 executors in parallel")
+			assert.Equal(t, int32(max(1, parallel)), maxActive.Load())
-
+		})
-	// parallelism below 1 falls back to a single worker
+	}
-	exec, count, maxActive = concurrencyProbe(1)
-	require.NoError(t, NewParallelExecutor(0, exec, exec, exec)(ctx))
-	assert.Equal(t, int32(3), count.Load(), "should run all 3 executors")
-	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), maxActive.Load(), "should run at most 1 executor in parallel")
 }
 
 func TestNewParallelExecutorEmpty(t *testing.T) {
@@ -99,66 +76,49 @@ func TestNewParallelExecutorEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.ErrorIs(err, context.Canceled)
 }
 
-func TestNewParallelExecutorFailed(t *testing.T) {
+func TestNewParallelExecutorRunsAllTasksAfterFailureOrCancellation(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := assert.New(t)
+	for name, tc := range map[string]struct {
-
+		canceled        bool
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+		parallel, tasks int
-	cancel()
+	}{
-
+		"failure":              {false, 2, 5},
-	count := 0
+		"canceled":             {true, 2, 5},
-	errorWorkflow := NewPipelineExecutor(func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		"canceled single task": {true, 1, 1},
-		count++
+	} {
-		return errors.New("fake error")
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-	})
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
-	err := NewParallelExecutor(1, errorWorkflow)(ctx)
+			defer cancel()
-	assert.Equal(1, count)
+			if tc.canceled {
-	assert.ErrorIs(context.Canceled, err)
+				cancel()
-}
+			}
-
+			var calls atomic.Int32
-func TestNewParallelExecutorCanceled(t *testing.T) {
+			executors := make([]Executor, tc.tasks)
-	assert := assert.New(t)
+			for i := range executors {
-
+				executors[i] = func(_ctx context.Context) error {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+					calls.Add(1)
-	cancel()
+					if i == tc.tasks/2 {
-
+						return errors.New("fake error")
-	errExpected := errors.New("fake error")
+					}
-
+					return nil
-	var count atomic.Int32
+				}
-	successWorkflow := NewPipelineExecutor(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		count.Add(1)
-		return nil
-	})
-	errorWorkflow := NewPipelineExecutor(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		count.Add(1)
-		return errExpected
-	})
-	err := NewParallelExecutor(3, errorWorkflow, successWorkflow, successWorkflow)(ctx)
-	assert.Equal(int32(3), count.Load())
-	assert.Error(errExpected, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-}
-
-func TestNewParallelExecutorRunsRemainingAfterFailure(t *testing.T) {
-	var successCount atomic.Int32
-	executors := make([]Executor, 5)
-	for i := range executors {
-		executors[i] = func(ctx context.Context) error {
-			if i == 2 {
-				return errors.New("fake error")
 			}
-			successCount.Add(1)
-			return nil
-		}
-	}
 
-	require.Error(t, NewParallelExecutor(2, executors...)(t.Context()))
+			err := NewParallelExecutor(tc.parallel, executors...)(ctx)
-	assert.Equal(t, int32(4), successCount.Load(), "a failing executor must not stop the others")
+			if tc.canceled {
+				require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled)
+			} else {
+				require.EqualError(t, err, "fake error")
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, int32(tc.tasks), calls.Load())
+		})
+	}
 }
 
 func TestExecutorConditionalsAndFinally(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := t.Context()
 	var calls []string
 	record := func(name string) Executor {
-		return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return func(_ctx context.Context) error {
 			calls = append(calls, name)
 			return nil
 		}
@@ -170,10 +130,7 @@ func TestExecutorConditionalsAndFinally(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, record("if-bool").IfBool(true)(ctx))
 	require.NoError(t, record("main").Finally(record("finally"))(ctx))
 
-	want := []string{"if-true", "if-not", "if-bool", "main", "finally"}
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"if-true", "if-not", "if-bool", "main", "finally"}, calls)
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(calls, want) {
-		t.Fatalf("calls = %v, want %v", calls, want)
-	}
 }
 
 func TestExecutorFinallyReturnsFinallyErrorWithOriginal(t *testing.T) {
@@ -181,8 +138,5 @@ func TestExecutorFinallyReturnsFinallyErrorWithOriginal(t *testing.T) {
 	finalErr := errors.New("cleanup failed")
 
 	err := NewErrorExecutor(mainErr).Finally(NewErrorExecutor(finalErr))(t.Context())
-	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.EqualError(t, err, "error occurred running finally: cleanup failed (original error: main failed)")
-	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "cleanup failed") || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "main failed") {
-		t.Fatalf("finally error = %q, want both cleanup and original error", err)
-	}
 }

act/common/git/fetch_action.go

@@ -16,14 +16,25 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 )
 
+var actionFetches sync.Map
+
+type actionFetch struct {
+	done     chan struct{}
+	dir, sha string
+	err      error
+	retry    bool // the leader was cancelled or panicked, so followers fetch themselves
+}
+
 var archiveRetryDelay = func(retryAfter string) time.Duration { // as actions/runner backs off
 	if seconds, err := strconv.Atoi(retryAfter); err == nil {
 		return min(max(time.Duration(seconds)*time.Second, 10*time.Second), 10*time.Minute)
@@ -32,6 +43,36 @@ var archiveRetryDelay = func(retryAfter string) time.Duration { // as actions/ru
 }
 
 func FetchAction(ctx context.Context, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput) (string, string, error) { // input.Dir is one clone URL and ref's, holding a directory per commit
+	if !reflect.ValueOf(input).Comparable() {
+		return fetchAction(ctx, input)
+	}
+	for ctx.Err() == nil {
+		call := &actionFetch{done: make(chan struct{}), retry: true}
+		previous, loaded := actionFetches.LoadOrStore(input, call)
+		if !loaded {
+			func() {
+				defer func() { actionFetches.Delete(input); close(call.done) }()
+				call.dir, call.sha, call.err = fetchAction(ctx, input)
+				call.retry = ctx.Err() != nil
+			}()
+			if call.retry {
+				continue
+			}
+			return call.dir, call.sha, call.err
+		}
+		call, _ = previous.(*actionFetch)
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+		case <-call.done:
+			if !call.retry && ctx.Err() == nil {
+				return call.dir, call.sha, call.err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return "", "", ctx.Err()
+}
+
+func fetchAction(ctx context.Context, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput) (string, string, error) {
 	unlock, err := AcquireCloneLock(ctx, input.Dir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", "", err

act/common/git/fetch_action_test.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package git
 import (
 	"archive/tar"
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
@@ -16,9 +17,12 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
@@ -102,6 +106,75 @@ func TestFetchAction(t *testing.T) {
 		return NewGitCloneExecutorInput{URL: server.URL + "/org/action", Ref: ref, Dir: t.TempDir(), Token: "secret"}
 	}
 
+	t.Run("shares identical fetches and isolates cancellation, panics and differing inputs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		expectedSha := gitRevParse(t, remote, "main")
+		for _, scenario := range []string{"shared", "leader cancelled", "leader panics", "different token"} {
+			t.Run(scenario, func(t *testing.T) {
+				serve("prefixed", 0)
+				input := newInput("main")
+				started, release := make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
+				releaseFetches := sync.OnceFunc(func() { close(release) })
+				t.Cleanup(releaseFetches)
+				var once sync.Once
+				var panicked atomic.Bool
+				transport := actionFetchTransport(func(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+					once.Do(func() { close(started) })
+					select {
+					case <-request.Context().Done():
+						return nil, request.Context().Err()
+					case <-release:
+					}
+					if scenario == "leader panics" && panicked.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
+						panic("broken archive")
+					}
+					return http.DefaultTransport.RoundTrip(request)
+				})
+				input.Transport = &transport
+				leaderCtx, cancelLeader := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+				defer cancelLeader()
+				waiting := &actionFetchContext{Context: t.Context(), waiting: make(chan struct{})}
+				followerInput := input
+				expectedRequests := 1
+				if scenario == "different token" {
+					followerInput.Token, expectedRequests = "other", 2
+				}
+				leaderDone, followerDone := make(chan error, 1), make(chan error, 1)
+				fetch := func(ctx context.Context, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput, done chan<- error) {
+					var err error
+					defer func() { done <- err }()
+					defer common.RecoverPanic(&err)
+					var tree, sha string
+					if tree, sha, err = FetchAction(ctx, input); err == nil {
+						assert.Equal(t, expectedSha, sha)
+						assert.Equal(t, filepath.Join(input.Dir, sha), tree)
+					}
+				}
+				go fetch(leaderCtx, input, leaderDone)
+				<-started
+				go fetch(waiting, followerInput, followerDone)
+				<-waiting.waiting
+				if scenario == "leader cancelled" {
+					cancelLeader()
+					require.ErrorIs(t, <-leaderDone, context.Canceled)
+				}
+				releaseFetches()
+				switch scenario {
+				case "leader cancelled":
+				case "leader panics":
+					require.ErrorContains(t, <-leaderDone, "panic: broken archive")
+				default:
+					require.NoError(t, <-leaderDone)
+				}
+				require.NoError(t, <-followerDone)
+				_, headers := served()
+				assert.Len(t, headers, expectedRequests)
+				if scenario == "different token" {
+					assert.NotEqual(t, headers[0].Get("Authorization"), headers[1].Get("Authorization"))
+				}
+			})
+		}
+	})
+
 	t.Run("downloads, revalidates and follows a moved tag", func(t *testing.T) {
 		serve("prefixed", 0)
 		input := newInput("v1")
@@ -200,6 +273,23 @@ func TestFetchAction(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+type actionFetchTransport func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+
+func (transport actionFetchTransport) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return transport(request)
+}
+
+type actionFetchContext struct {
+	context.Context
+	waiting chan struct{}
+	once    sync.Once
+}
+
+func (ctx *actionFetchContext) Done() <-chan struct{} {
+	ctx.once.Do(func() { close(ctx.waiting) })
+	return ctx.Context.Done()
+}
+
 func TestExtractTreeConfinesEntries(t *testing.T) {
 	outside := t.TempDir()
 	for name, entries := range map[string][]*tar.Header{

act/common/git/git.go

@@ -79,25 +79,25 @@ func (e *Error) Unwrap() error  { return e.err }
 func (e *Error) Commit() string { return e.commit }
 
 // FindGitRevision get the current git revision
-func FindGitRevision(ctx context.Context, file string) (shortSHA, sha string, err error) {
+func FindGitRevision(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-	sha, err = gitOutput(ctx, file, "rev-parse", "--verify", "HEAD^{commit}")
+	sha, err := gitOutput(ctx, file, "rev-parse", "--verify", "HEAD^{commit}")
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.WithError(err).Error("path", file, "not located inside a git repository")
-		return "", "", err
+		return "", err
 	}
 	if len(sha) < 7 {
-		return "", "", errors.New("HEAD could not be resolved")
+		return "", errors.New("HEAD could not be resolved")
 	}
 	logger.Debugf("Found revision: %s", sha)
-	return sha[:7], sha, nil
+	return sha, nil
 }
 
 // FindGitRef get the current git ref
 func FindGitRef(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 	logger.Debugf("Loading revision from git directory")
-	_, revision, err := FindGitRevision(ctx, file)
+	revision, err := FindGitRevision(ctx, file)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}

act/common/git/git_test.go

@@ -67,42 +67,20 @@ func TestErrorWrapsCommitAndCause(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "abc123", err.Commit())
 }
 
-func cleanGitHooks(dir string) error {
-	hooksDir := filepath.Join(dir, ".git", "hooks")
-	files, err := os.ReadDir(hooksDir)
-	if err != nil {
-		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			return nil
-		}
-		return err
-	}
-	for _, f := range files {
-		if f.IsDir() {
-			continue
-		}
-		relName := filepath.Join(hooksDir, f.Name())
-		if err := os.Remove(relName); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 func TestFindGitMetadataOfSHA256RepositoryUsesOrigin(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	basedir := t.TempDir()
 	const remoteURL = "https://github.com/owner/repo.git"
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--object-format=sha256", "--initial-branch=main", basedir))
-	require.NoError(t, cleanGitHooks(basedir))
+	require.NoError(t, os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(basedir, ".git", "hooks")))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", basedir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "init"))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", basedir, "remote", "add", "origin", remoteURL))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", basedir, "config", "--add", "remote.origin.url", "https://github.com/other/repo.git"))
 
-	shortSHA, sha, err := FindGitRevision(t.Context(), basedir)
+	sha, err := FindGitRevision(t.Context(), basedir)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, gitRevParse(t, basedir, "HEAD"), sha)
 	require.Len(t, sha, 64)
-	require.Equal(t, sha[:7], shortSHA)
 
 	ref, err := FindGitRef(t.Context(), basedir)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -122,89 +100,66 @@ func TestGitFindRef(t *testing.T) {
 	basedir := t.TempDir()
 
 	for name, tt := range map[string]struct {
-		Prepare func(t *testing.T, dir string)
+		commands [][]string
-		Assert  func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error)
+		ref      string
 	}{
-		"new_repo": {
+		"new_repo": {},
-			Prepare: func(t *testing.T, dir string) {},
-			Assert: func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error) {
-				require.Error(t, err)
-			},
-		},
 		"new_repo_with_commit": {
-			Prepare: func(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+			commands: [][]string{{"commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg"}},
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg"))
+			ref:      "refs/heads/master",
-			},
-			Assert: func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error) {
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				require.Equal(t, "refs/heads/master", ref)
-			},
 		},
 		"current_head_is_tag": {
-			Prepare: func(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+			commands: [][]string{
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "commit msg"))
+				{"commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "commit msg"},
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "tag", "v1.2.3"))
+				{"tag", "v1.2.3"},
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "checkout", "v1.2.3"))
+				{"checkout", "v1.2.3"},
-			},
-			Assert: func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error) {
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				require.Equal(t, "refs/tags/v1.2.3", ref)
 			},
+			ref: "refs/tags/v1.2.3",
 		},
 		"current_head_is_same_as_tag": {
-			Prepare: func(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+			commands: [][]string{
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "1.4.2 release"))
+				{"commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "1.4.2 release"},
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "tag", "v1.4.2"))
+				{"tag", "v1.4.2"},
-			},
-			Assert: func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error) {
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				require.Equal(t, "refs/tags/v1.4.2", ref)
 			},
+			ref: "refs/tags/v1.4.2",
 		},
 		"current_head_is_not_tag": {
-			Prepare: func(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+			commands: [][]string{
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg"))
+				{"commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg"},
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "tag", "v1.4.2"))
+				{"tag", "v1.4.2"},
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg2"))
+				{"commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg2"},
-			},
-			Assert: func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error) {
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				require.Equal(t, "refs/heads/master", ref)
 			},
+			ref: "refs/heads/master",
 		},
 		"current_head_is_another_branch": {
-			Prepare: func(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+			commands: [][]string{
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "checkout", "-b", "mybranch"))
+				{"checkout", "-b", "mybranch"},
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg"))
+				{"commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg"},
-			},
-			Assert: func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error) {
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				require.Equal(t, "refs/heads/mybranch", ref)
 			},
+			ref: "refs/heads/mybranch",
 		},
 	} {
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			dir := filepath.Join(basedir, name)
 			require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755))
 			require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "init", "--initial-branch=master"))
-			require.NoError(t, cleanGitHooks(dir))
+			require.NoError(t, os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(dir, ".git", "hooks")))
-			tt.Prepare(t, dir)
+			for _, command := range tt.commands {
+				require.NoError(t, gitCmd(append([]string{"-C", dir}, command...)...))
+			}
 			ref, err := FindGitRef(t.Context(), dir)
-			tt.Assert(t, ref, err)
+			if tt.ref == "" {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, tt.ref, ref)
+			}
 		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestGitCloneExecutor(t *testing.T) {
-	// Build a local bare "remote" so this runs offline and fast. The cases below mirror
+	remoteDir, workDir := newGitRemote(t)
-	// the tag/branch/sha/short-sha ref paths the executor handles, formerly exercised by
-	// cloning actions/checkout and anchore/scan-action over the network.
-	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
-
-	workDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
 	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(workDir, "action.sh"), []byte("#!/bin/sh\necho hi\n"), 0o755))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "add", "action.sh"))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "-m", "initial"))
@@ -212,14 +167,11 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutor(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "origin", "v2"))
 
-	// A branch with a dash in the name (mirrors the historical scan-action@act-fails case).
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "act-fails"))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "branch-commit"))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "origin", "act-fails"))
 
-	out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", workDir, "rev-parse", "main").Output()
+	fullSha := gitRevParse(t, workDir, "main")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	fullSha := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
 
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "origin", "main:refs/heads/"+fullSha[:4]))
 
@@ -265,12 +217,12 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutor(t *testing.T) {
 
 			err := clone(t.Context())
 			if tt.Err != nil {
-				assert.Error(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+				require.Error(t, err)
 				assert.Equal(t, tt.Err, err)
 				assert.Equal(t, tt.Err, clone(t.Context()), "a retry on the cache keeps the error")
 				return
 			}
-			assert.Empty(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 			marker := filepath.Join(dir, "marker")
 			require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(marker, nil, 0o644))
 			require.NoError(t, clone(t.Context()))
@@ -285,13 +237,7 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutor(t *testing.T) {
 func TestGitCloneExecutorReclonesWhenOriginURLChanges(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	createRemote := func(message string) string {
-		remoteDir := t.TempDir()
+		remoteDir, workDir := newGitRemote(t, message)
-		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
-
-		workDir := t.TempDir()
-		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
-		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
-		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", message))
 		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
 
 		return remoteDir
@@ -341,13 +287,7 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutorReclonesWhenOriginURLChanges(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestGitCloneExecutorFollowsRemoteRefChanges(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
+	remoteDir, workDir := newGitRemote(t, "initial", "feature-1")
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
-	workDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "initial"))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "feature-1"))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
 
 	dir := t.TempDir()
@@ -380,16 +320,9 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutorFollowsRemoteRefChanges(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestGitCloneExecutorOfflineMode(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	// Build a local "remote" with a single commit on main.
+	remoteDir, workDir := newGitRemote(t, "initial")
-	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
-	workDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "initial"))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
 
-	// Prime the cache with an online clone of main.
 	cacheDir := t.TempDir()
 	require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
 		URL: remoteDir,
@@ -398,8 +331,6 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutorOfflineMode(t *testing.T) {
 	})(t.Context()))
 
 	t.Run("cached branch resolves without fetching", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Offline reuse of a cached branch must succeed even though ResolveRevision(input.Ref)
-		// finds no local refs/heads/<ref>.
 		err := NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
 			URL:         remoteDir,
 			Ref:         "main",
@@ -414,7 +345,6 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutorOfflineMode(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("unresolvable cached ref returns error", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// The ref was never cached; offline mode cannot resolve it and must return an error.
 		err := NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
 			URL:         remoteDir,
 			Ref:         "never-fetched",
@@ -427,15 +357,7 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutorOfflineMode(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestGitCloneExecutorShallow(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	// Build a local "remote" with several commits on main plus a tag, so a full clone would pull noticeably more history than a shallow one.
+	remoteDir, workDir := newGitRemote(t, "c1", "c2", "c3")
-	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
-	workDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
-	for _, m := range []string{"c1", "c2", "c3"} {
-		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", m))
-	}
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "tag", "v1"))
 	unadvertisedSHA := gitRevParse(t, workDir, "HEAD~1")
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
@@ -443,25 +365,17 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutorShallow(t *testing.T) {
 
 	shallowMarker := func(dir string) string { return filepath.Join(dir, ".git", "shallow") }
 
-	t.Run("branch is cloned shallowly", func(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, ref := range map[string]string{"branch is cloned shallowly": "main", "tag is cloned shallowly": "v1"} {
-		dir := t.TempDir()
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-		require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+			dir := t.TempDir()
-			URL: remoteDir, Ref: "main", Dir: dir, Depth: 1,
+			require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
-		})(t.Context()))
+				URL: remoteDir, Ref: ref, Dir: dir, Depth: 1,
-		assert.FileExists(t, shallowMarker(dir), "clone should be shallow")
+			})(t.Context()))
-		assert.Equal(t, 1, gitRevCount(t, dir), "only the tip commit should be present")
+			assert.FileExists(t, shallowMarker(dir), "clone should be shallow")
-		assert.Equal(t, "c3", gitHeadSubject(t, dir))
+			assert.Equal(t, 1, gitRevCount(t, dir), "only the tip commit should be present")
-	})
+			assert.Equal(t, "c3", gitHeadSubject(t, dir))
-
+		})
-	t.Run("tag is cloned shallowly", func(t *testing.T) {
+	}
-		dir := t.TempDir()
-		require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
-			URL: remoteDir, Ref: "v1", Dir: dir, Depth: 1,
-		})(t.Context()))
-		assert.FileExists(t, shallowMarker(dir), "clone should be shallow")
-		assert.Equal(t, 1, gitRevCount(t, dir))
-		assert.Equal(t, "c3", gitHeadSubject(t, dir))
-	})
 
 	unadvertisedRemote := func(t *testing.T, allowUnadvertised bool) string {
 		remote := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "remote.git")
@@ -541,12 +455,7 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutorShallow(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestGitCloneExecutorPinnedHashIgnoresShadowingRef(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
+	remoteDir, workDir := newGitRemote(t, "pinned")
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
-	workDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "pinned"))
 	pinned := gitRevParse(t, workDir, "HEAD")
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "decoy"))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "tag", pinned))
@@ -564,6 +473,18 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutorPinnedHashIgnoresShadowingRef(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func newGitRemote(t *testing.T, messages ...string) (string, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	remoteDir, workDir := t.TempDir(), t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
+	for _, message := range messages {
+		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", message))
+	}
+	return remoteDir, workDir
+}
+
 func gitRevParse(t *testing.T, dir, rev string) string {
 	t.Helper()
 	out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", dir, "rev-parse", rev).Output()
@@ -591,9 +512,6 @@ func gitCmd(args ...string) error {
 	cmd := exec.Command("git", args...)
 	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
 	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
-	// Inject a deterministic identity and ignore the host's global/system config so commits
-	// succeed regardless of the host having no user.name/user.email (e.g. CI, GITHUB_ACTIONS
-	// unset) or a global commit.gpgsign, and without mutating the developer's ~/.gitconfig.
 	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(),
 		"GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Unit Test",
 		"[email protected]",
@@ -695,7 +613,6 @@ func TestAcquireCloneLock(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
-// An unresponsive remote must not pin a job: the refresh has to be interruptible.
 func TestNewGitCloneExecutorFetchSendsTokenAndHonoursContext(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	block := make(chan struct{})

act/common/job_error.go

@@ -14,13 +14,8 @@ const jobErrorContextKeyVal = jobErrorContextKey("job.error")
 
 // JobError returns the job error for current context if any
 func JobError(ctx context.Context) error {
-	val := ctx.Value(jobErrorContextKeyVal)
+	container, _ := ctx.Value(jobErrorContextKeyVal).(map[string]error)
-	if val != nil {
+	return container["error"]
-		if container, ok := val.(map[string]error); ok {
-			return container["error"]
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
 }
 
 func SetJobError(ctx context.Context, err error) {
@@ -31,6 +26,5 @@ func SetJobError(ctx context.Context, err error) {
 
 // WithJobErrorContainer adds a value to the context as a container for an error
 func WithJobErrorContainer(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
-	container := map[string]error{}
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, jobErrorContextKeyVal, map[string]error{})
-	return context.WithValue(ctx, jobErrorContextKeyVal, container)
 }

act/common/line_writer.go

@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@ type lineWriter struct {
 
 // NewLineWriter creates a new instance of a line writer
 func NewLineWriter(handlers ...LineHandler) io.Writer {
-	w := new(lineWriter)
+	return &lineWriter{handlers: handlers}
-	w.handlers = handlers
-	return w
 }
 
 // FlushWriter flushes w if it implements Flusher. It is a no-op otherwise, so
@@ -39,24 +37,15 @@ func FlushWriter(w io.Writer) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (lw *lineWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+func (lw *lineWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
-	pBuf := bytes.NewBuffer(p)
+	for line := range bytes.SplitAfterSeq(p, []byte{'\n'}) {
-	written := 0
+		_, _ = lw.buffer.Write(line)
-	for {
+		if len(line) > 0 && line[len(line)-1] == '\n' {
-		line, err := pBuf.ReadString('\n')
+			lw.handleLine(lw.buffer.String())
-		w, _ := lw.buffer.WriteString(line)
+			lw.buffer.Reset()
-		written += w
-		if err != nil {
-			if err == io.EOF {
-				break
-			}
-			return written, err
 		}
-		lw.handleLine(lw.buffer.String())
-		lw.buffer.Reset()
 	}
-
+	return len(p), nil
-	return written, nil
 }
 
 // Flush emits any buffered, not-yet-newline-terminated content as a final line.
@@ -72,8 +61,7 @@ func (lw *lineWriter) Flush() {
 
 func (lw *lineWriter) handleLine(line string) {
 	for _, h := range lw.handlers {
-		ok := h(line)
+		if !h(line) {
-		if !ok {
 			break
 		}
 	}

act/common/line_writer_test.go

@@ -9,24 +9,24 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-func TestLineWriter(t *testing.T) {
+func TestLineWriterBuffersAndFlushesLines(t *testing.T) {
-	lines := make([]string, 0)
+	var lines []string
-	lineHandler := func(s string) bool {
+	lineWriter := NewLineWriter(func(s string) bool {
 		lines = append(lines, s)
 		return true
-	}
+	})
-
-	lineWriter := NewLineWriter(lineHandler)
 
 	assert := assert.New(t)
 	write := func(s string) {
 		n, err := lineWriter.Write([]byte(s))
-		assert.NoError(err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(len(s), n, s)
 	}
 
+	write("")
 	write("hello")
 	write(" ")
 	write("world!!\nextra")
@@ -34,39 +34,17 @@ func TestLineWriter(t *testing.T) {
 	write(" line\n")
 	write("no newline here...")
 
-	assert.Len(lines, 4)
+	expected := []string{"hello world!!\n", "extra line\n", " and another\n", "last line\n"}
-	assert.Equal("hello world!!\n", lines[0])
+	assert.Equal(expected, lines)
-	assert.Equal("extra line\n", lines[1])
-	assert.Equal(" and another\n", lines[2])
-	assert.Equal("last line\n", lines[3])
-}
 
-func TestLineWriterFlush(t *testing.T) {
-	lines := make([]string, 0)
-	lineHandler := func(s string) bool {
-		lines = append(lines, s)
-		return true
-	}
-
-	lineWriter := NewLineWriter(lineHandler)
-
-	assert := assert.New(t)
-	_, err := lineWriter.Write([]byte("complete line\npartial line without newline"))
-	assert.NoError(err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing pattern from nektos/act
-
-	// Only the newline-terminated line is emitted before flushing.
-	assert.Equal([]string{"complete line\n"}, lines)
-
-	// Flushing emits the buffered, not-yet-terminated trailing line.
 	FlushWriter(lineWriter)
-	assert.Equal([]string{"complete line\n", "partial line without newline"}, lines)
+	expected = append(expected, "no newline here...")
+	assert.Equal(expected, lines)
 
-	// Flushing again is a no-op: nothing is buffered.
 	FlushWriter(lineWriter)
-	assert.Len(lines, 2)
+	assert.Equal(expected, lines)
 }
 
 func TestFlushWriterIgnoresNonFlusher(t *testing.T) {
-	// FlushWriter must be a safe no-op for writers that do not buffer lines.
 	assert.NotPanics(t, func() { FlushWriter(io.Discard) })
 }

act/common/logger.go

@@ -34,10 +34,8 @@ const loggerHandlerKeyVal = loggerHandlerKey("logging.Handler")
 // LoggerHandler returns the extra handler the job logger sends its records to, or nil.
 // It affects the job logger, not the global logger.
 func LoggerHandler(ctx context.Context) logging.Handler {
-	if h, ok := ctx.Value(loggerHandlerKeyVal).(logging.Handler); ok {
+	h, _ := ctx.Value(loggerHandlerKeyVal).(logging.Handler)
-		return h
+	return h
-	}
-	return nil
 }
 
 // WithLoggerHandler adds the extra handler for the job logger to the context

act/common/logging/console.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"log/slog"
+	"maps"
 	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
 	"slices"
@@ -94,11 +95,7 @@ func (h *consoleHandler) Handle(_ context.Context, r slog.Record) error {
 	}
 	prefixFieldClashes(data, caller != nil)
 
-	keys := make([]string, 0, len(data))
+	keys := slices.Sorted(maps.Keys(data))
-	for k := range data {
-		keys = append(keys, k)
-	}
-	slices.Sort(keys)
 
 	var b bytes.Buffer
 	if terminal && !opts.DisableColors {

act/common/logging/global.go

@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
 	"sync/atomic"
-
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 // TextOptions describes how the process-wide Logger writes a record as text.
@@ -41,11 +39,8 @@ func Default() *Logger { return std.Load() }
 // initial console Logger.
 func SetDefault(l *Logger) { std.Store(l) }
 
-// SetLevel sets the minimum level of the initial process-wide Logger and of what libraries log through logrus.
+// SetLevel sets the minimum level of the initial process-wide Logger.
-func SetLevel(level Level) {
+func SetLevel(level Level) { stdState.level.Set(slog.Level(level)) }
-	stdState.level.Set(slog.Level(level))
-	logrus.SetLevel(toLogrusLevel(level))
-}
 
 // GetLevel returns the minimum level of the initial process-wide Logger.
 func GetLevel() Level { return Level(stdState.level.Level()) }
@@ -72,19 +67,16 @@ func SetReportCaller(on bool) {
 	stdState.mu.Lock()
 	defer stdState.mu.Unlock()
 	stdState.reportCaller = on
-	logrus.SetReportCaller(on)
 }
 
 func Enabled(level Level) bool { return Default().Enabled(level) }
 
 func With(args ...any) *Logger          { return Default().With(args...) }
 func WithError(err error) *Logger       { return Default().WithError(err) }
-func Tracef(format string, args ...any) { Default().logf(LevelTrace, format, args) }
 func Debugf(format string, args ...any) { Default().logf(LevelDebug, format, args) }
 func Infof(format string, args ...any)  { Default().logf(LevelInfo, format, args) }
 func Warnf(format string, args ...any)  { Default().logf(LevelWarn, format, args) }
 func Errorf(format string, args ...any) { Default().logf(LevelError, format, args) }
-func Trace(args ...any)                 { Default().log(LevelTrace, args) }
 func Debug(args ...any)                 { Default().log(LevelDebug, args) }
 func Info(args ...any)                  { Default().log(LevelInfo, args) }
 func Warn(args ...any)                  { Default().log(LevelWarn, args) }

act/common/logging/logger.go

@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ func (l *Logger) Enabled(level Level) bool {
 	return l.h.Enabled(l.ctx, level)
 }
 
-func (l *Logger) Tracef(format string, args ...any) { l.logf(LevelTrace, format, args) }
 func (l *Logger) Debugf(format string, args ...any) { l.logf(LevelDebug, format, args) }
 func (l *Logger) Infof(format string, args ...any)  { l.logf(LevelInfo, format, args) }
 func (l *Logger) Warnf(format string, args ...any)  { l.logf(LevelWarn, format, args) }

act/common/logging/logging_test.go

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging/logtest"
 
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
@@ -39,6 +38,7 @@ func (c countingStringer) String() string { *c.n++; return "x" }
 
 func TestLogger(t *testing.T) {
 	h := logtest.NewWithLevel(logging.LevelTrace)
+	assert.Nil(t, h.LastRecord())
 	l := logging.New(h)
 
 	l.With("job", "j1").WithError(errors.New("boom")).Warnf("step %d", 2)
@@ -54,12 +54,9 @@ func TestLogger(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "j1", job)
 	errv, _ := recs[0].Attr("error")
 	require.EqualError(t, errv.(error), "boom")
-	assert.Equal(t, "a1 2b", recs[1].Message) // fmt.Sprint spacing
+	assert.Equal(t, "a1 2b", recs[1].Message)
 	bad, _ := recs[2].Attr("!BADKEY")
 	assert.Equal(t, 7, bad)
-
-	h.Reset()
-	assert.Nil(t, h.LastRecord())
 }
 
 func TestLoggerSkipsFormattingWhenDisabled(t *testing.T) {
@@ -118,10 +115,8 @@ func TestDefaultLevel(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestSlogHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	var buf strings.Builder
-	slogger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: slog.LevelDebug}))
+	l := logging.New(logging.NewSlogHandler(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: slog.LevelDebug}))).With("job", "j1")
-	l := logging.New(logging.NewSlogHandler(slogger.Handler())).With("job", "j1")
 
-	l.Tracef("dropped")
 	assert.False(t, l.Enabled(logging.LevelTrace))
 	l.WithError(errors.New("boom")).Errorf("fail %s", "x")
 
@@ -132,43 +127,6 @@ func TestSlogHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, out, "error=boom")
 }
 
-func TestLogrusBridge(t *testing.T) {
-	prevLevel, prevDefault := logging.GetLevel(), logging.Default()
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		logging.SetLevel(prevLevel)
-		logging.SetReportCaller(false)
-		logging.SetDefault(prevDefault)
-	})
-	logging.SetLevel(logging.LevelInfo)
-	assert.False(t, logrus.IsLevelEnabled(logrus.DebugLevel))
-	logging.SetLevel(logging.LevelTrace)
-	logging.SetReportCaller(true)
-	h := logtest.NewWithLevel(logging.LevelTrace)
-	logging.SetDefault(logging.New(h))
-
-	logrus.WithField("lib", "docker").Warnf("from a library %d", 1)
-	_, _, line, _ := runtime.Caller(0)
-	logrus.Debug("below")
-	logrus.Trace("lowest")
-
-	recs := h.AllRecords()
-	require.Len(t, recs, 3)
-	assert.Equal(t, "from a library 1", recs[0].Message)
-	assert.Equal(t, logging.LevelWarn, recs[0].Level)
-	v, _ := recs[0].Attr("lib")
-	assert.Equal(t, "docker", v)
-	assert.Equal(t, logging.LevelDebug, recs[1].Level)
-	f := frameOf(t, recs[1].PC)
-	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(f.Function, "TestLogrusBridge"), f.Function)
-	assert.Equal(t, line+1, f.Line)
-	assert.Equal(t, logging.LevelTrace, recs[2].Level)
-
-	h = logtest.New() // logrus passes Debug, the Logger does not
-	logging.SetDefault(logging.New(h))
-	logrus.Debug("dropped")
-	assert.Empty(t, h.AllRecords())
-}
-
 func TestSlogBridge(t *testing.T) {
 	h := logtest.SetDefault(t)
 	slog.With("lib", "actionslib").Warn("from a library", "n", 1)
@@ -185,19 +143,3 @@ func TestSlogBridge(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.EqualValues(t, 1, n)
 	assert.Equal(t, line-1, frameOf(t, recs[0].PC).Line)
 }
-
-func TestLogrusBridgeIntact(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.True(t, logging.LogrusBridgeIntact())
-
-	prev := logrus.StandardLogger().Out
-	t.Cleanup(func() { logrus.SetOutput(prev) })
-	logrus.SetOutput(&strings.Builder{}) // what a dependency doing this would do
-	assert.False(t, logging.LogrusBridgeIntact())
-	logrus.SetOutput(prev)
-	assert.True(t, logging.LogrusBridgeIntact())
-
-	prevLevel := logrus.GetLevel()
-	t.Cleanup(func() { logrus.SetLevel(prevLevel) })
-	logrus.SetLevel(logrus.PanicLevel)
-	assert.False(t, logging.LogrusBridgeIntact())
-}

act/common/logging/logrus_bridge.go

@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package logging
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"io"
-
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-)
-
-// Libraries the runner depends on, such as docker/cli and moby/go-archive, log through
-// logrus's global logger. Hand what they log to the process-wide Logger, so it follows the same
-// level, format and secret masking as the rest of the output.
-func init() {
-	logrus.SetOutput(io.Discard)
-	logrus.SetFormatter(discardFormatter{})
-	logrus.SetLevel(toLogrusLevel(GetLevel()))
-	logrus.AddHook(bridgeHook{})
-}
-
-type discardFormatter struct{}
-
-func (discardFormatter) Format(*logrus.Entry) ([]byte, error) { return nil, nil }
-
-type bridgeHook struct{}
-
-func (bridgeHook) Levels() []logrus.Level { return logrus.AllLevels }
-
-func (bridgeHook) Fire(e *logrus.Entry) error {
-	l := Default()
-	level := fromLogrusLevel(e.Level)
-	ctx := e.Context
-	if ctx == nil {
-		ctx = context.Background()
-	}
-	if !l.h.Enabled(ctx, level) {
-		return nil
-	}
-	attrs := make([]Attr, 0, len(e.Data))
-	for k, v := range e.Data {
-		attrs = append(attrs, Attr{Key: k, Value: v})
-	}
-	r := Record{Time: e.Time, Level: level, Message: e.Message, Attrs: attrs}
-	if e.Caller != nil {
-		r.PC = e.Caller.PC + 1 // Frame.PC is one below the return address Record.PC holds
-	}
-	return l.h.Handle(ctx, r)
-}
-
-func toLogrusLevel(l Level) logrus.Level {
-	switch {
-	case l <= LevelTrace:
-		return logrus.TraceLevel
-	case l <= LevelDebug:
-		return logrus.DebugLevel
-	case l <= LevelInfo:
-		return logrus.InfoLevel
-	case l <= LevelWarn:
-		return logrus.WarnLevel
-	default:
-		return logrus.ErrorLevel
-	}
-}
-
-func fromLogrusLevel(l logrus.Level) Level {
-	switch l {
-	case logrus.TraceLevel:
-		return LevelTrace
-	case logrus.DebugLevel:
-		return LevelDebug
-	case logrus.InfoLevel:
-		return LevelInfo
-	case logrus.WarnLevel:
-		return LevelWarn
-	default:
-		return LevelError
-	}
-}
-
-// LogrusBridgeIntact reports whether logrus's global logger is still set up as the bridge needs,
-// discarding its own output and following the process-wide level. A dependency that calls
-// logrus.SetOutput or SetLevel breaks that, and its lines then show up twice, or at the wrong level.
-func LogrusBridgeIntact() bool {
-	std := logrus.StandardLogger()
-	if std.Out != io.Discard || std.GetLevel() != toLogrusLevel(GetLevel()) {
-		return false
-	}
-	for _, level := range logrus.AllLevels {
-		found := false
-		for _, h := range std.Hooks[level] {
-			if _, ok := h.(bridgeHook); ok {
-				found = true
-			}
-		}
-		if !found {
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-	return true
-}

act/common/logging/logtest/logtest.go

@@ -72,12 +72,6 @@ func (h *Handler) LastRecord() *logging.Record {
 	return &r
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) Reset() {
-	h.store.mu.Lock()
-	defer h.store.mu.Unlock()
-	h.store.records = nil
-}
-
 // SetDefault makes the process-wide Logger record into a new Handler until the test ends.
 func SetDefault(t testing.TB) *Handler {
 	t.Helper()

act/common/outbound_ip.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 type interfaceIP struct {
 	net.IP
-	net.Interface
+	Name string
 }
 
 // GetOutboundIP returns an outbound IP address of this machine.
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func GetOutboundIP() net.IP {
 						ip = v.IP
 					}
 					if ip.IsGlobalUnicast() {
-						ips = append(ips, interfaceIP{ip, i})
+						ips = append(ips, interfaceIP{ip, i.Name})
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -59,29 +59,25 @@ func preferredIP(ips []interfaceIP) net.IP {
 		return nil
 	}
 	sort.Slice(ips, func(i, j int) bool {
-		ifi := ips[i].Interface
+		first, second := ips[i], ips[j]
-		ifj := ips[j].Interface
 
 		// ethernet is preferred
-		if vi, vj := strings.HasPrefix(ifi.Name, "e"), strings.HasPrefix(ifj.Name, "e"); vi != vj {
+		if vi, vj := strings.HasPrefix(first.Name, "e"), strings.HasPrefix(second.Name, "e"); vi != vj {
 			return vi
 		}
 
-		ipi := ips[i].IP
-		ipj := ips[j].IP
-
 		// IPv4 is preferred
-		if vi, vj := ipi.To4() != nil, ipj.To4() != nil; vi != vj {
+		if vi, vj := first.To4() != nil, second.To4() != nil; vi != vj {
 			return vi
 		}
 
 		// en0 is preferred to en1
-		if ifi.Name != ifj.Name {
+		if first.Name != second.Name {
-			return ifi.Name < ifj.Name
+			return first.Name < second.Name
 		}
 
 		// fallback
-		return ipi.String() < ipj.String()
+		return first.String() < second.String()
 	})
 	return ips[0].IP
 }

act/container/docker_auth.go

@@ -7,20 +7,33 @@
 package container
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"maps"
+	"net"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/user"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 
 	"github.com/distribution/reference"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/config"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/registry"
 )
 
 func LoadDockerAuthConfig(ctx context.Context, image string) (registry.AuthConfig, error) {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-	// config.LoadDefaultConfigFile panics on nil io.Writer when the config
+	cfg, err := loadDockerConfig(ctx)
-	// file is malformed; use config.Load to route errors through the logger.
-	cfg, err := config.Load(config.Dir())
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Warnf("Could not load docker config: %v", err)
 		return registry.AuthConfig{}, err
@@ -34,32 +47,27 @@ func LoadDockerAuthConfig(ctx context.Context, image string) (registry.AuthConfi
 		}
 	}
 
-	authConfig, err := cfg.GetAuthConfig(registryKey)
+	authConfig, err := cfg.authConfig(ctx, registryKey)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Warnf("Could not get auth config from docker config: %v", err)
 		return registry.AuthConfig{}, err
 	}
 
-	return registry.AuthConfig(authConfig), nil
+	return authConfig, nil
 }
 
 func LoadDockerAuthConfigs(ctx context.Context) map[string]registry.AuthConfig {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-	cfg, err := config.Load(config.Dir())
+	cfg, err := loadDockerConfig(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Warnf("Could not load docker config: %v", err)
 		return nil
 	}
-	creds, err := cfg.GetAllCredentials()
+	authConfigs, err := cfg.allAuthConfigs(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Warnf("Could not get docker auth configs: %v", err)
 		return nil
 	}
-	authConfigs := make(map[string]registry.AuthConfig, len(creds))
-	for k, v := range creds {
-		authConfigs[k] = registry.AuthConfig(v)
-	}
-
 	return authConfigs
 }
 
@@ -69,3 +77,226 @@ func registryAuthConfigKey(domainName string) string {
 	}
 	return domainName
 }
+
+type dockerConfig struct {
+	Auths       map[string]registry.AuthConfig `json:"auths"`
+	CredsStore  string                         `json:"credsStore"`
+	CredHelpers map[string]string              `json:"credHelpers"`
+	env         map[string]registry.AuthConfig // from DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG, nil when unset or unusable
+}
+
+func loadDockerConfig(ctx context.Context) (*dockerConfig, error) {
+	dir := os.Getenv("DOCKER_CONFIG")
+	if dir == "" {
+		home, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
+		if home == "" && runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+			if current, err := user.Current(); err == nil {
+				home = current.HomeDir
+			}
+		}
+		dir = filepath.Join(home, ".docker")
+	}
+	cfg := &dockerConfig{}
+	filename := filepath.Join(dir, "config.json")
+	file, err := os.Open(filename)
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("loading config file: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err == nil {
+		defer file.Close()
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(file).Decode(cfg); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing config file (%s): %w", filename, err)
+		}
+	}
+	for address, auth := range cfg.Auths {
+		if auth.Auth != "" {
+			if auth.Username, auth.Password, err = decodeAuth(auth.Auth); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing config file (%s): %w", filename, err)
+			}
+		}
+		auth.Auth, auth.ServerAddress = "", address
+		cfg.Auths[address] = auth
+	}
+	if value := os.Getenv("DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG"); value != "" {
+		if cfg.env, err = parseDockerAuthConfigEnv(value); err != nil {
+			common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("Failed to create credential store from DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return cfg, nil
+}
+
+func decodeAuth(auth string) (string, string, error) {
+	decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(auth)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	username, password, ok := strings.Cut(string(decoded), ":")
+	if !ok || username == "" {
+		return "", "", errors.New("invalid auth configuration file")
+	}
+	return username, strings.Trim(password, "\x00"), nil
+}
+
+func parseDockerAuthConfigEnv(value string) (map[string]registry.AuthConfig, error) {
+	var env struct {
+		Auths map[string]struct {
+			Auth string `json:"auth"`
+		} `json:"auths"`
+	}
+	decoder := json.NewDecoder(strings.NewReader(value))
+	decoder.DisallowUnknownFields()
+	if err := decoder.Decode(&env); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if decoder.More() {
+		return nil, errors.New("DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG does not support more than one JSON object")
+	}
+	auths := make(map[string]registry.AuthConfig, len(env.Auths))
+	for address, entry := range env.Auths {
+		if entry.Auth == "" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG environment variable is missing key `auth` for %s", address)
+		}
+		username, password, err := decodeAuth(entry.Auth)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		auths[address] = registry.AuthConfig{Username: username, Password: password, ServerAddress: address}
+	}
+	return auths, nil
+}
+
+func (c *dockerConfig) authConfig(ctx context.Context, key string) (registry.AuthConfig, error) {
+	if auth, ok := c.env[key]; ok {
+		return auth, nil
+	}
+	helper := c.CredsStore
+	if named, ok := c.CredHelpers[key]; ok {
+		helper = named
+	}
+	if helper == "" {
+		return c.fileAuth(key), nil
+	}
+	auth := c.fileAuth(key)
+	stored, err := helperCredentials(ctx, helper, key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return auth, err
+	}
+	auth.Username, auth.Password, auth.IdentityToken, auth.ServerAddress = stored.Username, stored.Password, stored.IdentityToken, stored.ServerAddress
+	return auth, nil
+}
+
+func (c *dockerConfig) fileAuth(key string) registry.AuthConfig {
+	if auth, ok := c.Auths[key]; ok {
+		return auth
+	}
+	for address, auth := range c.Auths {
+		if registryHostname(address) == key {
+			return auth
+		}
+	}
+	return registry.AuthConfig{}
+}
+
+func (c *dockerConfig) allAuthConfigs(ctx context.Context) (map[string]registry.AuthConfig, error) {
+	var auths map[string]registry.AuthConfig
+	if c.CredsStore == "" {
+		auths = maps.Clone(c.Auths)
+	} else {
+		var err error
+		if auths, err = c.helperAuthConfigs(ctx); err != nil {
+			if c.env == nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("Could not list the credentials of docker-credential-%s: %v", c.CredsStore, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if auths == nil {
+		auths = map[string]registry.AuthConfig{}
+	}
+	maps.Copy(auths, c.env)
+	if c.CredsStore == "" {
+		c.Auths = maps.Clone(auths) // docker's file store holds the DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG entries after listing, and credHelpers set to "" read it
+	}
+	for address := range c.CredHelpers {
+		auth, err := c.authConfig(ctx, registryAuthConfigKey(address))
+		if err != nil {
+			common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("Failed to get credentials for registry: %s: %v", address, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		auths[address] = auth
+	}
+	return auths, nil
+}
+
+func (c *dockerConfig) helperAuthConfigs(ctx context.Context) (map[string]registry.AuthConfig, error) {
+	out, err := runCredentialHelper(ctx, c.CredsStore, "list", "unused")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error listing credentials - err: %w, out: `%s`", err, strings.TrimSpace(string(out)))
+	}
+	var addresses map[string]string
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(out)).Decode(&addresses); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	auths := make(map[string]registry.AuthConfig, len(addresses))
+	for address := range addresses {
+		stored, err := helperCredentials(ctx, c.CredsStore, address)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		auth := c.Auths[address]
+		auth.Username, auth.Password, auth.IdentityToken = stored.Username, stored.Password, stored.IdentityToken
+		if auth.ServerAddress == "" {
+			auth.ServerAddress = stored.ServerAddress
+		}
+		auths[address] = auth
+	}
+	return auths, nil
+}
+
+func helperCredentials(ctx context.Context, helper, address string) (registry.AuthConfig, error) {
+	out, err := runCredentialHelper(ctx, helper, "get", address)
+	if err != nil {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(string(out)) == "credentials not found in native keychain" {
+			return registry.AuthConfig{}, nil
+		}
+		return registry.AuthConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("error getting credentials - err: %w, out: `%s`", err, strings.TrimSpace(string(out)))
+	}
+	var stored struct{ Username, Secret string }
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(out)).Decode(&stored); err != nil {
+		return registry.AuthConfig{}, err
+	}
+	if stored.Username == "<token>" {
+		return registry.AuthConfig{IdentityToken: stored.Secret, ServerAddress: address}, nil
+	}
+	return registry.AuthConfig{Username: stored.Username, Password: stored.Secret, ServerAddress: address}, nil
+}
+
+func runCredentialHelper(ctx context.Context, helper, action, input string) ([]byte, error) {
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "docker-credential-"+helper, action)
+	cmd.Stdin = strings.NewReader(input)
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	return cmd.Output()
+}
+
+func registryHostname(address string) string {
+	if _, rest, ok := strings.Cut(address, "://"); ok {
+		if u, err := url.Parse(address); err == nil && u.Hostname() != "" {
+			if u.Port() == "" {
+				return u.Hostname()
+			}
+			return net.JoinHostPort(u.Hostname(), u.Port())
+		}
+		if host, _, _ := strings.Cut(rest, "/"); host != "" {
+			if colon := strings.LastIndex(host, ":"); strings.Count(host, ":") > 1 && !strings.HasPrefix(host, "[") && isDigits(host[colon+1:]) {
+				return net.JoinHostPort(host[:colon], host[colon+1:])
+			}
+			return host
+		}
+	}
+	host, _, _ := strings.Cut(address, "/")
+	return host
+}
+
+func isDigits(s string) bool {
+	return s != "" && strings.Trim(s, "0123456789") == ""
+}

act/container/docker_auth_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !windows && !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || netbsd))
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/registry"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestLoadDockerAuthConfigFromFileHelpersAndEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "docker-credential-fake"), []byte("#!/bin/sh\nread -r server\n[ \"$1\" = get ] && [ \"$server\" = helper.example.com ] && exec echo '{\"Username\":\"helped\",\"Secret\":\"pw\"}'\necho 'credentials not found in native keychain'\nexit 1\n"), 0o755))
+	t.Setenv("PATH", dir+string(os.PathListSeparator)+os.Getenv("PATH"))
+	auth := func(credentials string) string { return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(credentials)) }
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "config.json"), []byte(`{"auths": {"https://legacy.example.com/v1/": {"auth": "`+auth("legacy:pw")+`"}}, "credHelpers": {"helper.example.com": "fake", "gone.example.com": "fake", "env-legacy.example.com": ""}}`), 0o600))
+	t.Setenv("DOCKER_CONFIG", dir)
+	t.Setenv("DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG", `{"auths": {"env.example.com": {"auth": "`+auth("env:pw")+`"}, "https://env-legacy.example.com/v1/": {"auth": "`+auth("env:pw")+`"}}}`)
+
+	for image, want := range map[string]registry.AuthConfig{
+		"legacy.example.com/app": {Username: "legacy", Password: "pw", ServerAddress: "https://legacy.example.com/v1/"},
+		"helper.example.com/app": {Username: "helped", Password: "pw", ServerAddress: "helper.example.com"},
+		"env.example.com/app":    {Username: "env", Password: "pw", ServerAddress: "env.example.com"},
+		"gone.example.com/app":   {},
+	} {
+		got, err := LoadDockerAuthConfig(t.Context(), image)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, want, got, image)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]registry.AuthConfig{
+		"https://legacy.example.com/v1/":     {Username: "legacy", Password: "pw", ServerAddress: "https://legacy.example.com/v1/"},
+		"helper.example.com":                 {Username: "helped", Password: "pw", ServerAddress: "helper.example.com"},
+		"gone.example.com":                   {},
+		"env.example.com":                    {Username: "env", Password: "pw", ServerAddress: "env.example.com"},
+		"https://env-legacy.example.com/v1/": {Username: "env", Password: "pw", ServerAddress: "https://env-legacy.example.com/v1/"},
+		"env-legacy.example.com":             {Username: "env", Password: "pw", ServerAddress: "https://env-legacy.example.com/v1/"},
+	}, LoadDockerAuthConfigs(t.Context()))
+}

act/container/docker_build.go

@@ -7,15 +7,18 @@
 package container
 
 import (
+	"archive/tar"
 	"context"
 	"io"
+	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 
-	"github.com/moby/go-archive"
-	"github.com/moby/go-archive/compression"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/client"
 	"github.com/moby/patternmatcher"
 	"github.com/moby/patternmatcher/ignorefile"
@@ -43,9 +46,8 @@ func NewDockerBuildExecutor(input NewDockerBuildExecutorInput) common.Executor {
 
 		logger.Debugf("Building image from '%v'", input.ContextDir)
 
-		tags := []string{input.ImageTag}
 		options := client.ImageBuildOptions{
-			Tags:        tags,
+			Tags:        []string{input.ImageTag},
 			Remove:      true,
 			AuthConfigs: LoadDockerAuthConfigs(ctx),
 			Dockerfile:  input.Dockerfile,
@@ -73,11 +75,7 @@ func NewDockerBuildExecutor(input NewDockerBuildExecutorInput) common.Executor {
 		logger.Debugf("Creating image from context dir '%s' with tag '%s' and platform '%s'", input.ContextDir, input.ImageTag, input.Platform)
 		resp, err := cli.ImageBuild(ctx, buildContext, options)
 
-		err = logDockerResponse(logger, resp.Body, err != nil)
+		return logDockerResponse(logger, resp.Body, err != nil)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		return nil
 	}
 }
 
@@ -115,14 +113,140 @@ func createBuildContext(ctx context.Context, contextDir, relDockerfile string) (
 		includes = append(includes, ".dockerignore", relDockerfile)
 	}
 
-	buildCtx, err := archive.TarWithOptions(contextDir, &archive.TarOptions{
+	pm, err := patternmatcher.New(excludes)
-		Compression:     compression.None,
-		ExcludePatterns: excludes,
-		IncludeFiles:    includes,
-	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
+	reader, writer := io.Pipe()
-	return buildCtx, nil
+	go func() { writer.CloseWithError(writeBuildContext(ctx, writer, contextDir, includes, pm)) }()
+	return reader, nil
 }
+
+func writeBuildContext(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, contextDir string, includes []string, pm *patternmatcher.PatternMatcher) error {
+	tw := tar.NewWriter(w)
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	hardlinks := map[uint64]string{}
+	buffer := make([]byte, 32*1024)
+	for _, include := range includes {
+		include = filepath.FromSlash(include)
+		var parents []parentMatch
+		root := strings.TrimSuffix(contextDir, string(filepath.Separator)) + string(filepath.Separator) + include // unlike filepath.Join, follows a symlinked context dir as docker build does
+		err := filepath.WalkDir(root, func(file string, entry fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
+			if err != nil {
+				return leaveOut(ctx, file, err)
+			}
+			rel, err := filepath.Rel(contextDir, file)
+			if err != nil || rel == "." {
+				return nil
+			}
+			if rel != include {
+				for len(parents) > 0 && !strings.HasPrefix(rel, parents[len(parents)-1].dir+string(filepath.Separator)) {
+					parents = parents[:len(parents)-1]
+				}
+				var parentInfo patternmatcher.MatchInfo
+				if len(parents) > 0 {
+					parentInfo = parents[len(parents)-1].info
+				}
+				skip, info, err := pm.MatchesUsingParentResults(rel, parentInfo)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				if entry.IsDir() {
+					parents = append(parents, parentMatch{rel, info})
+				}
+				if skip {
+					if entry.IsDir() && !hasExceptionWithin(pm, rel) {
+						return filepath.SkipDir
+					}
+					return nil
+				}
+			}
+			if seen[rel] {
+				return nil
+			}
+			seen[rel] = true
+			return addBuildContextEntry(ctx, tw, file, rel, entry, hardlinks, buffer)
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return tw.Close()
+}
+
+type parentMatch struct {
+	dir  string
+	info patternmatcher.MatchInfo
+}
+
+func hasExceptionWithin(pm *patternmatcher.PatternMatcher, dir string) bool {
+	dirPrefix := dir + string(filepath.Separator)
+	for _, pattern := range pm.Patterns() {
+		if pattern.Exclusion() && strings.HasPrefix(pattern.String()+string(filepath.Separator), dirPrefix) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func leaveOut(ctx context.Context, file string, err error) error {
+	common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("Leaving %s out of the build context: %v", file, err)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func addBuildContextEntry(ctx context.Context, tw *tar.Writer, file, rel string, entry fs.DirEntry, hardlinks map[uint64]string, buffer []byte) error {
+	info, err := entry.Info()
+	if err != nil {
+		return leaveOut(ctx, file, err)
+	}
+	if info.Mode()&fs.ModeSocket != 0 {
+		return nil // tar has no socket type
+	}
+	var link string
+	if info.Mode()&fs.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+		if link, err = os.Readlink(file); err != nil {
+			return leaveOut(ctx, file, err)
+		}
+	}
+	header, err := tar.FileInfoHeader(noNameLookups{info}, link)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	header.Name = filepath.ToSlash(rel)
+	inode, linked := hardlinkInode(info)
+	if target, ok := hardlinks[inode]; linked && ok {
+		header.Typeflag, header.Linkname, header.Size = tar.TypeLink, target, 0
+	}
+	var content *os.File
+	if header.Typeflag == tar.TypeReg && header.Size > 0 {
+		if content, err = os.Open(file); err != nil {
+			return leaveOut(ctx, file, err)
+		}
+		defer content.Close()
+	}
+	if linked && header.Typeflag != tar.TypeLink {
+		hardlinks[inode] = header.Name
+	}
+	if info.IsDir() {
+		header.Name += "/"
+	}
+	header.Format = tar.FormatPAX
+	header.ModTime = header.ModTime.Truncate(time.Second)
+	header.AccessTime, header.ChangeTime = time.Time{}, time.Time{}
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		header.Mode = header.Mode&0o755 | 0o111 // Windows has no exec bit, so mark everything executable like docker build
+	}
+	if err := tw.WriteHeader(header); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if content != nil {
+		_, err = io.CopyBuffer(tw, struct{ io.Reader }{content}, buffer) // hides os.File's WriteTo, which would allocate a buffer per file
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+type noNameLookups struct{ fs.FileInfo } // leaves Uname and Gname empty like docker build, so packing never waits on NSS
+
+func (noNameLookups) Uname() (string, error) { return "", nil }
+
+func (noNameLookups) Gname() (string, error) { return "", nil }

act/container/docker_build_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || windows || netbsd))
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestCreateBuildContextFollowsDockerignoreAndSymlinkedRootButKeepsDockerfile(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	for name, content := range map[string]string{
+		".dockerignore": "*.log\nbuild\n!build/keep.txt\nDockerfile", "Dockerfile": "FROM scratch", "a.txt": "a",
+		"a.log": "log", "build/drop.txt": "drop", "build/keep.txt": "keep",
+	} {
+		require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(dir, filepath.Dir(name)), 0o755))
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, name), []byte(content), 0o644))
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(dir, "empty"), 0o755))
+
+	contexts := []string{dir}
+	if link := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "link"); os.Symlink(dir, link) == nil {
+		contexts = append(contexts, link+string(filepath.Separator))
+	}
+
+	for _, contextDir := range contexts {
+		buildContext, err := createBuildContext(t.Context(), contextDir, "Dockerfile")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		var names []string
+		for reader := tar.NewReader(buildContext); ; {
+			header, err := reader.Next()
+			if err == io.EOF {
+				break
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			names = append(names, header.Name)
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, buildContext.Close())
+		require.Equal(t, []string{".dockerignore", "a.txt", "build/keep.txt", "empty/", "Dockerfile"}, names, contextDir)
+	}
+}

act/container/docker_build_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !WITHOUT_DOCKER && (linux || darwin || netbsd)
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"io/fs"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+func hardlinkInode(info fs.FileInfo) (uint64, bool) {
+	if stat, ok := info.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t); ok && !info.IsDir() && stat.Nlink > 1 {
+		return stat.Ino, true
+	}
+	return 0, false
+}

act/container/docker_build_unix_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !WITHOUT_DOCKER && (linux || darwin || netbsd)
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestCreateBuildContextKeepsHardlinkedSpecialFilesLinked(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, syscall.Mkfifo(filepath.Join(dir, "first"), 0o644))
+	require.NoError(t, os.Link(filepath.Join(dir, "first"), filepath.Join(dir, "second")))
+
+	buildContext, err := createBuildContext(t.Context(), dir, "Dockerfile")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer buildContext.Close()
+	reader := tar.NewReader(buildContext)
+	first, err := reader.Next()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, byte(tar.TypeFifo), first.Typeflag)
+	second, err := reader.Next()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, byte(tar.TypeLink), second.Typeflag)
+	assert.Equal(t, first.Name, second.Linkname)
+}

act/container/docker_build_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !WITHOUT_DOCKER
+
+package container
+
+import "io/fs"
+
+func hardlinkInode(_info fs.FileInfo) (uint64, bool) { return 0, false }

act/container/docker_cli.go

@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@
 
 //go:build !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || windows || netbsd))
 
-// This file is exact copy of https://github.com/docker/cli/blob/4a63305d74332de5ceba7fcbccbc3cbb7412f5ba/cli/command/container/opts.go with:
+// This file is based on https://github.com/docker/cli/blob/4a63305d74332de5ceba7fcbccbc3cbb7412f5ba/cli/command/container/opts.go with:
 // * appended with license information
-// * regexp and loader.ParseVolume in place of the import-restricted internal/lazyregexp and internal/volumespec
+// * regexp and ParseVolume in place of the import-restricted internal/lazyregexp and internal/volumespec
+// * cdiDeviceName in place of the container-device-interface parser's IsQualifiedName
 // * jsontext in place of json.Compact for the seccomp profile
-// * invalidParameter from the package's errors.go, and convertPortSet/convertPortMap for the callers in docker_run.go
+// * invalidParameter from the package's errors.go, and convertPortSet/convertPortMap for nat port types
 //
 // docker/cli is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
 // See DOCKER_LICENSE for the full license text.
@@ -33,14 +34,12 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	cerrdefs "github.com/containerd/errdefs"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/compose/loader"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/opts"
 	"github.com/docker/go-connections/nat"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/container"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/mount"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/network"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
-	cdi "tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/pkg/parser"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -155,9 +154,6 @@ type containerOptions struct {
 	init                bool
 	umask               opts.UmaskOpt
 	annotations         *opts.MapOpts
-
-	Image string
-	Args  []string
 }
 
 // addFlags adds all command line flags that will be used by parse to the FlagSet
@@ -388,7 +384,7 @@ func parse(flags *pflag.FlagSet, copts *containerOptions, serverOS string) (*con
 	volumes := copts.volumes.GetMap()
 	// add any bind targets to the list of container volumes
 	for bind := range volumes {
-		parsed, err := loader.ParseVolume(bind)
+		parsed, err := ParseVolume(bind)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -396,7 +392,7 @@ func parse(flags *pflag.FlagSet, copts *containerOptions, serverOS string) (*con
 		if parsed.Source != "" {
 			toBind := bind
 
-			if parsed.Type == string(mount.TypeBind) {
+			if parsed.Type == mount.TypeBind {
 				if hostPart, targetPath, ok := strings.Cut(bind, ":"); ok {
 					if !filepath.IsAbs(hostPart) && strings.HasPrefix(hostPart, ".") {
 						if absHostPart, err := filepath.Abs(hostPart); err == nil {
@@ -423,12 +419,7 @@ func parse(flags *pflag.FlagSet, copts *containerOptions, serverOS string) (*con
 		tmpfs[k] = v
 	}
 
-	var runCmd, entrypoint []string
+	var entrypoint []string
-
-	if len(copts.Args) > 0 {
-		runCmd = copts.Args
-	}
-
 	if copts.entrypoint != "" {
 		entrypoint = []string{copts.entrypoint}
 	} else if flags.Changed("entrypoint") {
@@ -449,36 +440,15 @@ func parse(flags *pflag.FlagSet, copts *containerOptions, serverOS string) (*con
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	portBindings := network.PortMap{}
+	portBindings, err := convertPortMap(natPortBindings)
-	for port, bindings := range natPortBindings {
+	if err != nil {
-		p, err := network.ParsePort(string(port))
+		return nil, err
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		portBindings[p] = []network.PortBinding{}
-		for _, b := range bindings {
-			var hostIP netip.Addr
-			if b.HostIP != "" {
-				hostIP, err = netip.ParseAddr(b.HostIP)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-			}
-			portBindings[p] = append(portBindings[p], network.PortBinding{
-				HostIP:   hostIP,
-				HostPort: b.HostPort,
-			})
-		}
 	}
 
 	// Add published ports as exposed ports.
-	exposedPorts := network.PortSet{}
+	exposedPorts, err := convertPortSet(ports)
-	for port := range ports {
+	if err != nil {
-		p, err := network.ParsePort(string(port))
+		return nil, err
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		exposedPorts[p] = struct{}{}
 	}
 
 	// Merge in exposed ports to the map of published ports
@@ -504,7 +474,7 @@ func parse(flags *pflag.FlagSet, copts *containerOptions, serverOS string) (*con
 	deviceMappings := make([]container.DeviceMapping, 0, len(devices))
 	cdiDeviceNames := make([]string, 0, len(devices))
 	for _, device := range devices {
-		if cdi.IsQualifiedName(device) {
+		if cdiDeviceName.MatchString(device) {
 			cdiDeviceNames = append(cdiDeviceNames, device)
 			continue
 		}
@@ -619,11 +589,10 @@ func parse(flags *pflag.FlagSet, copts *containerOptions, serverOS string) (*con
 
 	deviceRequests := copts.gpus.Value()
 	if len(cdiDeviceNames) > 0 {
-		cdiDeviceRequest := container.DeviceRequest{
+		deviceRequests = append(deviceRequests, container.DeviceRequest{
 			Driver:    "cdi",
 			DeviceIDs: cdiDeviceNames,
-		}
+		})
-		deviceRequests = append(deviceRequests, cdiDeviceRequest)
 	}
 
 	resources := container.Resources{
@@ -669,8 +638,6 @@ func parse(flags *pflag.FlagSet, copts *containerOptions, serverOS string) (*con
 		AttachStdout: attachStdout,
 		AttachStderr: attachStderr,
 		Env:          envVariables,
-		Cmd:          runCmd,
-		Image:        copts.Image,
 		Volumes:      volumes,
 		Entrypoint:   entrypoint,
 		WorkingDir:   copts.workingDir,
@@ -811,10 +778,8 @@ func parseNetworkOpts(copts *containerOptions) (map[string]*network.EndpointSett
 		// For backward compatibility: if no custom options are provided for the network,
 		// and only a single network is specified, omit the endpoint-configuration
 		// on the client (the daemon will still create it when creating the container)
-		if i == 0 && len(copts.netMode.Value()) == 1 {
+		if i == 0 && len(copts.netMode.Value()) == 1 && reflect.ValueOf(*ep).IsZero() {
-			if ep == nil || reflect.ValueOf(*ep).IsZero() {
+			continue
-				continue
-			}
 		}
 		endpoints[n.Target] = ep
 	}
@@ -845,14 +810,12 @@ func applyContainerOptions(n *opts.NetworkAttachmentOpts, copts *containerOption
 		return invalidParameter(errors.New("conflicting options: cannot specify both --link-local-ip and per-network link-local IP addresses"))
 	}
 	if copts.aliases.Len() > 0 {
-		n.Aliases = make([]string, copts.aliases.Len())
+		n.Aliases = slices.Clone(copts.aliases.GetSlice())
-		copy(n.Aliases, copts.aliases.GetSlice())
 	}
 	// For a user-defined network, "--link" is an endpoint option, it creates an alias. But,
 	// for the default bridge it defines a legacy-link.
 	if container.NetworkMode(n.Target).IsUserDefined() && copts.links.Len() > 0 {
-		n.Links = make([]string, copts.links.Len())
+		n.Links = slices.Clone(copts.links.GetSlice())
-		copy(n.Links, copts.links.GetSlice())
 	}
 	if copts.ipv4Address != nil {
 		if ipv4, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(copts.ipv4Address.To4()); ok {
@@ -891,7 +854,6 @@ func parseNetworkAttachmentOpt(ep opts.NetworkAttachmentOpts) (*network.Endpoint
 	}
 	epConfig.Aliases = append(epConfig.Aliases, ep.Aliases...)
 	if len(ep.DriverOpts) > 0 {
-		epConfig.DriverOpts = make(map[string]string)
 		epConfig.DriverOpts = ep.DriverOpts
 	}
 	if len(ep.Links) > 0 {
@@ -935,11 +897,10 @@ func convertToStandardNotation(ports []string) ([]string, error) {
 }
 
 func parseLoggingOpts(loggingDriver string, loggingOpts []string) (map[string]string, error) {
-	loggingOptsMap := opts.ConvertKVStringsToMap(loggingOpts)
 	if loggingDriver == "none" && len(loggingOpts) > 0 {
 		return map[string]string{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid logging opts for driver %s", loggingDriver)
 	}
-	return loggingOptsMap, nil
+	return opts.ConvertKVStringsToMap(loggingOpts), nil
 }
 
 // takes a local seccomp daemon, reads the file contents for sending to the daemon
@@ -1197,6 +1158,8 @@ func convertPortSet(ports nat.PortSet) (network.PortSet, error) {
 	return converted, nil
 }
 
+var cdiDeviceName = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-zA-Z]([a-zA-Z0-9_.-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])?/[a-zA-Z]([a-zA-Z0-9_.-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])?=[a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9_.:-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])?$`)
+
 func convertPortMap(bindings nat.PortMap) (network.PortMap, error) {
 	converted := make(network.PortMap, len(bindings))
 	for port, portBindings := range bindings {

act/container/docker_cli_test.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
-// This file is exact copy of https://github.com/docker/cli/blob/4a63305d74332de5ceba7fcbccbc3cbb7412f5ba/cli/command/container/opts_test.go with:
+// This file is based on https://github.com/docker/cli/blob/4a63305d74332de5ceba7fcbccbc3cbb7412f5ba/cli/command/container/opts_test.go with:
 // * appended with license information
 // * added tests for the locally changed parseDevice, validateDevice and invalidParameter
 //
@@ -25,13 +25,11 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/cmpopts"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/container"
 	networktypes "github.com/moby/moby/api/types/network"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
-	"gotest.tools/v3/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	is "gotest.tools/v3/assert/cmp"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"gotest.tools/v3/skip"
 )
 
 func mustParseMAC(s string) networktypes.HardwareAddr {
@@ -71,7 +69,6 @@ func parseRun(args []string) (*container.Config, *container.HostConfig, *network
 	if err := flags.Parse(args); err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, nil, err
 	}
-	// TODO(dnephin): fix tests to accept ContainerConfig; see https://github.com/moby/moby/pull/31621
 	containerCfg, err := parse(flags, copts, runtime.GOOS)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, nil, err
@@ -83,14 +80,13 @@ func setupRunFlags() (*pflag.FlagSet, *containerOptions) {
 	flags := pflag.NewFlagSet("run", pflag.ContinueOnError)
 	flags.SetOutput(io.Discard)
 	flags.Usage = nil
-	copts := addFlags(flags)
+	return flags, addFlags(flags)
-	return flags, copts
 }
 
 func mustParse(t *testing.T, args string) (*container.Config, *container.HostConfig, *networktypes.NetworkingConfig) {
 	t.Helper()
-	config, hostConfig, nwConfig, err := parseRun(append(strings.Split(args, " "), "ubuntu", "bash"))
+	config, hostConfig, nwConfig, err := parseRun(strings.Split(args, " "))
-	assert.NilError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	return config, hostConfig, nwConfig
 }
 
@@ -156,12 +152,12 @@ func TestParseRunLinks(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tc := range tests {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			_, hostConfig, netConfig := mustParse(t, tc.input)
-			assert.Check(t, is.DeepEqual(hostConfig.Links, tc.expHostConfigLinks))
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expHostConfigLinks, hostConfig.Links)
-			assert.Check(t, is.Len(netConfig.EndpointsConfig, len(tc.expNetConfigLinks)))
+			assert.Len(t, netConfig.EndpointsConfig, len(tc.expNetConfigLinks))
 			for netName, expLinks := range tc.expNetConfigLinks {
 				nc, ok := netConfig.EndpointsConfig[netName]
-				assert.Assert(t, ok)
+				require.True(t, ok)
-				assert.Check(t, is.DeepEqual(nc.Links, expLinks))
+				assert.Equal(t, expLinks, nc.Links)
 			}
 		})
 	}
@@ -169,65 +165,33 @@ func TestParseRunLinks(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestParseRunWithoutUmask(t *testing.T) {
 	_, hostConfig, _, err := parseRun([]string{"ubuntu", "bash"})
-	assert.NilError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Assert(t, hostConfig.Umask == nil)
+	require.Nil(t, hostConfig.Umask)
 }
 
 func TestParseRunUmask(t *testing.T) {
 	_, hostConfig, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--umask", "0022", "ubuntu", "bash"})
-	assert.NilError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Assert(t, hostConfig.Umask != nil)
+	require.NotNil(t, hostConfig.Umask)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint32(0o22), *hostConfig.Umask)
+	require.Equal(t, uint32(0o22), *hostConfig.Umask)
 }
 
 func TestParseRunAttach(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
-		input    string
+		input                 string
-		expected container.Config
+		stdin, stdout, stderr bool
 	}{
-		{
+		{"", false, true, true},
-			input: "",
+		{"-i", true, true, true},
-			expected: container.Config{
+		{"-a stdin", true, false, false},
-				AttachStdout: true,
+		{"-a stdin -a stdout", true, true, false},
-				AttachStderr: true,
+		{"-a stdin -a stdout -a stderr", true, true, true},
-			},
+	} {
-		},
-		{
-			input: "-i",
-			expected: container.Config{
-				AttachStdin:  true,
-				AttachStdout: true,
-				AttachStderr: true,
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			input: "-a stdin",
-			expected: container.Config{
-				AttachStdin: true,
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			input: "-a stdin -a stdout",
-			expected: container.Config{
-				AttachStdin:  true,
-				AttachStdout: true,
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			input: "-a stdin -a stdout -a stderr",
-			expected: container.Config{
-				AttachStdin:  true,
-				AttachStdout: true,
-				AttachStderr: true,
-			},
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tc := range tests {
 		t.Run(tc.input, func(t *testing.T) {
 			config, _, _ := mustParse(t, tc.input)
-			assert.Equal(t, config.AttachStdin, tc.expected.AttachStdin)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.stdin, config.AttachStdin)
-			assert.Equal(t, config.AttachStdout, tc.expected.AttachStdout)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.stdout, config.AttachStdout)
-			assert.Equal(t, config.AttachStderr, tc.expected.AttachStderr)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.stderr, config.AttachStderr)
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -273,109 +237,52 @@ func TestParseRunWithInvalidArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	flags, _ := setupRunFlags()
 	for _, tc := range tests {
 		t.Run(strings.Join(tc.args, " "), func(t *testing.T) {
-			assert.Error(t, flags.Parse(tc.args), tc.error)
+			require.EqualError(t, flags.Parse(tc.args), tc.error)
 		})
 	}
 }
 
-func TestParseWithVolumes(t *testing.T) { //nolint:gocyclo // verbatim copy from docker/cli tests
+func TestParseWithVolumes(t *testing.T) {
-	// A single volume
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
-	arr, tryit := setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/tmp`}, []string{`c:\tmp`})
+		unix, windows []string
-	if config, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds != nil {
+		binds         int
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %q should not mount-bind anything. Received %v", tryit, hostConfig.Binds)
+	}{
-	} else if _, exists := config.Volumes[arr[0]]; !exists {
+		{[]string{`/tmp`}, []string{`c:\tmp`}, 0},
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %q is missing from volumes. Received %v", tryit, config.Volumes)
+		{[]string{`/tmp`, `/var`}, []string{`c:\tmp`, `c:\var`}, 0},
-	}
+		{[]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp`}, []string{os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp`}, 1},
-
+		{[]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp`, `/hostVar:/containerVar`}, []string{os.Getenv("ProgramData") + `:c:\ContainerPD`, os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp`}, 2},
-	// Two volumes
+		{[]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp:ro`, `/hostVar:/containerVar:rw`}, []string{os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp:rw`, os.Getenv("ProgramData") + `:c:\ContainerPD:rw`}, 2},
-	arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/tmp`, `/var`}, []string{`c:\tmp`, `c:\var`})
+		{[]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp:ro,Z`, `/hostVar:/containerVar:rw,Z`}, nil, 2},
-	if config, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds != nil {
+		{[]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp:Z`, `/hostVar:/containerVar:z`}, nil, 2},
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %q should not mount-bind anything. Received %v", tryit, hostConfig.Binds)
+		{[]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp`, `/containerVar`}, []string{os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp`, `c:\containerTmp`}, 1},
-	} else if _, exists := config.Volumes[arr[0]]; !exists {
+		{nil, []string{os.Getenv("SystemDrive") + `\:d:`}, 1},
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %s is missing from volumes. Received %v", arr[0], config.Volumes)
+	} {
-	} else if _, exists := config.Volumes[arr[1]]; !exists {
+		volumes := tc.unix
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %s is missing from volumes. Received %v", arr[1], config.Volumes)
+		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-	}
+			volumes = tc.windows
-
-	// A single bind mount
-	arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp`}, []string{os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp`})
-	if config, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || hostConfig.Binds[0] != arr[0] {
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %q should mount-bind the path before the colon into the path after the colon. Received %v %v", arr[0], hostConfig.Binds, config.Volumes)
-	}
-
-	// Two bind mounts.
-	arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp`, `/hostVar:/containerVar`}, []string{os.Getenv("ProgramData") + `:c:\ContainerPD`, os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp`})
-	if _, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || compareRandomizedStrings(hostConfig.Binds[0], hostConfig.Binds[1], arr[0], arr[1]) != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, `%s and %s` did not mount-bind correctly. Received %v", arr[0], arr[1], hostConfig.Binds)
-	}
-
-	// Two bind mounts, first read-only, second read-write.
-	// TODO Windows: The Windows version uses read-write as that's the only mode it supports. Can change this post TP4
-	arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume(
-		[]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp:ro`, `/hostVar:/containerVar:rw`},
-		[]string{os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp:rw`, os.Getenv("ProgramData") + `:c:\ContainerPD:rw`})
-	if _, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || compareRandomizedStrings(hostConfig.Binds[0], hostConfig.Binds[1], arr[0], arr[1]) != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, `%s and %s` did not mount-bind correctly. Received %v", arr[0], arr[1], hostConfig.Binds)
-	}
-
-	// Similar to previous test but with alternate modes which are only supported by Linux
-	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
-		arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp:ro,Z`, `/hostVar:/containerVar:rw,Z`}, []string{})
-		if _, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || compareRandomizedStrings(hostConfig.Binds[0], hostConfig.Binds[1], arr[0], arr[1]) != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, `%s and %s` did not mount-bind correctly. Received %v", arr[0], arr[1], hostConfig.Binds)
 		}
-
+		if len(volumes) == 0 {
-		arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp:Z`, `/hostVar:/containerVar:z`}, []string{})
+			continue
-		if _, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || compareRandomizedStrings(hostConfig.Binds[0], hostConfig.Binds[1], arr[0], arr[1]) != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, `%s and %s` did not mount-bind correctly. Received %v", arr[0], arr[1], hostConfig.Binds)
 		}
+		t.Run(strings.Join(volumes, ","), func(t *testing.T) {
+			var args []string
+			for _, volume := range volumes {
+				args = append(args, "-v", volume)
+			}
+			config, hostConfig, _, err := parseRun(args)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			if tc.binds == 0 {
+				assert.Nil(t, hostConfig.Binds)
+			} else {
+				assert.ElementsMatch(t, volumes[:tc.binds], hostConfig.Binds)
+			}
+			expectedVolumes := map[string]struct{}{}
+			for _, volume := range volumes[tc.binds:] {
+				expectedVolumes[volume] = struct{}{}
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, expectedVolumes, config.Volumes)
+		})
 	}
-
-	// One bind mount and one volume
-	arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp`, `/containerVar`}, []string{os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp`, `c:\containerTmp`})
-	if config, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || len(hostConfig.Binds) > 1 || hostConfig.Binds[0] != arr[0] {
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %s and %s should only one and only one bind mount %s. Received %s", arr[0], arr[1], arr[0], hostConfig.Binds)
-	} else if _, exists := config.Volumes[arr[1]]; !exists {
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags %s and %s. %s is missing from volumes. Received %v", arr[0], arr[1], arr[1], config.Volumes)
-	}
-
-	// Root to non-c: drive letter (Windows specific)
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{}, []string{os.Getenv("SystemDrive") + `\:d:`})
-		if config, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || len(hostConfig.Binds) > 1 || hostConfig.Binds[0] != arr[0] || len(config.Volumes) != 0 {
-			t.Fatalf("Error parsing %s. Should have a single bind mount and no volumes", arr[0])
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// setupPlatformVolume takes two arrays of volume specs - a Unix style
-// spec and a Windows style spec. Depending on the platform being unit tested,
-// it returns one of them, along with a volume string that would be passed
-// on the docker CLI (e.g. -v /bar -v /foo).
-func setupPlatformVolume(u, w []string) ([]string, string) {
-	var a []string
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		a = w
-	} else {
-		a = u
-	}
-	s := ""
-	for _, v := range a {
-		s = s + "-v " + v + " "
-	}
-	return a, s
-}
-
-// check if (a == c && b == d) || (a == d && b == c)
-// because maps are randomized
-func compareRandomizedStrings(a, b, c, d string) error {
-	if a == c && b == d {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if a == d && b == c {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return errors.New("strings don't match")
 }
 
 // Simple parse with MacAddress validation
@@ -396,66 +303,49 @@ func TestRunFlagsParseWithMemory(t *testing.T) {
 	flags, _ := setupRunFlags()
 	args := []string{"--memory=invalid", "img", "cmd"}
 	err := flags.Parse(args)
-	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, `invalid argument "invalid" for "-m, --memory" flag`)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, `invalid argument "invalid" for "-m, --memory" flag`)
 
 	_, hostconfig, _ := mustParse(t, "--memory=1G")
-	assert.Check(t, is.Equal(int64(1073741824), hostconfig.Memory))
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1073741824), hostconfig.Memory)
 }
 
 func TestParseWithMemorySwap(t *testing.T) {
 	flags, _ := setupRunFlags()
 	args := []string{"--memory-swap=invalid", "img", "cmd"}
 	err := flags.Parse(args)
-	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, `invalid argument "invalid" for "--memory-swap" flag`)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, `invalid argument "invalid" for "--memory-swap" flag`)
 
 	_, hostconfig, _ := mustParse(t, "--memory-swap=1G")
-	assert.Check(t, is.Equal(int64(1073741824), hostconfig.MemorySwap))
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1073741824), hostconfig.MemorySwap)
 
 	_, hostconfig, _ = mustParse(t, "--memory-swap=-1")
-	assert.Check(t, is.Equal(int64(-1), hostconfig.MemorySwap))
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(-1), hostconfig.MemorySwap)
 }
 
 func TestParseHostname(t *testing.T) {
-	validHostnames := map[string]string{
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
-		"hostname":    "hostname",
+		input, hostname, domainname string
-		"host-name":   "host-name",
+	}{
-		"hostname123": "hostname123",
+		{"--hostname=hostname", "hostname", ""},
-		"123hostname": "123hostname",
+		{"--hostname=host-name", "host-name", ""},
-		"hostname-of-63-bytes-long-should-be-valid-and-without-any-error": "hostname-of-63-bytes-long-should-be-valid-and-without-any-error",
+		{"--hostname=hostname123", "hostname123", ""},
-	}
+		{"--hostname=123hostname", "123hostname", ""},
-	hostnameWithDomain := "--hostname=hostname.domainname"
+		{"--hostname=hostname-of-63-bytes-long-should-be-valid-and-without-any-error", "hostname-of-63-bytes-long-should-be-valid-and-without-any-error", ""},
-	hostnameWithDomainTld := "--hostname=hostname.domainname.tld"
+		{"--hostname=hostname.domainname", "hostname.domainname", ""},
-	for hostname, expectedHostname := range validHostnames {
+		{"--hostname=hostname.domainname.tld", "hostname.domainname.tld", ""},
-		if config, _, _ := mustParse(t, "--hostname="+hostname); config.Hostname != expectedHostname {
+		{"--domainname=domainname", "", "domainname"},
-			t.Fatalf("Expected the config to have 'hostname' as %q, got %q", expectedHostname, config.Hostname)
+		{"--domainname=domain-name", "", "domain-name"},
-		}
+		{"--domainname=domainname123", "", "domainname123"},
-	}
+		{"--domainname=123domainname", "", "123domainname"},
-	if config, _, _ := mustParse(t, hostnameWithDomain); config.Hostname != "hostname.domainname" || config.Domainname != "" {
+		{"--domainname=domainname-63-bytes-long-should-be-valid-and-without-any-errors", "", "domainname-63-bytes-long-should-be-valid-and-without-any-errors"},
-		t.Fatalf("Expected the config to have 'hostname' as hostname.domainname, got %q", config.Hostname)
+		{"--hostname=some.prefix --domainname=domainname", "some.prefix", "domainname"},
-	}
+		{"--hostname=another-prefix --domainname=domainname.tld", "another-prefix", "domainname.tld"},
-	if config, _, _ := mustParse(t, hostnameWithDomainTld); config.Hostname != "hostname.domainname.tld" || config.Domainname != "" {
+	} {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected the config to have 'hostname' as hostname.domainname.tld, got %q", config.Hostname)
+		t.Run(tc.input, func(t *testing.T) {
-	}
+			config, _, _ := mustParse(t, tc.input)
-}
+			require.Equal(t, tc.hostname, config.Hostname)
-
+			require.Equal(t, tc.domainname, config.Domainname)
-func TestParseHostnameDomainname(t *testing.T) {
+		})
-	validDomainnames := map[string]string{
-		"domainname":    "domainname",
-		"domain-name":   "domain-name",
-		"domainname123": "domainname123",
-		"123domainname": "123domainname",
-		"domainname-63-bytes-long-should-be-valid-and-without-any-errors": "domainname-63-bytes-long-should-be-valid-and-without-any-errors",
-	}
-	for domainname, expectedDomainname := range validDomainnames {
-		if config, _, _ := mustParse(t, "--domainname="+domainname); config.Domainname != expectedDomainname {
-			t.Fatalf("Expected the config to have 'domainname' as %q, got %q", expectedDomainname, config.Domainname)
-		}
-	}
-	if config, _, _ := mustParse(t, "--hostname=some.prefix --domainname=domainname"); config.Hostname != "some.prefix" || config.Domainname != "domainname" {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected the config to have 'hostname' as 'some.prefix' and 'domainname' as 'domainname', got %q and %q", config.Hostname, config.Domainname)
-	}
-	if config, _, _ := mustParse(t, "--hostname=another-prefix --domainname=domainname.tld"); config.Hostname != "another-prefix" || config.Domainname != "domainname.tld" {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected the config to have 'hostname' as 'another-prefix' and 'domainname' as 'domainname.tld', got %q and %q", config.Hostname, config.Domainname)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -474,7 +364,7 @@ func TestParseWithExpose(t *testing.T) {
 		for expose, expectedError := range tests {
 			t.Run(expose, func(t *testing.T) {
 				_, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{fmt.Sprintf("--expose=%v", expose), "img", "cmd"})
-				assert.Error(t, err, expectedError)
+				require.EqualError(t, err, expectedError)
 			})
 		}
 	})
@@ -489,30 +379,38 @@ func TestParseWithExpose(t *testing.T) {
 		for expose, exposedPorts := range tests {
 			t.Run(expose, func(t *testing.T) {
 				config, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{fmt.Sprintf("--expose=%v", expose), "img", "cmd"})
-				assert.NilError(t, err)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
 				for _, port := range exposedPorts {
 					_, ok := config.ExposedPorts[port]
-					assert.Check(t, ok, "missing port %q in exposed ports: %#+v", port, config.ExposedPorts[port])
+					assert.True(t, ok, "missing port %q in exposed ports: %#+v", port, config.ExposedPorts[port])
 				}
 			})
 		}
 	})
 
 	t.Run("merge with published", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Merge with actual published port
+		config, hostConfig, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--publish=80", "--publish=127.0.0.1:8080:80", "--publish=[::1]:8081:80", "--expose=80-81/tcp"})
-		config, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--publish=80", "--expose=80-81/tcp", "img", "cmd"})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.NilError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, networktypes.PortMap{
-		assert.Check(t, is.Len(config.ExposedPorts, 2))
+			networktypes.MustParsePort("80/tcp"): {
+				{},
+				{HostIP: netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1"), HostPort: "8080"},
+				{HostIP: netip.MustParseAddr("::1"), HostPort: "8081"},
+			},
+		}, hostConfig.PortBindings)
+		assert.Len(t, config.ExposedPorts, 2)
 		ports := []networktypes.Port{networktypes.MustParsePort("80/tcp"), networktypes.MustParsePort("81/tcp")}
 		for _, port := range ports {
 			_, ok := config.ExposedPorts[port]
-			assert.Check(t, ok, "missing port %q in exposed ports: %#+v", port, config.ExposedPorts[port])
+			assert.True(t, ok, "missing port %q in exposed ports: %#+v", port, config.ExposedPorts[port])
 		}
 	})
 }
 
 func TestParseDevice(t *testing.T) {
-	skip.If(t, runtime.GOOS != "linux") // Windows and macOS validate server-side
+	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" {
+		t.Skip("Windows and macOS validate server-side")
+	}
 	testCases := []struct {
 		devices        []string
 		deviceMapping  *container.DeviceMapping
@@ -586,17 +484,17 @@ func TestParseDevice(t *testing.T) {
 
 			_, hostconfig, _, err := parseRun(args)
 
-			assert.NilError(t, err)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			if tc.deviceMapping != nil {
-				if assert.Check(t, is.Len(hostconfig.Devices, 1)) {
+				if assert.Len(t, hostconfig.Devices, 1) {
-					assert.Check(t, is.DeepEqual(*tc.deviceMapping, hostconfig.Devices[0]))
+					assert.Equal(t, *tc.deviceMapping, hostconfig.Devices[0])
 				}
 			} else {
-				assert.Check(t, is.Len(hostconfig.Devices, 0))
+				assert.Empty(t, hostconfig.Devices)
 			}
 
-			assert.Check(t, is.DeepEqual(tc.deviceRequests, hostconfig.DeviceRequests))
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.deviceRequests, hostconfig.DeviceRequests)
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -665,11 +563,11 @@ func TestParseDeviceByServerOS(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			got, err := parseDevice(tc.device, tc.serverOS)
 			if tc.wantErr != "" {
-				assert.Error(t, err, tc.wantErr)
+				require.EqualError(t, err, tc.wantErr)
 				return
 			}
-			assert.NilError(t, err)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.Equal(t, got, tc.want)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.want, got)
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -848,13 +746,13 @@ func TestParseNetworkConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			_, hConfig, nwConfig, err := parseRun(tc.flags)
 
 			if tc.expectedErr != "" {
-				assert.Error(t, err, tc.expectedErr)
+				require.EqualError(t, err, tc.expectedErr)
 				return
 			}
 
-			assert.NilError(t, err)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.DeepEqual(t, hConfig.NetworkMode, tc.expectedHostCfg.NetworkMode)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.expectedHostCfg.NetworkMode, hConfig.NetworkMode)
-			assert.DeepEqual(t, nwConfig.EndpointsConfig, tc.expected, cmpopts.EquateComparable(netip.Addr{}))
+			require.Equal(t, tc.expected, nwConfig.EndpointsConfig)
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -863,24 +761,24 @@ func TestParseModes(t *testing.T) {
 	// pid ko
 	flags, copts := setupRunFlags()
 	args := []string{"--pid=container:", "img", "cmd"}
-	assert.NilError(t, flags.Parse(args))
+	require.NoError(t, flags.Parse(args))
 	_, err := parse(flags, copts, runtime.GOOS)
-	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "--pid: invalid PID mode")
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "--pid: invalid PID mode")
 
 	// pid ok
 	_, hostconfig, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--pid=host", "img", "cmd"})
-	assert.NilError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	if !hostconfig.PidMode.Valid() {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected a valid PidMode, got %v", hostconfig.PidMode)
 	}
 
 	// uts ko
 	_, _, _, err = parseRun([]string{"--uts=container:", "img", "cmd"}) //nolint:dogsled // verbatim copy from docker/cli tests
-	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "--uts: invalid UTS mode")
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "--uts: invalid UTS mode")
 
 	// uts ok
 	_, hostconfig, _, err = parseRun([]string{"--uts=host", "img", "cmd"})
-	assert.NilError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	if !hostconfig.UTSMode.Valid() {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected a valid UTSMode, got %v", hostconfig.UTSMode)
 	}
@@ -892,11 +790,11 @@ func TestRunFlagsParseShmSize(t *testing.T) {
 	args := []string{"--shm-size=a128m", "img", "cmd"}
 	expectedErr := `invalid argument "a128m" for "--shm-size" flag:`
 	err := flags.Parse(args)
-	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, expectedErr)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, expectedErr)
 
 	// shm-size ok
 	_, hostconfig, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--shm-size=128m", "img", "cmd"})
-	assert.NilError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	if hostconfig.ShmSize != 134217728 {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected a valid ShmSize, got %d", hostconfig.ShmSize)
 	}
@@ -967,11 +865,11 @@ func TestParseRestartPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tc.input, func(t *testing.T) {
 			_, hostConfig, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--restart=" + tc.input, "img", "cmd"})
 			if tc.expectedErr != "" {
-				assert.Check(t, is.Error(err, tc.expectedErr))
+				assert.Nil(t, hostConfig)
-				assert.Check(t, is.Nil(hostConfig))
+				assert.EqualError(t, err, tc.expectedErr)
 			} else {
-				assert.NilError(t, err)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Check(t, is.DeepEqual(hostConfig.RestartPolicy, tc.expected))
+				assert.Equal(t, tc.expected, hostConfig.RestartPolicy)
 			}
 		})
 	}
@@ -980,45 +878,33 @@ func TestParseRestartPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 func TestParseRestartPolicyAutoRemove(t *testing.T) {
 	_, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--rm", "--restart=always", "img", "cmd"}) //nolint:dogsled // verbatim copy from docker/cli tests
 	const expected = "conflicting options: cannot specify both --restart and --rm"
-	assert.Check(t, is.Error(err, expected))
+	assert.EqualError(t, err, expected)
 }
 
 func TestParseHealth(t *testing.T) {
-	checkOk := func(args ...string) *container.HealthConfig {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
-		config, _, _, err := parseRun(args)
+		args     []string
-		if err != nil {
+		expected *container.HealthConfig
-			t.Fatalf("%#v: %v", args, err)
+		wantErr  string
-		}
+	}{
-		return config.Healthcheck
+		{[]string{"--no-healthcheck", "img", "cmd"}, &container.HealthConfig{Test: []string{"NONE"}}, ""},
-	}
+		{[]string{"--health-cmd=/check.sh -q", "img", "cmd"}, &container.HealthConfig{Test: []string{"CMD-SHELL", "/check.sh -q"}}, ""},
-	checkError := func(expected string, args ...string) {
+		{[]string{"--no-healthcheck", "--health-cmd=/check.sh -q", "img", "cmd"}, nil, "--no-healthcheck conflicts with --health-* options"},
-		config, _, _, err := parseRun(args)
+		{
-		if err == nil {
+			[]string{"--health-timeout=2s", "--health-retries=3", "--health-interval=4.5s", "--health-start-period=5s", "--health-start-interval=1s", "img", "cmd"},
-			t.Fatalf("Expected error, but got %#v", config)
+			&container.HealthConfig{Timeout: 2 * time.Second, Retries: 3, Interval: 4500 * time.Millisecond, StartPeriod: 5 * time.Second, StartInterval: time.Second},
-		}
+			"",
-		if err.Error() != expected {
+		},
-			t.Fatalf("Expected %#v, got %#v", expected, err)
+	} {
-		}
+		t.Run(strings.Join(tc.args, " "), func(t *testing.T) {
-	}
+			config, _, _, err := parseRun(tc.args)
-	health := checkOk("--no-healthcheck", "img", "cmd")
+			if tc.wantErr != "" {
-	if health == nil || len(health.Test) != 1 || health.Test[0] != "NONE" {
+				require.EqualError(t, err, tc.wantErr)
-		t.Fatalf("--no-healthcheck failed: %#v", health)
+			} else {
-	}
+				require.NoError(t, err)
-
+				require.Equal(t, tc.expected, config.Healthcheck)
-	health = checkOk("--health-cmd=/check.sh -q", "img", "cmd")
+			}
-	if len(health.Test) != 2 || health.Test[0] != "CMD-SHELL" || health.Test[1] != "/check.sh -q" {
+		})
-		t.Fatalf("--health-cmd: got %#v", health.Test)
-	}
-	if health.Timeout != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("--health-cmd: timeout = %s", health.Timeout)
-	}
-
-	checkError("--no-healthcheck conflicts with --health-* options",
-		"--no-healthcheck", "--health-cmd=/check.sh -q", "img", "cmd")
-
-	health = checkOk("--health-timeout=2s", "--health-retries=3", "--health-interval=4.5s", "--health-start-period=5s", "--health-start-interval=1s", "img", "cmd")
-	if health.Timeout != 2*time.Second || health.Retries != 3 || health.Interval != 4500*time.Millisecond || health.StartPeriod != 5*time.Second || health.StartInterval != 1*time.Second {
-		t.Fatalf("--health-*: got %#v", health)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1037,93 +923,66 @@ func TestParseLoggingOpts(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestParseEnvfileVariables(t *testing.T) { //nolint:dupl // verbatim copy from docker/cli tests
+func TestParseFileVariables(t *testing.T) {
-	expErr := "--env-file: open nonexistent: no such file or directory"
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		flag, file, key string
-		expErr = "--env-file: open nonexistent: The system cannot find the file specified."
+	}{
-	}
+		{"env", "valid.env", "ENV"},
-	// env ko
+		{"label", "valid.label", "LABEL"},
-	if _, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--env-file=nonexistent", "img", "cmd"}); err == nil || err.Error() != expErr {
+	} {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected an error with message '%s', got %v", expErr, err)
+		t.Run(tc.flag, func(t *testing.T) {
-	}
+			expectedError := "no such file or directory"
-	// env ok
+			if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-	config, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--env-file=testdata/valid.env", "img", "cmd"})
+				expectedError = "The system cannot find the file specified."
-	if err != nil {
+			}
-		t.Fatal(err)
+			_, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--" + tc.flag + "-file=nonexistent"})
-	}
+			require.EqualError(t, err, "--"+tc.flag+"-file: open nonexistent: "+expectedError)
-	if len(config.Env) != 1 || config.Env[0] != "ENV1=value1" {
+			for _, extra := range []bool{false, true} {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected a config with [ENV1=value1], got %v", config.Env)
+				args := []string{"--" + tc.flag + "-file=testdata/" + tc.file}
-	}
+				expected := []string{tc.key + "1=value1"}
-	config, _, _, err = parseRun([]string{"--env-file=testdata/valid.env", "--env=ENV2=value2", "img", "cmd"})
+				if extra {
-	if err != nil {
+					args = append(args, "--"+tc.flag+"="+tc.key+"2=value2")
-		t.Fatal(err)
+					expected = append(expected, tc.key+"2=value2")
-	}
+				}
-	if len(config.Env) != 2 || config.Env[0] != "ENV1=value1" || config.Env[1] != "ENV2=value2" {
+				config, _, _, err := parseRun(args)
-		t.Fatalf("Expected a config with [ENV1=value1 ENV2=value2], got %v", config.Env)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				if tc.flag == "env" {
+					assert.Equal(t, expected, config.Env)
+				} else {
+					assert.Len(t, config.Labels, len(expected))
+					for _, label := range expected {
+						key, value, _ := strings.Cut(label, "=")
+						assert.Equal(t, value, config.Labels[key])
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestParseEnvfileVariablesWithBOMUnicode(t *testing.T) {
-	// UTF8 with BOM
+	config, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--env-file=testdata/utf8.env"})
-	config, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--env-file=testdata/utf8.env", "img", "cmd"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
-	if err != nil {
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"FOO=BAR", "HELLO=您好", "BAR=FOO"}, config.Env)
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	env := []string{"FOO=BAR", "HELLO=" + string([]byte{0xe6, 0x82, 0xa8, 0xe5, 0xa5, 0xbd}), "BAR=FOO"}
-	if len(config.Env) != len(env) {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected a config with %d env variables, got %v: %v", len(env), len(config.Env), config.Env)
-	}
-	for i, v := range env {
-		if config.Env[i] != v {
-			t.Fatalf("Expected a config with [%s], got %v", v, []byte(config.Env[i]))
-		}
-	}
 
-	// UTF16 with BOM
+	for _, file := range []string{"utf16.env", "utf16be.env"} {
-	e := "invalid utf8 bytes at line"
+		t.Run(file, func(t *testing.T) {
-	if _, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--env-file=testdata/utf16.env", "img", "cmd"}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), e) {
+			_, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--env-file=testdata/" + file})
-		t.Fatalf("Expected an error with message '%s', got %v", e, err)
+			require.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid utf8 bytes at line")
-	}
+		})
-	// UTF16BE with BOM
-	if _, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--env-file=testdata/utf16be.env", "img", "cmd"}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), e) {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected an error with message '%s', got %v", e, err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestParseLabelfileVariables(t *testing.T) { //nolint:dupl // verbatim copy from docker/cli tests
-	expErr := "--label-file: open nonexistent: no such file or directory"
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		expErr = "--label-file: open nonexistent: The system cannot find the file specified."
-	}
-	// label ko
-	if _, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--label-file=nonexistent", "img", "cmd"}); err == nil || err.Error() != expErr {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected an error with message '%s', got %v", expErr, err)
-	}
-	// label ok
-	config, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--label-file=testdata/valid.label", "img", "cmd"})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if len(config.Labels) != 1 || config.Labels["LABEL1"] != "value1" {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected a config with [LABEL1:value1], got %v", config.Labels)
-	}
-	config, _, _, err = parseRun([]string{"--label-file=testdata/valid.label", "--label=LABEL2=value2", "img", "cmd"})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if len(config.Labels) != 2 || config.Labels["LABEL1"] != "value1" || config.Labels["LABEL2"] != "value2" {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected a config with [LABEL1:value1 LABEL2:value2], got %v", config.Labels)
 	}
 }
 
 func TestParseEntryPoint(t *testing.T) {
 	config, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--entrypoint=anything", "cmd", "img"})
-	assert.NilError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Check(t, is.DeepEqual(config.Entrypoint, []string{"anything"}))
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"anything"}, config.Entrypoint)
 }
 
 func TestValidateDevice(t *testing.T) {
-	skip.If(t, runtime.GOOS != "linux") // Windows and macOS validate server-side
+	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" {
+		t.Skip("Windows and macOS validate server-side")
+	}
 	valid := []string{
 		"/home",
 		"/home:/home",
@@ -1222,22 +1081,22 @@ func TestValidateDeviceByServerOS(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			got, err := validateDevice(tc.value, tc.serverOS)
 			if tc.wantError != "" {
-				assert.Error(t, err, tc.wantError)
+				require.EqualError(t, err, tc.wantError)
 				return
 			}
-			assert.NilError(t, err)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.Equal(t, got, tc.want)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.want, got)
 		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestDeviceCgroupRulesAndInvalidParameter(t *testing.T) {
 	got, err := validateDeviceCgroupRule("c 1:3 rwm")
-	assert.NilError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, got, "c 1:3 rwm")
+	require.Equal(t, "c 1:3 rwm", got)
 
 	_, err = validateDeviceCgroupRule("invalid")
-	assert.Error(t, err, "invalid device cgroup format 'invalid'")
+	require.EqualError(t, err, "invalid device cgroup format 'invalid'")
 
 	if invalidParameter(nil) != nil {
 		t.Fatal("invalidParameter(nil) should be nil")
@@ -1245,9 +1104,9 @@ func TestDeviceCgroupRulesAndInvalidParameter(t *testing.T) {
 	cause := errors.New("bad input")
 	err = invalidParameter(cause)
 	var invalid interface{ InvalidParameter() }
-	assert.Assert(t, errors.As(err, &invalid))
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &invalid)
-	assert.Assert(t, errors.Is(err, cause))
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, cause)
-	assert.Equal(t, invalidParameter(err), err) // already invalid, so not wrapped twice
+	require.Condition(t, func() bool { return invalidParameter(err) == err })
 }
 
 func TestParseSystemPaths(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1298,9 +1157,9 @@ func TestParseSystemPaths(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tc := range tests {
 		securityOpts, maskedPaths, readonlyPaths := parseSystemPaths(tc.in)
-		assert.DeepEqual(t, securityOpts, tc.out)
+		require.Equal(t, tc.out, securityOpts)
-		assert.DeepEqual(t, maskedPaths, tc.masked)
+		require.Equal(t, tc.masked, maskedPaths)
-		assert.DeepEqual(t, readonlyPaths, tc.readonly)
+		require.Equal(t, tc.readonly, readonlyPaths)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1322,9 +1181,9 @@ func TestConvertToStandardNotation(t *testing.T) {
 	for key, ports := range valid {
 		convertedPorts, err := convertToStandardNotation(ports)
 		if err != nil {
-			assert.NilError(t, err)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 		}
-		assert.DeepEqual(t, strings.Split(key, " "), convertedPorts)
+		require.Equal(t, strings.Split(key, " "), convertedPorts)
 	}
 
 	for _, ports := range invalid {

act/container/docker_images.go

@@ -58,18 +58,14 @@ func RemoveImage(ctx context.Context, imageName string, force, pruneChildren boo
 	}
 	defer cli.Close()
 
-	if _, err := cli.ImageInspect(ctx, imageName); cerrdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
+	if _, err = cli.ImageRemove(ctx, imageName, client.ImageRemoveOptions{
+		Force:         force,
+		PruneChildren: pruneChildren,
+	}); cerrdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
 		return false, nil
 	} else if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
 
-	if _, err = cli.ImageRemove(ctx, imageName, client.ImageRemoveOptions{
-		Force:         force,
-		PruneChildren: pruneChildren,
-	}); err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
 	return true, nil
 }

act/container/docker_images_test.go

@@ -66,4 +66,11 @@ func TestImageExistsLocally(t *testing.T) {
 	wrongPlatform, err := ImageExistsLocally(ctx, amd64Ref, "linux/arm64")
 	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 	assert.False(t, wrongPlatform)
+
+	removed, err := RemoveImage(ctx, amd64Ref, false, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, removed)
+	removed, err = RemoveImage(ctx, amd64Ref, false, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, removed)
 }

act/container/docker_logger.go

@@ -33,18 +33,9 @@ func logDockerResponse(logger *logging.Logger, dockerResponse io.ReadCloser, isE
 	defer dockerResponse.Close()
 
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(dockerResponse)
-	msg := dockerMessage{}
-
 	for scanner.Scan() {
 		line := scanner.Bytes()
-
+		var msg dockerMessage
-		msg.ID = ""
-		msg.Stream = ""
-		msg.Error = ""
-		msg.ErrorDetail.Message = ""
-		msg.Status = ""
-		msg.Progress = ""
-
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(line, &msg); err != nil {
 			writeLog(logger, false, "Unable to unmarshal line [%s] ==> %v", string(line), err)
 			continue

act/container/docker_platform_test.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package container
 import (
 	"testing"
 
+	specs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
@@ -17,32 +18,17 @@ func TestParsePlatform(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Nil(t, got)
 	})
 
-	t.Run("os/arch", func(t *testing.T) {
+	for input, want := range map[string]specs.Platform{
-		got, err := parsePlatform("linux/amd64")
+		"linux/amd64":    {OS: "linux", Architecture: "amd64"},
-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		"linux/arm/v7":   {OS: "linux", Architecture: "arm", Variant: "v7"},
-		require.NotNil(t, got)
+		"Linux/AMD64/V8": {OS: "linux", Architecture: "amd64", Variant: "v8"},
-		assert.Equal(t, "linux", got.OS)
+	} {
-		assert.Equal(t, "amd64", got.Architecture)
+		t.Run(input, func(t *testing.T) {
-		assert.Empty(t, got.Variant)
+			got, err := parsePlatform(input)
-	})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
-
+			assert.Equal(t, &want, got)
-	t.Run("os/arch/variant", func(t *testing.T) {
+		})
-		got, err := parsePlatform("linux/arm/v7")
+	}
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotNil(t, got)
-		assert.Equal(t, "linux", got.OS)
-		assert.Equal(t, "arm", got.Architecture)
-		assert.Equal(t, "v7", got.Variant)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("input is lowercased", func(t *testing.T) {
-		got, err := parsePlatform("Linux/AMD64/V8")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotNil(t, got)
-		assert.Equal(t, "linux", got.OS)
-		assert.Equal(t, "amd64", got.Architecture)
-		assert.Equal(t, "v8", got.Variant)
-	})
 
 	for _, bad := range []string{
 		"amd64",

act/container/docker_proxy.go

@@ -48,6 +48,13 @@ var (
 	rawStreamPath = regexp.MustCompile(`^(/v[0-9.]+)?/(containers/[^/]+/attach|exec/[^/]+/start)$`)
 )
 
+var dockerProxyDirectories sync.Map
+
+type dockerProxyDirectory struct {
+	dir, daemonDir string
+	socket         os.FileInfo
+}
+
 func NewDockerProxy(ctx context.Context, job string) *DockerProxy {
 	if host := os.Getenv("DOCKER_HOST"); runtime.GOOS != "linux" || host != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(host, "unix://") {
 		return nil
@@ -63,15 +70,24 @@ func NewDockerProxy(ctx context.Context, job string) *DockerProxy {
 	if !ok {
 		return nil
 	}
-	if info, err := os.Stat(daemonSocket); err != nil || info.Mode()&os.ModeSocket == 0 {
+	socket, err := os.Stat(daemonSocket)
+	if err != nil || socket.Mode()&os.ModeSocket == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
-	dir, daemonDir := runnerContainerWorkdir(probeCtx, cli)
+	workdir, _ := os.Getwd()
-	seen := daemonDir != ""
+	key := [3]string{cli.DaemonHost(), workdir, os.TempDir()}
+	cached, _ := dockerProxyDirectories.Load(key)
+	directory, seen := cached.(dockerProxyDirectory)
+	seen = seen && os.SameFile(directory.socket, socket) // daemon replacement invalidates cached paths
+	dir, daemonDir := directory.dir, directory.daemonDir
 	if !seen {
-		if dir, err = filepath.Abs(os.TempDir()); err == nil {
+		dir, daemonDir = runnerContainerWorkdir(probeCtx, cli)
-			daemonDir = dir
+		seen = daemonDir != ""
-			seen, err = daemonSeesDir(probeCtx, cli, dir, daemonDir)
+		if !seen {
+			if dir, err = filepath.Abs(os.TempDir()); err == nil {
+				daemonDir = dir
+				seen, err = daemonSeesDir(probeCtx, cli, dir, daemonDir)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	if err != nil {
@@ -87,9 +103,11 @@ func NewDockerProxy(ctx context.Context, job string) *DockerProxy {
 	}
 	proxy, err := StartDockerProxy(daemonSocket, dir, job)
 	if err != nil {
+		dockerProxyDirectories.Delete(key)
 		common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("docker proxy not started, the job gets the daemon socket directly: %v", err)
 		return nil
 	}
+	dockerProxyDirectories.Store(key, dockerProxyDirectory{dir, daemonDir, socket})
 	proxy.Socket = daemonDir + strings.TrimPrefix(proxy.Socket, dir)
 	return proxy
 }

act/container/docker_proxy_test.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ func TestDockerProxy(t *testing.T) {
 	bodies := make(chan []byte, 8)
 	createStarted, releaseCreate := make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
 	streamsDone := make(chan struct{}, 2)
+	var probes atomic.Int32
 	daemonSocket := filepath.Join(shortTempDir(t), "d.sock")
 	listener, err := net.Listen("unix", daemonSocket)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -75,12 +77,28 @@ func TestDockerProxy(t *testing.T) {
 		switch {
 		case strings.HasSuffix(r.URL.Path, "/create"):
 			body, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+			if bytes.Contains(body, []byte(`"Image":"probe-image"`)) {
+				_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"Id":"probe"}`))
+				return
+			}
 			if r.URL.RawQuery == "wait" {
 				close(createStarted)
 				<-releaseCreate
 			}
 			bodies <- body
 			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
+		case strings.HasSuffix(r.URL.Path, "/images/json"):
+			if probes.Add(1) == 1 {
+				http.Error(w, "probe unavailable", http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
+				return
+			}
+			_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`[{"Id":"probe-image"}]`))
+		case strings.HasSuffix(r.URL.Path, "/json"):
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+		case strings.HasSuffix(r.URL.Path, "/archive"):
+			w.Header().Set("X-Docker-Container-Path-Stat", "e30=")
+		case r.Method == http.MethodDelete:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
 		case r.URL.Path == "/exec/detached/start" || r.URL.Path == "/exec/error/start":
 			if r.URL.Path == "/exec/error/start" {
 				w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/vnd.docker.raw-stream")
@@ -211,6 +229,31 @@ func TestDockerProxy(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, "OK GET /v1.47/_ping", string(body))
 	})
 
+	t.Run("discovery caches only successes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if runtime.GOOS != "linux" {
+			t.Skip("automatic proxy discovery requires Linux")
+		}
+		t.Setenv("DOCKER_HOST", "unix://"+daemonSocket)
+		t.Setenv("TMPDIR", shortTempDir(t))
+		require.Nil(t, NewDockerProxy(t.Context(), "failed"))
+		for _, job := range []string{"first", "second"} {
+			proxy := NewDockerProxy(t.Context(), job)
+			require.NotNil(t, proxy)
+			require.NoError(t, proxy.Close(context.Background()))
+		}
+		assert.EqualValues(t, 2, probes.Load())
+		dockerProxyDirectories.Range(func(key, value any) bool {
+			directory, _ := value.(dockerProxyDirectory)
+			directory.socket, _ = os.Stat(t.TempDir())
+			dockerProxyDirectories.Store(key, directory)
+			return true
+		})
+		proxy := NewDockerProxy(t.Context(), "replaced daemon")
+		require.NotNil(t, proxy)
+		require.NoError(t, proxy.Close(context.Background()))
+		assert.EqualValues(t, 3, probes.Load())
+	})
+
 	t.Run("tunnels raw streams through stdin EOF", func(t *testing.T) {
 		for _, stream := range []struct{ path, upgrade string }{
 			{path: "/v1.47/exec/abc/start"},

act/container/docker_pull_test.go

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging/logtest"
 
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/config"
 	assert "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
@@ -44,10 +43,7 @@ func TestCleanImage(t *testing.T) {
 func TestGetImagePullOptions(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := t.Context()
 
-	orig := config.Dir()
+	t.Setenv("DOCKER_CONFIG", "/non-existent/docker")
-	t.Cleanup(func() { config.SetDir(orig) })
-
-	config.SetDir("/non-existent/docker")
 
 	options, err := getImagePullOptions(ctx, NewDockerPullExecutorInput{})
 	assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create ImagePullOptions")                                                 //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
@@ -61,7 +57,7 @@ func TestGetImagePullOptions(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create ImagePullOptions") //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 	assert.Equal(t, "eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6InVzZXJuYW1lIiwicGFzc3dvcmQiOiJwYXNzd29yZCJ9", options.RegistryAuth, "Username and Password should be provided")
 
-	config.SetDir("testdata/docker-pull-options")
+	t.Setenv("DOCKER_CONFIG", "testdata/docker-pull-options")
 
 	options, err = getImagePullOptions(ctx, NewDockerPullExecutorInput{
 		Image: "nektos/act",

act/container/docker_run.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"net"
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -27,11 +28,8 @@ import (
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
 
-	"dario.cat/mergo"
 	"github.com/bmatcuk/doublestar/v4"
 	cerrdefs "github.com/containerd/errdefs"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/compose/loader"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/connhelper"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/opts"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/pkg/stdcopy"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/container"
@@ -52,15 +50,12 @@ const drainGracePeriod = 2 * time.Second
 
 // NewContainer creates a reference to a container
 func NewContainer(input *NewContainerInput) ExecutionsEnvironment {
-	cr := new(containerReference)
-	cr.input = input
 	// Resolved up front because the image pull runs before the container is created.
 	cf := createFlagsFromOptions(input.allOptions())
 	if cf.platform != "" {
-		cr.input.Platform = cf.platform
+		input.Platform = cf.platform
 	}
-	cr.pullPolicy = cf.pull
+	return &containerReference{input: input, pullPolicy: cf.pull}
-	return cr
 }
 
 // supportsContainerImagePlatform reports whether the Docker server API version
@@ -372,15 +367,13 @@ func GetDockerClient(ctx context.Context) (cli client.APIClient, err error) {
 	dockerHost := os.Getenv("DOCKER_HOST")
 
 	if strings.HasPrefix(dockerHost, "ssh://") {
-		var helper *connhelper.ConnectionHelper
+		var args []string
-
+		if args, err = sshArgs(dockerHost); err != nil {
-		helper, err = connhelper.GetConnectionHelper(dockerHost)
-		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		cli, err = client.New(
-			client.WithHost(helper.Host),
+			client.WithHost("http://docker.example.com"), // the dialer below ignores the address
-			client.WithDialContext(helper.Dialer),
+			client.WithDialContext(func(context.Context, string, string) (net.Conn, error) { return dialCommand("ssh", args...) }),
 		)
 	} else {
 		cli, err = client.New(client.FromEnv)
@@ -398,17 +391,16 @@ func GetDockerClient(ctx context.Context) (cli client.APIClient, err error) {
 	return cli, nil
 }
 
-func GetHostInfo(ctx context.Context) (info system.Info, err error) {
+func GetHostInfo(ctx context.Context) (system.Info, error) {
-	var cli client.APIClient
+	cli, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
-	cli, err = GetDockerClient(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return info, err
+		return system.Info{}, err
 	}
 	defer cli.Close()
 
 	result, err := cli.Info(ctx, client.InfoOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
-		return info, err
+		return system.Info{}, err
 	}
 
 	return result.Info, nil
@@ -480,22 +472,23 @@ func (cr *containerReference) find() common.Executor {
 			}
 			cr.id = ""
 		}
-		containers, err := cr.cli.ContainerList(ctx, client.ContainerListOptions{
+		result, err := cr.cli.ContainerInspect(ctx, cr.input.Name, client.ContainerInspectOptions{})
-			All: true,
+		if err == nil && result.Container.Name == "/"+cr.input.Name {
-		})
+			cr.id = result.Container.ID
+			return nil
+		} else if cerrdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		containers, err := cr.cli.ContainerList(ctx, client.ContainerListOptions{All: true}) // inspect also matches ids, and podman fails it with a 500 for a container removed mid-request
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to list containers: %w", err)
 		}
-
+		for _, candidate := range containers.Items {
-		for _, c := range containers.Items {
+			if slices.Contains(candidate.Names, "/"+cr.input.Name) {
-			for _, name := range c.Names {
+				cr.id = candidate.ID
-				if name[1:] == cr.input.Name {
+				break
-					cr.id = c.ID
-					return nil
-				}
 			}
 		}
-
 		return nil
 	}
 }
@@ -562,32 +555,32 @@ func (input *NewContainerInput) allOptions() string {
 	return strings.TrimSpace(input.RunnerOptions + " " + input.WorkflowOptions)
 }
 
-func (cr *containerReference) mergeContainerConfigs(ctx context.Context, config *container.Config, hostConfig *container.HostConfig) (*container.Config, *container.HostConfig, error) {
+func (cr *containerReference) mergeContainerConfigs(ctx context.Context, config *container.Config, hostConfig *container.HostConfig) error {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 	options := cr.input.allOptions()
 
 	if options == "" {
-		return config, hostConfig, nil
+		return nil
 	}
 
 	// For Gitea, checked here because the parse below is what would read those files
 	if err := rejectHostReadingOptions(cr.input.WorkflowOptions); err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
+		return err
 	}
 
 	// parse configuration from CLI container.options
 	flags, copts, cf, err := parseContainerOptions(options)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if err := cf.validate(); err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot process container options: '%s': '%w'", options, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot process container options: '%s': '%w'", options, err)
 	}
 
 	if len(copts.netMode.Value()) == 0 {
 		if err = copts.netMode.Set(cr.input.NetworkMode); err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse networkmode=%s. This is an internal error and should not happen: '%w'", cr.input.NetworkMode, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot parse networkmode=%s. This is an internal error and should not happen: '%w'", cr.input.NetworkMode, err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -600,7 +593,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) mergeContainerConfigs(ctx context.Context, config
 
 	containerConfig, err := parse(flags, copts, runtime.GOOS)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot process container options: '%s': '%w'", options, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot process container options: '%s': '%w'", options, err)
 	}
 	// workflow aliases join the runner's own, deduped so a re-create cannot grow the input
 	for _, endpoint := range containerConfig.NetworkingConfig.EndpointsConfig {
@@ -615,30 +608,24 @@ func (cr *containerReference) mergeContainerConfigs(ctx context.Context, config
 	if !hostConfig.Privileged {
 		trusted, err := parseOptionsHostConfig(cr.input.RunnerOptions)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, err
+			return err
 		}
 		sanitizeOptionsHostConfig(logger, containerConfig.HostConfig, trusted)
 	}
 
 	logger.Debugf("Custom container.Config from options ==> %+v", containerConfig.Config)
 
-	err = mergo.Merge(config, containerConfig.Config, mergo.WithOverride, mergo.WithAppendSlice)
+	overlay(reflect.ValueOf(config).Elem(), reflect.ValueOf(containerConfig.Config).Elem(), true)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot merge container.Config options: '%s': '%w'", options, err)
-	}
 	logger.Debugf("Merged container.Config ==> %+v", config)
 
 	logger.Debugf("Custom container.HostConfig from options ==> %+v", containerConfig.HostConfig)
 
-	cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, nil, containerConfig.HostConfig) // a dropped volume must not displace the runner's own
+	cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, containerConfig.HostConfig) // a dropped volume must not displace the runner's own
 	overlayVolumes(hostConfig, containerConfig.HostConfig)
 	binds := hostConfig.Binds
 	mounts := hostConfig.Mounts
 	networkMode := hostConfig.NetworkMode
-	err = mergo.Merge(hostConfig, containerConfig.HostConfig, mergo.WithOverride)
+	overlay(reflect.ValueOf(hostConfig).Elem(), reflect.ValueOf(containerConfig.HostConfig).Elem(), false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot merge container.HostConfig options: '%s': '%w'", options, err)
-	}
 	hostConfig.Binds = binds
 	hostConfig.Mounts = mounts
 	if cf.name != "" {
@@ -654,7 +641,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) mergeContainerConfigs(ctx context.Context, config
 	hostConfig.NetworkMode = networkMode
 	logger.Debugf("Merged container.HostConfig ==> %+v", hostConfig)
 
-	return config, hostConfig, nil
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (cr *containerReference) create(capAdd, capDrop []string) common.Executor {
@@ -720,8 +707,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) create(capAdd, capDrop []string) common.Executor {
 			AutoRemove:   input.AutoRemove,
 		}
 
-		config, hostConfig, err = cr.mergeContainerConfigs(ctx, config, hostConfig)
+		if err := cr.mergeContainerConfigs(ctx, config, hostConfig); err != nil {
-		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -730,18 +716,15 @@ func (cr *containerReference) create(capAdd, capDrop []string) common.Executor {
 		}
 
 		// For Gitea
-		config, hostConfig = cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, config, hostConfig)
+		cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, hostConfig)
 
 		var networkingConfig *network.NetworkingConfig
 		n := hostConfig.NetworkMode
 		// IsUserDefined and IsHost are broken on windows
 		if n.IsUserDefined() && n != "host" && len(input.NetworkAliases) > 0 {
-			endpointConfig := &network.EndpointSettings{
-				Aliases: input.NetworkAliases,
-			}
 			networkingConfig = &network.NetworkingConfig{
 				EndpointsConfig: map[string]*network.EndpointSettings{
-					input.NetworkMode: endpointConfig,
+					input.NetworkMode: {Aliases: input.NetworkAliases},
 				},
 			}
 		}
@@ -782,15 +765,11 @@ func (cr *containerReference) exec(cmd []string, env map[string]string, user, wo
 
 		logger.Debugf("Exec command '%s'", cmd)
 		isTerminal := cr.input.AllocatePTY
-		var wd string
+		wd := cr.input.WorkingDir
-		if workdir != "" {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(workdir, "/") {
-			if strings.HasPrefix(workdir, "/") {
+			wd = workdir
-				wd = workdir
+		} else if workdir != "" {
-			} else {
+			wd = fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", cr.input.WorkingDir, workdir)
-				wd = fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", cr.input.WorkingDir, workdir)
-			}
-		} else {
-			wd = cr.input.WorkingDir
 		}
 		logger.Debugf("Working directory '%s'", wd)
 
@@ -815,8 +794,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) exec(cmd []string, env map[string]string, user, wo
 		}
 		defer resp.Close()
 
-		err = cr.waitForCommand(ctx, resp.HijackedResponse)
+		if err := cr.waitForCommand(ctx, resp.HijackedResponse); err != nil {
-		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -918,17 +896,14 @@ func (cr *containerReference) copyDir(dstPath, srcPath string, useGitIgnore, ski
 			return err
 		}
 		logger.Debugf("Writing tarball %s from %s", tarFile.Name(), srcPath)
-		defer func(tarFile *os.File) {
+		defer func() {
-			name := tarFile.Name()
+			if err := tarFile.Close(); !errors.Is(err, os.ErrClosed) {
-			err := tarFile.Close()
-			if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrClosed) {
 				logger.Error(err)
 			}
-			err = os.Remove(name)
+			if err := os.Remove(tarFile.Name()); err != nil {
-			if err != nil {
 				logger.Error(err)
 			}
-		}(tarFile)
+		}()
 		extractionRoot := "/"
 		if actPath := cr.GetActPath(); strings.HasPrefix(dstPath+"/", actPath+"/") {
 			extractionRoot = actPath // keeps tar entries from crossing the image's /var/run symlink
@@ -938,8 +913,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) copyDir(dstPath, srcPath string, useGitIgnore, ski
 		}
 
 		logger.Debugf("Extracting content from '%s' to '%s'", tarFile.Name(), dstPath)
-		_, err = tarFile.Seek(0, 0)
+		if _, err := tarFile.Seek(0, 0); err != nil {
-		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to seek tar archive: %w", err)
 		}
 		return cr.upload(ctx, extractionRoot, tarFile)
@@ -1107,9 +1081,7 @@ func parseOptionsHostConfig(options string) (*container.HostConfig, error) {
 	return containerConfig.HostConfig, nil
 }
 
-// For Gitea
+func (cr *containerReference) sanitizeConfig(ctx context.Context, hostConfig *container.HostConfig) {
-// sanitizeConfig remove the invalid configurations from `config` and `hostConfig`
-func (cr *containerReference) sanitizeConfig(ctx context.Context, config *container.Config, hostConfig *container.HostConfig) (*container.Config, *container.HostConfig) {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 	matcher := newValidVolumeMatcher(ctx, cr.input.ValidVolumes)
 
@@ -1117,7 +1089,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) sanitizeConfig(ctx context.Context, config *contai
 		// sanitize binds
 		sanitizedBinds := make([]string, 0, len(hostConfig.Binds))
 		for _, bind := range hostConfig.Binds {
-			parsed, err := loader.ParseVolume(bind)
+			parsed, err := ParseVolume(bind)
 			if err != nil {
 				logger.Warnf("parse volume [%s] error: %v", bind, err)
 				continue
@@ -1127,8 +1099,8 @@ func (cr *containerReference) sanitizeConfig(ctx context.Context, config *contai
 				sanitizedBinds = append(sanitizedBinds, bind)
 				continue
 			}
-			if matcher.isValid(parsed.Source, mount.Type(parsed.Type), parsed.ReadOnly) {
+			if matcher.isValid(parsed.Source, parsed.Type, parsed.ReadOnly) {
-				if matcher.needsNoCopy(parsed.Source, mount.Type(parsed.Type)) && (parsed.Volume == nil || !parsed.Volume.NoCopy) {
+				if matcher.needsNoCopy(parsed.Source, parsed.Type) && !parsed.NoCopy {
 					bind += ",nocopy"
 				}
 				sanitizedBinds = append(sanitizedBinds, bind)
@@ -1158,19 +1130,65 @@ func (cr *containerReference) sanitizeConfig(ctx context.Context, config *contai
 		}
 	}
 	hostConfig.Mounts = sanitizedMounts
-
-	return config, hostConfig
 }
 
 func SanitizeBinds(ctx context.Context, validVolumes, binds []string) []string {
 	cr := &containerReference{input: &NewContainerInput{ValidVolumes: validVolumes}}
-	_, hostConfig := cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, nil, &container.HostConfig{Binds: binds})
+	hostConfig := &container.HostConfig{Binds: binds}
+	cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, hostConfig)
 	return hostConfig.Binds
 }
 
+func overlay(dst, src reflect.Value, appendSlices bool) {
+	switch dst.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		opaque := true
+		for i := range dst.NumField() {
+			if dst.Type().Field(i).IsExported() {
+				opaque = false
+				overlay(dst.Field(i), src.Field(i), appendSlices)
+			}
+		}
+		if opaque {
+			dst.Set(src)
+		}
+	case reflect.Map:
+		if src.IsNil() {
+			return
+		}
+		if dst.IsNil() {
+			dst.Set(reflect.MakeMap(dst.Type()))
+		}
+		for key, value := range src.Seq2() {
+			dst.SetMapIndex(key, value)
+		}
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		if appendSlices {
+			dst.Set(reflect.AppendSlice(dst, src))
+		} else if src.Len() > 0 {
+			dst.Set(src)
+		}
+	case reflect.Pointer:
+		if src.IsNil() {
+			return
+		}
+		if dst.IsNil() {
+			dst.Set(src)
+			return
+		}
+		overlay(dst.Elem(), src.Elem(), appendSlices)
+	case reflect.Array:
+		dst.Set(src)
+	default:
+		if !src.IsZero() {
+			dst.Set(src)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // bindTarget returns the container path a bind mounts onto, empty if it cannot be parsed.
 func bindTarget(bind string) string {
-	parsed, err := loader.ParseVolume(bind)
+	parsed, err := ParseVolume(bind)
 	if err != nil {
 		return ""
 	}

act/container/docker_run_test.go

@@ -13,9 +13,13 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
@@ -182,11 +186,9 @@ func TestDockerExecAbort(t *testing.T) {
 	}, nil)
 
 	cr := &containerReference{
-		id:  "123",
+		id:    "123",
-		cli: client,
+		cli:   client,
-		input: &NewContainerInput{
+		input: &NewContainerInput{},
-			Image: "image",
-		},
 	}
 
 	channel := make(chan error)
@@ -209,12 +211,10 @@ func TestDockerExecAbort(t *testing.T) {
 func TestDockerExecFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := t.Context()
 
-	conn := &mockConn{}
-
 	client := &mockDockerClient{}
 	client.On("ExecCreate", ctx, "123", mock.AnythingOfType("client.ExecCreateOptions")).Return(mobyclient.ExecCreateResult{ID: "id"}, nil)
 	client.On("ExecAttach", ctx, "id", mock.AnythingOfType("client.ExecAttachOptions")).Return(mobyclient.ExecAttachResult{
-		Conn:   conn,
+		Conn:   &mockConn{},
 		Reader: bufio.NewReader(strings.NewReader("output")),
 	}, nil)
 	client.On("ExecInspect", ctx, "id", mobyclient.ExecInspectOptions{}).Return(mobyclient.ExecInspectResult{
@@ -222,11 +222,9 @@ func TestDockerExecFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	}, nil)
 
 	cr := &containerReference{
-		id:  "123",
+		id:    "123",
-		cli: client,
+		cli:   client,
-		input: &NewContainerInput{
+		input: &NewContainerInput{},
-			Image: "image",
-		},
 	}
 
 	err := cr.exec([]string{""}, map[string]string{}, "user", "workdir")(ctx)
@@ -235,7 +233,6 @@ func TestDockerExecFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, ExitCodeError(1), exitErr)
 	assert.Equal(t, "Process completed with exit code 1.", err.Error())
 
-	conn.AssertExpectations(t)
 	client.AssertExpectations(t)
 }
 
@@ -250,9 +247,6 @@ func stdcopyFrame(stream stdcopy.StdType, payload string) []byte {
 	return b
 }
 
-// TestDockerAttachFlushesTrailingLine verifies that wait() blocks until the
-// attach() streaming goroutine has drained and flushed the container's output,
-// so a final line without a trailing newline is not lost.
 func TestDockerAttachFlushesTrailingLine(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := t.Context()
 
@@ -273,18 +267,13 @@ func TestDockerAttachFlushesTrailingLine(t *testing.T) {
 
 	statusCh := make(chan container.WaitResponse, 1)
 	statusCh <- container.WaitResponse{StatusCode: 0}
-	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
 	client.On("ContainerWait", ctx, "123", mobyclient.ContainerWaitOptions{Condition: container.WaitConditionNotRunning}).
-		Return(mobyclient.ContainerWaitResult{
+		Return(mobyclient.ContainerWaitResult{Result: statusCh})
-			Result: (<-chan container.WaitResponse)(statusCh),
-			Error:  (<-chan error)(errCh),
-		})
 
 	cr := &containerReference{
 		id:  "123",
 		cli: client,
 		input: &NewContainerInput{
-			Image:  "image",
 			Stdout: logWriter,
 			Stderr: logWriter,
 		},
@@ -293,10 +282,6 @@ func TestDockerAttachFlushesTrailingLine(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, cr.attach()(ctx))
 	require.NoError(t, cr.wait()(ctx))
 
-	// wait() must have blocked until the goroutine drained AND flushed; the
-	// trailing, non-newline-terminated line must therefore be present. Reading
-	// lines here is race-free because wait() synchronizes on attachDone, which
-	// the goroutine closes after the final append.
 	assert.Equal(t, []string{"line one\n", "last line without newline"}, lines)
 
 	client.AssertExpectations(t)
@@ -307,24 +292,11 @@ func TestDockerWaitFailure(t *testing.T) {
 
 	statusCh := make(chan container.WaitResponse, 1)
 	statusCh <- container.WaitResponse{StatusCode: 2}
-	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
-
 	client := &mockDockerClient{}
 	client.On("ContainerWait", ctx, "123", mobyclient.ContainerWaitOptions{Condition: container.WaitConditionNotRunning}).
-		Return(mobyclient.ContainerWaitResult{
+		Return(mobyclient.ContainerWaitResult{Result: statusCh})
-			Result: (<-chan container.WaitResponse)(statusCh),
-			Error:  (<-chan error)(errCh),
-		})
 
-	cr := &containerReference{
+	err := (&containerReference{id: "123", cli: client}).wait()(ctx)
-		id:  "123",
-		cli: client,
-		input: &NewContainerInput{
-			Image: "image",
-		},
-	}
-
-	err := cr.wait()(ctx)
 	var exitErr ExitCodeError
 	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &exitErr)
 	assert.Equal(t, ExitCodeError(2), exitErr)
@@ -398,62 +370,72 @@ func TestRemoveWithoutIDUsesName(t *testing.T) {
 	client.AssertExpectations(t)
 }
 
-// find() must drop a stale cached id so later Copy/Exec don't hit the
-// daemon with a torn-down container.
 func TestFindRevalidatesStaleID(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := t.Context()
+	inspectOpts := mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{}
 	notFound := cerrdefs.ErrNotFound.WithMessage("No such container")
 	boom := errors.New("daemon unreachable")
-	newCR := func(id string) (*containerReference, *mockDockerClient) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
-		client := &mockDockerClient{}
+		name, cachedID string
-		return &containerReference{id: id, cli: client, input: &NewContainerInput{Name: "job-1"}}, client
+		cachedErr      error
+		lookup         container.InspectResponse
+		lookupErr      error
+		listed         []container.Summary
+		wantID         string
+		retryList      bool
+	}{
+		{name: "stale id cleared, name lookup empty", cachedID: "stale", cachedErr: notFound, lookupErr: notFound},
+		{name: "stale id cleared, name lookup repopulates", cachedID: "stale", cachedErr: notFound, lookup: container.InspectResponse{ID: "fresh", Name: "/job-1"}, wantID: "fresh"},
+		{name: "id match falls back to listing", lookup: container.InspectResponse{ID: "job-1abc", Name: "/somebody-else"}, listed: []container.Summary{{ID: "fresh", Names: []string{"/job-1"}}}, wantID: "fresh"},
+		{name: "live id kept", cachedID: "live", wantID: "live"},
+		{name: "transient inspect error trusts cache", cachedID: "live", cachedErr: boom, wantID: "live"},
+		{name: "name lookup error falls back to listing", lookupErr: boom, listed: []container.Summary{{ID: "other", Names: []string{"/somebody-else"}}, {ID: "fresh", Names: []string{"/job-1"}}}, wantID: "fresh", retryList: true},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			client := &mockDockerClient{}
+			cr := &containerReference{id: tc.cachedID, cli: client, input: &NewContainerInput{Name: "job-1"}}
+			if tc.cachedID != "" {
+				client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, tc.cachedID, inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, tc.cachedErr)
+			}
+			if tc.cachedID == "" || cerrdefs.IsNotFound(tc.cachedErr) {
+				client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "job-1", inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{Container: tc.lookup}, tc.lookupErr)
+			}
+			if tc.listed != nil {
+				client.On("ContainerList", ctx, mobyclient.ContainerListOptions{All: true}).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{Items: tc.listed}, nil).Once()
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, cr.find()(ctx))
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantID, cr.id)
+			if tc.retryList {
+				client.On("ContainerList", ctx, mobyclient.ContainerListOptions{All: true}).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{}, boom)
+				cr.id = ""
+				require.ErrorIs(t, cr.find()(ctx), boom)
+			}
+			client.AssertExpectations(t)
+		})
 	}
-	listOpts := mobyclient.ContainerListOptions{All: true}
+}
-	inspectOpts := mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{}
 
-	t.Run("stale id cleared, name lookup empty", func(t *testing.T) {
+func TestRunnerArchCachedPerRun(t *testing.T) {
-		cr, client := newCR("stale")
+	var infos atomic.Int32
-		client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "stale", inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, notFound)
+	daemon := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
-		client.On("ContainerList", ctx, listOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{}, nil)
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-		require.NoError(t, cr.find()(ctx))
+		writer.Header().Set("API-Version", "1.47")
-		assert.Empty(t, cr.id)
+		if strings.HasSuffix(request.URL.Path, "/info") {
-		client.AssertExpectations(t)
+			infos.Add(1)
-	})
+			_, _ = io.WriteString(writer, `{"Architecture":"aarch64"}`)
-
+		}
-	t.Run("stale id cleared, name lookup repopulates", func(t *testing.T) {
+	}))
-		cr, client := newCR("stale")
+	t.Cleanup(daemon.Close)
-		client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "stale", inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, notFound)
+	t.Setenv("DOCKER_HOST", daemon.URL)
-		client.On("ContainerList", ctx, listOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{Items: []container.Summary{
+	extensions := &LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions{}
-			{ID: "other", Names: []string{"/somebody-else"}},
+	run := WithRunnerArch(t.Context())
-			{ID: "fresh", Names: []string{"/job-1"}},
+	var lookups sync.WaitGroup
-		}}, nil)
+	for range 4 {
-		require.NoError(t, cr.find()(ctx))
+		lookups.Go(func() { assert.Equal(t, "ARM64", extensions.GetRunnerContext(run)["arch"]) })
-		assert.Equal(t, "fresh", cr.id)
+	}
-		client.AssertExpectations(t)
+	lookups.Wait()
-	})
+	assert.Equal(t, "ARM64", extensions.GetRunnerContext(t.Context())["arch"])
-
+	assert.EqualValues(t, 2, infos.Load())
-	t.Run("live id kept", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cr, client := newCR("live")
-		client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "live", inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, nil)
-		require.NoError(t, cr.find()(ctx))
-		assert.Equal(t, "live", cr.id)
-		client.AssertExpectations(t)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("transient inspect error trusts cache", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cr, client := newCR("live")
-		client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "live", inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, boom)
-		require.NoError(t, cr.find()(ctx))
-		assert.Equal(t, "live", cr.id)
-		client.AssertExpectations(t)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("list error propagates", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cr, client := newCR("")
-		client.On("ContainerList", ctx, listOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{}, boom)
-		require.ErrorIs(t, cr.find()(ctx), boom)
-		client.AssertExpectations(t)
-	})
 }
 
 // Every daemon entry point fails fast with a clear, container-named
@@ -461,7 +443,8 @@ func TestFindRevalidatesStaleID(t *testing.T) {
 func TestRejectsMissingContainer(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := t.Context()
 	client := &mockDockerClient{}
-	client.On("ContainerList", ctx, mobyclient.ContainerListOptions{All: true}).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{}, nil)
+	client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "job-1", mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{}).
+		Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, cerrdefs.ErrNotFound)
 	cr := &containerReference{cli: client, input: &NewContainerInput{Name: "job-1"}}
 	check := func(op string, err error) {
 		t.Helper()
@@ -498,10 +481,8 @@ func TestPublicCopyPipelineHandlesStaleID(t *testing.T) {
 			client := &mockDockerClient{}
 			client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "stale", mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{}).
 				Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, cerrdefs.ErrNotFound.WithMessage("gone"))
-			client.On("ContainerList", ctx, mobyclient.ContainerListOptions{All: true}).
+			client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "job-1", mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{}).
-				Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{Items: []container.Summary{
+				Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{Container: container.InspectResponse{ID: "fresh", Name: "/job-1"}}, nil)
-					{ID: "fresh", Names: []string{"/job-1"}},
-				}}, nil)
 			client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "fresh", mock.Anything).
 				Run(func(args mock.Arguments) {
 					opts := args.Get(2).(mobyclient.CopyToContainerOptions)
@@ -525,9 +506,6 @@ func TestPublicCopyPipelineHandlesStaleID(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// Type assert containerReference implements ExecutionsEnvironment
-var _ ExecutionsEnvironment = &containerReference{}
-
 func TestCheckVolumes(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		desc           string
@@ -622,10 +600,11 @@ func TestCheckVolumes(t *testing.T) {
 					ValidVolumes: tc.validVolumes,
 				},
 			}
-			_, hostConf := cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{Binds: tc.binds, Mounts: tc.mounts})
+			hostConf := &container.HostConfig{Binds: tc.binds, Mounts: tc.mounts}
+			cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, hostConf)
 			assert.Equal(t, tc.expectedBinds, hostConf.Binds)
 			assert.ElementsMatch(t, tc.expectedMounts, hostConf.Mounts)
-			assert.Len(t, hook.AllRecords(), len(tc.binds)+len(tc.mounts)-len(tc.expectedBinds)-len(tc.expectedMounts)) // every drop is warned about
+			assert.Len(t, hook.AllRecords(), len(tc.binds)+len(tc.mounts)-len(tc.expectedBinds)-len(tc.expectedMounts))
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -645,8 +624,6 @@ func TestMergeContainerConfigsDropsVolumeDriversFromWorkflows(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "job-escape", hostConfig.Mounts[0].Source)
 }
 
-// Both of these are read here, on the runner, so a workflow could read the runner's files
-// and environment with them.
 func TestMergeContainerConfigsKeepsTheRunnersFilesAndEnvToItself(t *testing.T) {
 	hostFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "host.env")
 	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(hostFile, []byte("STOLEN=from-the-host\n"), 0o600))
@@ -656,16 +633,12 @@ func TestMergeContainerConfigsKeepsTheRunnersFilesAndEnvToItself(t *testing.T) {
 		logger := logging.New(logtest.New())
 		cr := &containerReference{input: &NewContainerInput{NetworkMode: "bridge", WorkflowOptions: option}}
 
-		_, _, err := cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{})
+		require.ErrorContains(t, cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{}), "not allowed in a workflow")
-		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "not allowed in a workflow")
 
-		// the runner reading its own files is what those options are for
 		cr = &containerReference{input: &NewContainerInput{NetworkMode: "bridge", RunnerOptions: option}}
-		_, _, err = cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{})
+		require.NoError(t, cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{}))
-		require.NoError(t, err)
 	}
 
-	// a bare name is no longer resolved from the runner's environment, for either source
 	logger := logging.New(logtest.New())
 	cr := &containerReference{input: &NewContainerInput{
 		NetworkMode:     "bridge",
@@ -673,8 +646,8 @@ func TestMergeContainerConfigsKeepsTheRunnersFilesAndEnvToItself(t *testing.T) {
 		WorkflowOptions: "--env RUNNER_SECRET --env GIVEN=value",
 	}}
 
-	config, _, err := cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{})
+	config := &container.Config{}
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), config, &container.HostConfig{}))
 	assert.Equal(t, []string{"RUNNER_SECRET", "RUNNER_SECRET", "GIVEN=value"}, config.Env)
 }
 
@@ -711,7 +684,6 @@ func TestSanitizeOptionsHostConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, &container.HostConfig{}, hostConfig)
 }
 
-// mergeOptions merges both option sources into a bare container, returning the result and its log.
 func mergeOptions(t *testing.T, runnerOptions, workflowOptions string, privileged bool) (*container.HostConfig, *logtest.Handler) {
 	t.Helper()
 	logger, hook := logtest.NewLogger()
@@ -723,12 +695,12 @@ func mergeOptions(t *testing.T, runnerOptions, workflowOptions string, privilege
 		ValidVolumes:    []string{"**"},
 	}}
 
-	_, hostConfig, err := cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{
+	hostConfig := &container.HostConfig{
 		Privileged:  privileged,
 		UsernsMode:  container.UsernsMode("private"),
 		NetworkMode: container.NetworkMode("bridge"),
-	})
+	}
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), &container.Config{}, hostConfig))
 	return hostConfig, hook
 }
 
@@ -782,23 +754,26 @@ func TestCheckVolumesRejectsEscapingHostPaths(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	escapingPath := allowed + string(filepath.Separator) + ".." + string(filepath.Separator) + "denied"
-	_, hostConf := cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{
+	hostConf := &container.HostConfig{
 		Binds: []string{escapingPath + ":/mnt"},
-	})
+	}
+	cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, hostConf)
 	assert.Empty(t, hostConf.Binds)
 
 	linkPath := filepath.Join(allowed, "link")
 	if err := os.Symlink(denied, linkPath); err != nil {
 		t.Skipf("cannot create symlink: %v", err)
 	}
-	_, hostConf = cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{
+	hostConf = &container.HostConfig{
 		Binds: []string{linkPath + ":/mnt"},
-	})
+	}
+	cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, hostConf)
 	assert.Empty(t, hostConf.Binds)
 
-	_, hostConf = cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{
+	hostConf = &container.HostConfig{
 		Binds: []string{filepath.Join(linkPath, "missing") + ":/mnt"},
-	})
+	}
+	cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, hostConf)
 	assert.Empty(t, hostConf.Binds)
 }
 
@@ -808,11 +783,12 @@ func TestSanitizeConfigKeepsTmpfsMounts(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, validVolumes := range [][]string{nil, {"data"}, {"**:ro"}} {
 		logger, hook := logtest.NewLogger()
-		_, sanitized := (&containerReference{input: &NewContainerInput{ValidVolumes: validVolumes}}).sanitizeConfig(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{Mounts: []mount.Mount{
+		sanitized := &container.HostConfig{Mounts: []mount.Mount{
 			hostConfig.Mounts[0],
 			{Type: mount.TypeVolume, Target: "/anonymous"},
 			{Type: mount.TypeTmpfs, Source: "/etc", Target: "/etc-copy"},
-		}})
+		}}
+		(&containerReference{input: &NewContainerInput{ValidVolumes: validVolumes}}).sanitizeConfig(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), sanitized)
 		assert.Equal(t, hostConfig.Mounts, sanitized.Mounts)
 		assert.Len(t, hook.AllRecords(), 2)
 	}
@@ -908,11 +884,11 @@ func TestMergeContainerConfigsVolumesReplaceRunnerMounts(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	_, hostConf, err := cr.mergeContainerConfigs(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{
+	hostConf := &container.HostConfig{
 		Binds:  []string{"/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock"},
 		Mounts: []mount.Mount{{Type: mount.TypeVolume, Source: "act-toolcache", Target: "/opt/hostedtoolcache"}},
-	})
+	}
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, cr.mergeContainerConfigs(ctx, &container.Config{}, hostConf))
 	assert.Equal(t, []string{"/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock", "/host/tools:/opt/hostedtoolcache"}, hostConf.Binds)
 	assert.Empty(t, hostConf.Mounts)
 }
@@ -964,8 +940,7 @@ func TestMergeContainerConfigsKeepsNetworkAliasesFromOptions(t *testing.T) {
 		NetworkMode: "job-network", NetworkAliases: []string{"redis"}, WorkflowOptions: "--network-alias redis-primary",
 	}}
 
-	_, _, err := cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{})
+	require.NoError(t, cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{}))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, []string{"redis", "redis-primary"}, cr.input.NetworkAliases)
 }
 

act/container/docker_ssh.go

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || windows || netbsd))
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/connhelper/ssh"
+)
+
+func sshArgs(daemonURL string) ([]string, error) {
+	spec, err := ssh.ParseURL(daemonURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	remote := []string{"docker", "system", "dial-stdio"}
+	if strings.Trim(spec.Path, "/") != "" {
+		remote = []string{"docker", "--host=unix://" + spec.Path, "system", "dial-stdio"}
+	}
+	return spec.Command([]string{"-o", "ConnectTimeout=30", "-T"}, remote...)
+}
+
+func dialCommand(name string, args ...string) (net.Conn, error) {
+	conn := &commandConn{cmd: exec.Command(name, args...)}
+	conn.cmd.SysProcAttr = sshSysProcAttr() // a session of its own like docker's, so a ProxyCommand never reads the runner's terminal: https://github.com/docker/cli/issues/1707
+	conn.cmd.Stderr = &conn.stderr
+	conn.cmd.WaitDelay = time.Second // a ProxyCommand child keeping stderr open would otherwise block Wait after ssh exits
+	conn.wait = sync.OnceValue(func() error {
+		if err := conn.cmd.Wait(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, exec.ErrWaitDelay) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s: %w: %s", strings.Join(conn.cmd.Args, " "), err, strings.TrimSpace(conn.stderr.String()))
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	var err error
+	if conn.stdin, err = conn.cmd.StdinPipe(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if conn.stdout, err = conn.cmd.StdoutPipe(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return conn, conn.cmd.Start()
+}
+
+type commandConn struct {
+	cmd    *exec.Cmd
+	stdin  io.WriteCloser
+	stdout io.ReadCloser
+	stderr cappedBuffer
+	wait   func() error
+}
+
+func (c *commandConn) waitWithin(timeout time.Duration) error {
+	timer := time.AfterFunc(timeout, func() { _ = c.cmd.Process.Kill() })
+	defer timer.Stop()
+	return c.wait()
+}
+
+func (c *commandConn) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	n, err := c.stdout.Read(p)
+	if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		if waitErr := c.waitWithin(10 * time.Second); waitErr != nil {
+			return n, waitErr
+		}
+	}
+	return n, err
+}
+
+func (c *commandConn) Write(p []byte) (int, error) { return c.stdin.Write(p) }
+
+// CloseWrite lets the daemon see the end of a hijacked stream, like a TCP half-close.
+func (c *commandConn) CloseWrite() error { return c.stdin.Close() }
+
+func (c *commandConn) Close() error {
+	_ = c.stdin.Close()
+	if c.cmd.Process.Signal(syscall.SIGTERM) != nil { // SIGTERM lets ssh take its ProxyCommand down, Windows only kills
+		_ = c.cmd.Process.Kill()
+	}
+	_ = c.waitWithin(3 * time.Second)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *commandConn) LocalAddr() net.Addr { return &net.UnixAddr{Name: "stdio", Net: "unix"} }
+
+func (c *commandConn) RemoteAddr() net.Addr { return &net.UnixAddr{Name: "stdio", Net: "unix"} }
+
+func (c *commandConn) SetDeadline(_deadline time.Time) error { return nil }
+
+func (c *commandConn) SetReadDeadline(_deadline time.Time) error { return nil }
+
+func (c *commandConn) SetWriteDeadline(_deadline time.Time) error { return nil }
+
+type cappedBuffer struct{ bytes.Buffer }
+
+func (b *cappedBuffer) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	if b.Len() > 4096 {
+		b.Reset()
+	}
+	return b.Buffer.Write(p)
+}

act/container/docker_ssh_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !WITHOUT_DOCKER
+
+package container
+
+import "syscall"
+
+func sshSysProcAttr() *syscall.SysProcAttr {
+	return &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setsid: true, Pdeathsig: syscall.SIGKILL}
+}

act/container/docker_ssh_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || windows || netbsd))
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"os/exec"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestSSHArgs(t *testing.T) {
+	args, err := sshArgs("ssh://me@host:2222/run/user/1000/my docker.sock")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"-l", "me", "-p", "2222", "-o", "ConnectTimeout=30", "-T", "--", "host", "docker '--host=unix:///run/user/1000/my docker.sock' system dial-stdio"}, args)
+
+	args, err = sshArgs("ssh://[::1]")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"-o", "ConnectTimeout=30", "-T", "--", "::1", "docker system dial-stdio"}, args)
+
+	for _, invalid := range []string{"ssh://me:secret@host", "ssh://host?x=1", "ssh://host#x", "ssh://"} {
+		_, err := sshArgs(invalid)
+		assert.Error(t, err, invalid)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDialCommandStreamsStdioAndReportsExit(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("sh"); err != nil {
+		t.Skip("needs a POSIX shell")
+	}
+	conn, err := dialCommand("sh", "-c", "cat")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = conn.Write([]byte("ping"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, conn.(interface{ CloseWrite() error }).CloseWrite())
+	echoed, err := io.ReadAll(conn)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "ping", string(echoed))
+	require.NoError(t, conn.Close())
+
+	conn, err = dialCommand("sh", "-c", "exec 3<&0; cat <&3 >/dev/null & echo 'no route to host' >&2; exit 255")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = io.ReadAll(conn)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "no route to host")
+	require.NoError(t, conn.Close())
+}

act/container/docker_ssh_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !WITHOUT_DOCKER && (darwin || netbsd)
+
+package container
+
+import "syscall"
+
+func sshSysProcAttr() *syscall.SysProcAttr {
+	return &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setsid: true}
+}

act/container/docker_ssh_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !WITHOUT_DOCKER
+
+package container
+
+import "syscall"
+
+func sshSysProcAttr() *syscall.SysProcAttr { return nil }

act/container/host_environment.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ package container
 import (
 	"archive/tar"
 	"bytes"
+	"cmp"
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -64,15 +65,11 @@ func (e *HostEnvironment) processGroup(ctx context.Context) *process.Group {
 }
 
 func (e *HostEnvironment) Create(_, _ []string) common.Executor {
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return common.NewPipelineExecutor()
-		return nil
-	}
 }
 
 func (e *HostEnvironment) Close() common.Executor {
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return common.NewPipelineExecutor()
-		return nil
-	}
 }
 
 func (e *HostEnvironment) Copy(destPath string, files ...*FileEntry) common.Executor {
@@ -168,15 +165,11 @@ func (e *HostEnvironment) GetContainerArchive(ctx context.Context, srcPath strin
 }
 
 func (e *HostEnvironment) Pull(_ bool) common.Executor {
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return common.NewPipelineExecutor()
-		return nil
-	}
 }
 
 func (e *HostEnvironment) Start(_ bool) common.Executor {
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return common.NewPipelineExecutor()
-		return nil
-	}
 }
 
 type ptyWriter struct {
@@ -193,7 +186,6 @@ func (w *ptyWriter) Write(buf []byte) (int, error) {
 		}
 		if w.dirtyLine || len(buf) > 1 && buf[len(buf)-2] != '\n' {
 			_, _ = w.Out.Write([]byte("\n"))
-			return n, io.EOF
 		}
 		return n, io.EOF
 	}
@@ -242,40 +234,25 @@ func writeKeepAlive(ppty io.Writer) {
 	}
 }
 
-func copyPtyOutput(writer io.Writer, ppty io.Reader, finishLog context.CancelFunc) {
-	defer func() {
-		finishLog()
-	}()
-	if _, err := io.Copy(writer, ppty); err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-}
-
 func (e *HostEnvironment) UpdateFromImageEnv(_ *map[string]string) common.Executor {
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return common.NewPipelineExecutor()
-		return nil
-	}
 }
 
 func getEnvListFromMap(env map[string]string) []string {
-	envList := make([]string, 0)
+	envList := make([]string, 0, len(env))
-	for k, v := range env {
+	for key, value := range env {
-		envList = append(envList, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", k, v))
+		envList = append(envList, key+"="+value)
 	}
 	return envList
 }
 
-func (e *HostEnvironment) exec(ctx context.Context, command []string, cmdline string, env map[string]string, _, workdir string) error {
+func (e *HostEnvironment) exec(ctx context.Context, command []string, cmdline string, env map[string]string, workdir string) error {
-	envList := getEnvListFromMap(env)
+	wd := e.Path
-	var wd string
 	if workdir != "" {
-		if filepath.IsAbs(workdir) {
+		wd = workdir
-			wd = workdir
+		if !filepath.IsAbs(workdir) {
-		} else {
 			wd = filepath.Join(e.Path, workdir)
 		}
-	} else {
-		wd = e.Path
 	}
 	// Flush any buffered, not-yet-newline-terminated trailing line, as the docker backend
 	// does in waitForCommand, so the final line of a command's output is not lost.
@@ -288,9 +265,8 @@ func (e *HostEnvironment) exec(ctx context.Context, command []string, cmdline st
 	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, f)
 	cmd.Path = f
 	cmd.Args = command
-	cmd.Stdin = nil
 	cmd.Stdout = e.StdOut
-	cmd.Env = envList
+	cmd.Env = getEnvListFromMap(env)
 	cmd.Stderr = e.StdOut
 	cmd.Dir = wd
 	cmd.SysProcAttr = process.SysProcAttr(cmdline, false)
@@ -322,7 +298,10 @@ func (e *HostEnvironment) exec(ctx context.Context, command []string, cmdline st
 		writer = &ptyWriter{Out: e.StdOut}
 		var finishLog context.CancelFunc
 		logctx, finishLog = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-		go copyPtyOutput(writer, ppty, finishLog)
+		go func() {
+			defer finishLog()
+			_, _ = io.Copy(writer, ppty)
+		}()
 		go writeKeepAlive(ppty)
 	}
 	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
@@ -338,7 +317,7 @@ func (e *HostEnvironment) exec(ctx context.Context, command []string, cmdline st
 	} else {
 		defer k.Close()
 	}
-	err = cmd.Wait()
+	err = treeKill.Wait(ctx, cmd)
 	if err != nil {
 		if exitErr, ok := errors.AsType[*exec.ExitError](err); ok {
 			return ExitCodeError(exitErr.ExitCode())
@@ -357,13 +336,13 @@ func (e *HostEnvironment) exec(ctx context.Context, command []string, cmdline st
 	return err
 }
 
-func (e *HostEnvironment) Exec(command []string /*cmdline string, */, env map[string]string, user, workdir string) common.Executor {
+func (e *HostEnvironment) Exec(command []string, env map[string]string, _user, workdir string) common.Executor {
-	return e.ExecWithCmdLine(command, "", env, user, workdir)
+	return e.ExecWithCmdLine(command, "", env, workdir)
 }
 
-func (e *HostEnvironment) ExecWithCmdLine(command []string, cmdline string, env map[string]string, user, workdir string) common.Executor {
+func (e *HostEnvironment) ExecWithCmdLine(command []string, cmdline string, env map[string]string, workdir string) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		if err := e.exec(ctx, command, cmdline, env, user, workdir); err != nil {
+		if err := e.exec(ctx, command, cmdline, env, workdir); err != nil {
 			select {
 			case <-ctx.Done():
 				return fmt.Errorf("this step has been cancelled: %w", err)
@@ -605,8 +584,7 @@ func (*HostEnvironment) GetPathVariableName() string {
 }
 
 func (e *HostEnvironment) DefaultPathVariable() string {
-	v, _ := os.LookupEnv(e.GetPathVariableName())
+	return os.Getenv(e.GetPathVariableName())
-	return v
 }
 
 func (*HostEnvironment) JoinPathVariable(paths ...string) string {
@@ -616,30 +594,22 @@ func (*HostEnvironment) JoinPathVariable(paths ...string) string {
 // Reference for Arch values for runner.arch
 // https://docs.github.com/en/actions/learn-github-actions/contexts#runner-context
 func goArchToActionArch(arch string) string {
-	archMapper := map[string]string{
+	return cmp.Or(map[string]string{
 		"x86_64":  "X64",
 		"amd64":   "X64",
 		"386":     "X86",
 		"arm":     "ARM",
 		"aarch64": "ARM64",
 		"arm64":   "ARM64",
-	}
+	}[arch], arch)
-	if arch, ok := archMapper[arch]; ok {
-		return arch
-	}
-	return arch
 }
 
 func goOsToActionOs(os string) string {
-	osMapper := map[string]string{
+	return cmp.Or(map[string]string{
 		"linux":   "Linux",
 		"darwin":  "macOS",
 		"windows": "Windows",
-	}
+	}[os], os)
-	if os, ok := osMapper[os]; ok {
-		return os
-	}
-	return os
 }
 
 func (e *HostEnvironment) GetRunnerContext(_ context.Context) map[string]any {

act/container/host_environment_test.go

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"io"
 	"os"
-	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
@@ -24,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-// Type assert HostEnvironment implements ExecutionsEnvironment
 var _ ExecutionsEnvironment = &HostEnvironment{}
 
 func TestActionPlatformNames(t *testing.T) {
@@ -61,32 +59,20 @@ func TestCopyDir(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetContainerArchive(t *testing.T) {
-	dir := t.TempDir()
 	ctx := t.Context()
-	e := &HostEnvironment{
+	e := &HostEnvironment{Path: t.TempDir()}
-		Path:      filepath.Join(dir, "path"),
-		TmpDir:    filepath.Join(dir, "tmp"),
-		ToolCache: filepath.Join(dir, "tool_cache"),
-		ActPath:   filepath.Join(dir, "act_path"),
-		StdOut:    os.Stdout,
-		Workdir:   path.Join("testdata", "scratch"),
-	}
-	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.Path, 0o700)
-	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.TmpDir, 0o700)
-	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.ToolCache, 0o700)
-	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.ActPath, 0o700)
 	expectedContent := []byte("sdde/7sh")
 	err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(e.Path, "action.yml"), expectedContent, 0o600)
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	archive, err := e.GetContainerArchive(ctx, e.Path)
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer archive.Close()
 	reader := tar.NewReader(archive)
 	h, err := reader.Next()
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "action.yml", h.Name)
 	content, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, expectedContent, content)
 	_, err = reader.Next()
 	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, io.EOF)
@@ -96,19 +82,8 @@ func TestHostEnvironmentExecExitCode(t *testing.T) {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		t.Skip("uses POSIX shell")
 	}
-	dir := t.TempDir()
 	ctx := t.Context()
-	e := &HostEnvironment{
+	e := &HostEnvironment{Path: t.TempDir(), StdOut: io.Discard}
-		Path:      filepath.Join(dir, "path"),
-		TmpDir:    filepath.Join(dir, "tmp"),
-		ToolCache: filepath.Join(dir, "tool_cache"),
-		ActPath:   filepath.Join(dir, "act_path"),
-		StdOut:    io.Discard,
-		Workdir:   filepath.Join(dir, "path"),
-	}
-	for _, p := range []string{e.Path, e.TmpDir, e.ToolCache, e.ActPath} {
-		assert.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(p, 0o700)) //nolint:testifylint // test setup
-	}
 
 	err := e.Exec([]string{"sh", "-c", "exit 3"}, map[string]string{"PATH": os.Getenv("PATH")}, "", "")(ctx)
 	var exitErr ExitCodeError
@@ -130,20 +105,12 @@ func TestHostEnvironmentAllocatePTY(t *testing.T) {
 		{name: "on", allocPTY: true, expect: "TTY"},
 	} {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			dir := t.TempDir()
 			buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
 			e := &HostEnvironment{
-				Path:        filepath.Join(dir, "path"),
+				Path:        t.TempDir(),
-				TmpDir:      filepath.Join(dir, "tmp"),
-				ToolCache:   filepath.Join(dir, "tool_cache"),
-				ActPath:     filepath.Join(dir, "act_path"),
 				StdOut:      buf,
-				Workdir:     filepath.Join(dir, "path"),
 				AllocatePTY: tc.allocPTY,
 			}
-			for _, p := range []string{e.Path, e.TmpDir, e.ToolCache, e.ActPath} {
-				require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(p, 0o700))
-			}
 
 			err := e.Exec(
 				[]string{"sh", "-c", "[ -t 1 ] && printf TTY || printf NOTTY"},
@@ -156,49 +123,26 @@ func TestHostEnvironmentAllocatePTY(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestHostEnvironmentRemovePreservesWorkdirByDefault(t *testing.T) {
+func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveWorkdir(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logging.Default())
+	for name, owned := range map[string]bool{"preserves caller workdir": false, "cleans owned workdir": true} {
-	base := t.TempDir()
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-	miscRoot := filepath.Join(base, "misc")
+			miscRoot, workdir := t.TempDir(), t.TempDir()
-	path := filepath.Join(miscRoot, "hostexecutor")
+			e := &HostEnvironment{
-	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(path, 0o700))
+				Path:         filepath.Join(miscRoot, "hostexecutor"),
-	workdir := filepath.Join(base, "workspace", "owner", "repo")
+				Workdir:      workdir,
-	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(workdir, 0o700))
+				CleanWorkdir: owned,
-
+				CleanUp:      func() { _ = os.RemoveAll(miscRoot) },
-	e := &HostEnvironment{
+			}
-		Path:    path,
+			require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(e.Path, 0o700))
-		Workdir: workdir,
+			require.NoError(t, e.Remove()(t.Context()))
-		CleanUp: func() {
+			_, err := os.Stat(workdir)
-			_ = os.RemoveAll(miscRoot)
+			if owned {
-		},
+				assert.ErrorIs(t, err, os.ErrNotExist)
-		StdOut: os.Stdout,
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+		})
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, e.Remove()(ctx))
-	_, err := os.Stat(workdir)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-}
-
-func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveCleansWorkdirWhenOwned(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logging.Default())
-	base := t.TempDir()
-	miscRoot := filepath.Join(base, "misc")
-	path := filepath.Join(miscRoot, "hostexecutor")
-	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(path, 0o700))
-	workdir := filepath.Join(base, "workspace", "123", "owner", "repo")
-	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(workdir, 0o700))
-
-	e := &HostEnvironment{
-		Path:         path,
-		Workdir:      workdir,
-		CleanWorkdir: true,
-		CleanUp: func() {
-			_ = os.RemoveAll(miscRoot)
-		},
-		StdOut: os.Stdout,
-	}
-	require.NoError(t, e.Remove()(ctx))
-	_, err := os.Stat(workdir)
-	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, os.ErrNotExist)
 }
 
 func TestRemoveAllWithContextDoesNotHangOnStuckDelete(t *testing.T) {
@@ -211,9 +155,6 @@ func TestRemoveAllWithContextDoesNotHangOnStuckDelete(t *testing.T) {
 		<-release
 		return nil
 	}
-	// removeAllWithContext intentionally leaks the delete goroutine on timeout,
-	// and that goroutine still references removeAll. Unblock it and wait for it
-	// to return before restoring the var, so the restore can't race the read.
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		close(release)
 		<-stubDone
@@ -227,87 +168,42 @@ func TestRemoveAllWithContextDoesNotHangOnStuckDelete(t *testing.T) {
 	require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded)
 }
 
-// TestHostEnvironmentRemoveDoesNotHangOnStuckCleanUp guards against a stalled
+func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveDoesNotHang(t *testing.T) {
-// CleanUp callback (e.g. an os.RemoveAll blocked by an AV/EDR filter driver or
+	for _, phase := range []string{"CleanUp callback", "path removal"} {
-// an unresponsive mount) wedging the runner slot forever at "Cleaning up
+		t.Run(phase, func(t *testing.T) {
-// container". Remove must time out the callback and complete job teardown.
+			origTimeout := hostCleanupTimeout
-func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveDoesNotHangOnStuckCleanUp(t *testing.T) {
+			hostCleanupTimeout = 100 * time.Millisecond
-	// Keep the suite fast: shrink the per-phase teardown timeout for this test.
+			t.Cleanup(func() { hostCleanupTimeout = origTimeout })
-	orig := hostCleanupTimeout
+			release, stubDone := make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
-	hostCleanupTimeout = 100 * time.Millisecond
+			block := func() {
-	t.Cleanup(func() { hostCleanupTimeout = orig })
+				defer close(stubDone)
-
+				<-release
-	ctx := common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logging.Default())
+			}
-	base := t.TempDir()
+			e := &HostEnvironment{Path: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "misc", "hostexecutor"), StdOut: os.Stdout}
-	path := filepath.Join(base, "misc", "hostexecutor")
+			if phase == "CleanUp callback" {
-	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(path, 0o700))
+				e.CleanUp = block
-
+			} else {
-	release := make(chan struct{})
+				origRemoveAll := removeAll
-	t.Cleanup(func() { close(release) }) // unblock the leaked goroutine at test end
+				removeAll = func(string) error {
-
+					block()
-	e := &HostEnvironment{
+					return nil
-		Path: path,
+				}
-		CleanUp: func() {
+				t.Cleanup(func() { removeAll = origRemoveAll })
-			<-release // simulate a delete syscall stuck indefinitely
+			}
-		},
+			t.Cleanup(func() {
-		StdOut: os.Stdout,
+				close(release)
-	}
+				<-stubDone
-
+			})
-	done := make(chan error, 1)
+			require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(e.Path, 0o700))
-	go func() { done <- e.Remove()(ctx) }()
+			done := make(chan error, 1)
-
+			go func() { done <- e.Remove()(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logging.Default())) }()
-	select {
+			select {
-	case err := <-done:
+			case err := <-done:
-		require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
-	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+			case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
-		t.Fatal("Remove() hung on a stuck CleanUp callback")
+				t.Fatalf("Remove() hung on a stuck %s", phase)
-	}
+			}
-}
+		})
-
-// TestHostEnvironmentRemoveDoesNotHangOnStuckPathRemoval guards against a
-// stalled os.RemoveAll on the misc/workspace paths (same AV/EDR wedge as
-// #1023) wedging job completion after the CleanUp callback has already timed
-// out or finished.
-func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveDoesNotHangOnStuckPathRemoval(t *testing.T) {
-	origTimeout := hostCleanupTimeout
-	hostCleanupTimeout = 100 * time.Millisecond
-	t.Cleanup(func() { hostCleanupTimeout = origTimeout })
-
-	release := make(chan struct{})
-	stubDone := make(chan struct{})
-
-	origRemoveAll := removeAll
-	removeAll = func(string) error {
-		defer close(stubDone)
-		<-release
-		return nil
-	}
-	// The stuck delete goroutine outlives the timed-out Remove and still reads
-	// removeAll; unblock it and wait before restoring to avoid a restore/read race.
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		close(release)
-		<-stubDone
-		removeAll = origRemoveAll
-	})
-
-	ctx := common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logging.Default())
-	base := t.TempDir()
-	path := filepath.Join(base, "misc", "hostexecutor")
-	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(path, 0o700))
-
-	e := &HostEnvironment{
-		Path:   path,
-		StdOut: os.Stdout,
-	}
-
-	done := make(chan error, 1)
-	go func() { done <- e.Remove()(ctx) }()
-
-	select {
-	case err := <-done:
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
-		t.Fatal("Remove() hung on a stuck path removal")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -315,17 +211,11 @@ func TestBuildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("single dir", func(t *testing.T) {
 		s := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript([]string{`C:\workspace\job1`})
 		assert.Contains(t, s, `$paths = @('C:\workspace\job1')`)
-		// Self-PID guard is essential — without it the script could taskkill
-		// the PowerShell process running it.
 		assert.Contains(t, s, "$selfPid = $PID")
 		assert.Contains(t, s, "$_.ProcessId -eq $selfPid")
-		// Must match both ExecutablePath (binaries from the workspace) and
-		// CommandLine (system binaries invoked with workspace paths in args),
-		// both bounded by dir+separator so a name-prefix sibling is spared.
 		assert.Contains(t, s, `$prefix = $p + '\'`)
 		assert.Contains(t, s, "$_.ExecutablePath.StartsWith($prefix")
 		assert.Contains(t, s, "$_.CommandLine.IndexOf($prefix")
-		// Each matched PID must be tree-killed, not just stopped.
 		assert.Contains(t, s, "taskkill.exe /PID $_.ProcessId /T /F")
 	})
 
@@ -338,25 +228,16 @@ func TestBuildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\path'`)
 		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\workdir'`)
 		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\Users\runner\AppData\Local\Temp\job-42'`)
-		// Commas between entries — no trailing comma, no leading comma.
 		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\path','C:\work\workdir',`)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("path with single quote is escaped", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// In PowerShell single-quoted strings the only special char is the
-		// quote itself, escaped by doubling. A workspace path that ever
-		// contained `'` would inject a command into the script otherwise.
 		s := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript([]string{`C:\work\it's\path`})
 		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\it''s\path'`)
-		// And it must NOT appear unescaped — otherwise the quote would
-		// terminate the literal early.
 		assert.NotContains(t, s, `'C:\work\it's\path'`)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("path with wildcard metacharacters is matched literally", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// A path containing [ ] ? * must be embedded verbatim and matched with
-		// ordinal String methods, not -like, otherwise the metacharacters would
-		// be interpreted as wildcards and the leftover process could escape.
 		s := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript([]string{`C:\work\[job]?1`})
 		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\[job]?1'`)
 		assert.NotContains(t, s, "-like")
@@ -366,7 +247,6 @@ func TestBuildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("empty dir list still produces a valid script", func(t *testing.T) {
 		s := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript(nil)
-		// Empty array literal — script runs, matches nothing, is a no-op.
 		assert.Contains(t, s, "$paths = @()")
 		assert.Contains(t, s, "Get-CimInstance Win32_Process")
 	})

act/container/kubernetes.go

@@ -93,17 +93,29 @@ func (p *KubernetesPod) JobContainer(input *NewContainerInput) ExecutionsEnviron
 	return p.job
 }
 
-var invalidLabelChars = regexp.MustCompile(`[^a-z0-9-]+`)
+var (
+	invalidLabelChars = regexp.MustCompile(`[^a-z0-9-]+`)
+	dnsSubdomain      = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?(\.[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?)*$`)
+)
 
-// KubernetesServiceName returns the container name and hostname of service id, made a DNS label as both must be.
+// kubernetesServiceName returns the container name of service id, made a DNS label as it must be.
-func KubernetesServiceName(id string) string {
+func kubernetesServiceName(id string) string {
 	name := strings.Trim(invalidLabelChars.ReplaceAllString(strings.ToLower(id), "-"), "-")
 	return strings.TrimRight(name[:min(63, len(name))], "-")
 }
 
-// ServiceContainer returns a container of the pod the job reaches at hostname KubernetesServiceName(id).
+// KubernetesServiceHostnames returns the hostnames of service id, its container name and, where hostAliases accept it as a DNS subdomain, id lowercased.
+func KubernetesServiceHostnames(id string) []string {
+	name, host := kubernetesServiceName(id), strings.ToLower(id)
+	if host != name && len(host) <= 253 && dnsSubdomain.MatchString(host) { // https://github.com/kubernetes/apimachinery/blob/v0.35.1/pkg/util/validation/validation.go#L198-L207
+		return []string{name, host}
+	}
+	return []string{name}
+}
+
+// ServiceContainer returns a container of the pod the job reaches at KubernetesServiceHostnames(id).
 func (p *KubernetesPod) ServiceContainer(id string, input *NewContainerInput) ExecutionsEnvironment {
-	service := &kubernetesContainer{pod: p, id: id, name: KubernetesServiceName(id), input: input}
+	service := &kubernetesContainer{pod: p, id: id, name: kubernetesServiceName(id), input: input}
 	p.services = append(p.services, service)
 	return service
 }
@@ -131,7 +143,7 @@ func (p *KubernetesPod) create(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	for _, service := range p.services {
-		if !strings.EqualFold(service.id, service.name) {
+		if !slices.ContainsFunc(KubernetesServiceHostnames(service.id), func(hostname string) bool { return strings.EqualFold(hostname, service.id) }) { // glibc and Go match /etc/hosts case-insensitively
 			common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("Service %s is reachable as %s or localhost, as a Kubernetes hostname cannot be %q", service.id, service.name, service.id)
 		}
 	}
@@ -165,7 +177,8 @@ func (p *KubernetesPod) manifest(secret string, secretData map[string]string, me
 		serviceTemplate = templateContainers[index]
 		templateSpec["containers"] = slices.Delete(slices.Clone(templateContainers), index, index+1)
 	}
-	var containers, hostnames, volumes []any
+	var containers, volumes []any
+	var hostnames []string
 	names := map[string]bool{}
 	for _, container := range templateContainers {
 		names[manifestField(container, "name")] = true
@@ -184,7 +197,7 @@ func (p *KubernetesPod) manifest(secret string, secretData map[string]string, me
 			continue
 		}
 		containers = append(containers, mergeManifest(serviceTemplate, spec, ""))
-		hostnames = append(hostnames, c.name)
+		hostnames = append(hostnames, KubernetesServiceHostnames(c.id)...)
 	}
 	for _, name := range []string{"workspace", "act"} {
 		if !slices.ContainsFunc(templateVolumes, func(volume any) bool { return manifestField(volume, "name") == name }) {
@@ -374,16 +387,41 @@ func (c *kubernetesContainer) Start(_ bool) common.Executor {
 		if err := c.pod.waitStarted(ctx); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		var stdout bytes.Buffer
+		output, err := c.pod.probe(ctx, c.name)
-		if err := c.pod.client.exec(ctx, c.pod.name, c.name, []string{"sh", "-c", `printf '%s\n%s' "$(uname -m)" "$PATH"`}, nil, &stdout, io.Discard); err != nil {
+		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		machine, path, _ := strings.Cut(stdout.String(), "\n")
+		machine, path, _ := strings.Cut(output, "\n")
 		c.pod.arch, c.pod.path = goArchToActionArch(machine), path
 		return nil
 	}
 }
 
+// probe retries exec while it fails short of the container, as a new node runs pods before its kubelet has a serving certificate.
+func (p *KubernetesPod) probe(ctx context.Context, container string) (string, error) {
+	var failure string
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(time.Minute)
+	for delay := 100 * time.Millisecond; ; delay = min(2*delay, 2*time.Second) {
+		var stdout bytes.Buffer
+		err := p.client.exec(ctx, p.name, container, []string{"sh", "-c", `printf '%s\n%s' "$(uname -m)" "$PATH"`}, nil, &stdout, io.Discard)
+		var exitErr ExitCodeError
+		var apiErr *apiError
+		if err == nil || ctx.Err() != nil || errors.As(err, &exitErr) || time.Now().After(deadline) ||
+			errors.As(err, &apiErr) && apiErr.code < http.StatusInternalServerError {
+			return stdout.String(), err
+		}
+		if err.Error() != failure {
+			failure = err.Error()
+			common.Logger(ctx).Infof("Waiting for exec into pod %s: %v", p.name, err)
+		}
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return "", ctx.Err()
+		case <-time.After(delay):
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func (*kubernetesContainer) Pull(bool) common.Executor {
 	return func(context.Context) error { return nil }
 }

act/container/kubernetes_test.go

@@ -43,8 +43,9 @@ type podManifest struct {
 }
 
 type fakeCluster struct {
-	mu       sync.Mutex
+	mu           sync.Mutex
-	requests map[string][]string
+	requests     map[string][]string
+	execFailures []http.HandlerFunc
 }
 
 func (f *fakeCluster) record(request, content string) {
@@ -53,6 +54,41 @@ func (f *fakeCluster) record(request, content string) {
 	f.requests[request] = append(f.requests[request], content)
 }
 
+func (f *fakeCluster) failExec(failures ...http.HandlerFunc) {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	f.execFailures = failures
+}
+
+func (f *fakeCluster) nextExecFailure() http.HandlerFunc {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	if len(f.execFailures) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	failure := f.execFailures[0]
+	f.execFailures = f.execFailures[1:]
+	return failure
+}
+
+// execFailure answers like the API server, code 0 for a failure reported after the websocket upgrade.
+func execFailure(t *testing.T, code int, status string) http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if code != 0 {
+			w.WriteHeader(code)
+			_, _ = io.WriteString(w, status)
+			return
+		}
+		conn, err := websocket.Accept(w, r, &websocket.AcceptOptions{Subprotocols: []string{execProtocol}})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+			return
+		}
+		defer func() { _ = conn.CloseNow() }()
+		_ = conn.Write(r.Context(), websocket.MessageBinary, append([]byte{3}, status...))
+	}
+}
+
 func fakeKubernetes(t *testing.T, podStatus string) (string, *fakeCluster) {
 	cluster := &fakeCluster{requests: map[string][]string{}}
 	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -70,7 +106,11 @@ func fakeKubernetes(t *testing.T, podStatus string) (string, *fakeCluster) {
 			_, _ = io.WriteString(w, `{"items":[{"metadata":{"name":"old","creationTimestamp":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"}},{"metadata":{"name":"new","creationTimestamp":"2999-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}]}`)
 		case strings.HasSuffix(r.URL.Path, "/exec"):
 			cluster.record("exec", r.URL.RawQuery)
-			serveLocalExec(t, w, r)
+			if failure := cluster.nextExecFailure(); failure != nil {
+				failure(w, r)
+			} else {
+				serveLocalExec(t, w, r)
+			}
 		case strings.HasSuffix(r.URL.Path, "/log"):
 			_, _ = io.WriteString(w, "log of "+r.URL.Query().Get("container"))
 		case r.Method == http.MethodGet && strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, pods+"/"):
@@ -129,6 +169,19 @@ func serveLocalExec(t *testing.T, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestKubernetesServiceHostnames(t *testing.T) {
+	for id, hostnames := range map[string][]string{
+		"db":                             {"db"},
+		"My_DB":                          {"my-db"},
+		"devstoreaccount1.azurite.local": {"devstoreaccount1-azurite-local", "devstoreaccount1.azurite.local"},
+		"DB.Local":                       {"db-local", "db.local"},
+		strings.Repeat("a", 64):          {strings.Repeat("a", 63), strings.Repeat("a", 64)},
+		strings.Repeat("a", 254):         {strings.Repeat("a", 63)},
+	} {
+		assert.Equal(t, hostnames, KubernetesServiceHostnames(id), id)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestKubernetesPodRunsJobThroughAPI(t *testing.T) {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		t.Skip("uses POSIX shell")
@@ -200,7 +253,12 @@ func TestKubernetesPodRunsJobThroughAPI(t *testing.T) {
 
 	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(workdir, "env"), []byte("#!/bin/sh\necho \"$@\" > \"$0-args\"\nexec /usr/bin/env \"$@\"\n"), 0o755))
 	t.Setenv("PATH", workdir+":"+os.Getenv("PATH"))
+	cluster.failExec(
+		execFailure(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, `{"message":"error dialing backend: remote error: tls: internal error"}`),
+		execFailure(t, 0, `{"status":"Failure","reason":"InternalError","message":"Internal error occurred: error sending request: remote error: tls: internal error"}`),
+	)
 	require.NoError(t, job.Start(false)(ctx))
+	assert.Len(t, cluster.requests["exec"], 3)
 
 	stepEnv := map[string]string{"INPUT_WHO-TO-GREET": "it's\nme", "SECRET": "hunter2", "UID": "5"}
 	require.NoError(t, job.Exec([]string{"printenv", "SECRET"}, stepEnv, "", "")(ctx))
@@ -282,6 +340,21 @@ func TestKubernetesPodFailsBeforeSteps(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		require.ErrorContains(t, job.Create(nil, nil)(t.Context()), test.err)
 	}
+	running, cluster := fakeKubernetes(t, `{"spec":{"containers":[{}]},"status":{"containerStatuses":[{"name":"job","state":{"running":{}}}]}}`)
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		failure http.HandlerFunc
+		err     string
+	}{
+		{execFailure(t, http.StatusForbidden, `{"message":"pods \"job\" is forbidden"}`), "is forbidden"},
+		{execFailure(t, 0, `{"status":"Failure","details":{"causes":[{"reason":"ExitCode","message":"126"}]}}`), ExitCodeError(126).Error()},
+	} {
+		cluster.failExec(test.failure)
+		pod, err := NewKubernetesPod(KubernetesOptions{Kubeconfig: running})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		job := pod.JobContainer(&NewContainerInput{Image: "node"})
+		require.NoError(t, job.Create(nil, nil)(t.Context()))
+		require.ErrorContains(t, job.Start(false)(t.Context()), test.err)
+	}
 	pod, err := NewKubernetesPod(KubernetesOptions{Kubeconfig: kubeconfig, Namespace: "ci"})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	job := pod.JobContainer(&NewContainerInput{Image: "missing"})

act/container/linux_container_environment_extensions.go

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ import (
 
 type LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions struct{}
 
+var windowsPathRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^([a-zA-Z]):\\(.+)$`)
+
 // Resolves the equivalent host path inside the container
 // This is required for windows and WSL 2 to translate things like C:\Users\Myproject to /mnt/users/Myproject
 // For use in docker volumes and binds
@@ -31,8 +33,6 @@ func (*LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions) ToContainerPath(path string) string
 		return ""
 	}
 
-	// Test if the path is a windows path
-	windowsPathRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`^([a-zA-Z]):\\(.+)$`)
 	windowsPathComponents := windowsPathRegex.FindStringSubmatch(abspath)
 
 	// Return as-is if no match
@@ -43,11 +43,7 @@ func (*LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions) ToContainerPath(path string) string
 	// Convert to WSL2-compatible path if it is a windows path
 	// NOTE: Cannot use filepath because it will use the wrong path separators assuming we want the path to be windows
 	// based if running on Windows, and because we are feeding this to Docker, GoLang auto-path-translate doesn't work.
-	driveLetter := strings.ToLower(windowsPathComponents[1])
+	return "/mnt/" + strings.ToLower(windowsPathComponents[1]) + "/" + strings.ReplaceAll(windowsPathComponents[2], `\`, `/`)
-	translatedPath := strings.ReplaceAll(windowsPathComponents[2], `\`, `/`)
-	// Should make something like /mnt/c/Users/person/My Folder/MyActProject
-	result := strings.Join([]string{"/mnt", driveLetter, translatedPath}, `/`)
-	return result
 }
 
 func (*LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions) GetActPath() string {
@@ -69,10 +65,41 @@ func (*LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions) JoinPathVariable(paths ...string) st
 // DefaultToolCache is where the runner mounts the tool cache inside job containers.
 const DefaultToolCache = "/opt/hostedtoolcache"
 
+type runnerArchKey struct{}
+
+func WithRunnerArch(ctx context.Context) context.Context { // shares one architecture lookup per run
+	if ctx.Value(runnerArchKey{}) != nil {
+		return ctx
+	}
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, runnerArchKey{}, &runnerArchCache{lock: make(chan struct{}, 1)})
+}
+
+type runnerArchCache struct {
+	lock chan struct{} // lets cancelled jobs stop waiting for the cache
+	arch string
+}
+
+func cachedRunnerArch(ctx context.Context) string {
+	cache, ok := ctx.Value(runnerArchKey{}).(*runnerArchCache)
+	if !ok {
+		return RunnerArch(ctx)
+	}
+	select {
+	case cache.lock <- struct{}{}:
+		defer func() { <-cache.lock }()
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ""
+	}
+	if cache.arch == "" {
+		cache.arch = RunnerArch(ctx)
+	}
+	return cache.arch
+}
+
 func (*LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions) GetRunnerContext(ctx context.Context) map[string]any {
 	return map[string]any{
 		"os":         "Linux",
-		"arch":       RunnerArch(ctx),
+		"arch":       cachedRunnerArch(ctx),
 		"temp":       "/tmp",
 		"tool_cache": DefaultToolCache,
 	}

act/container/linux_container_environment_extensions_test.go

@@ -5,15 +5,13 @@
 package container
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
-
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func TestContainerPath(t *testing.T) {
@@ -23,42 +21,27 @@ func TestContainerPath(t *testing.T) {
 		workDir         string
 	}
 
-	linuxcontainerext := &LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions{}
+	cwd, err := os.Getwd()
-
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	tests := []containerPathJob{
+		{"/home/act/go/src/github.com/nektos/act", "/home/act/go/src/github.com/nektos/act", ""},
+		{"/home/act", `/home/act/`, ""},
+		{cwd, ".", ""},
+	}
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		cwd, err := os.Getwd()
-		if err != nil {
-			logging.Error(err)
-		}
-
 		rootDrive := os.Getenv("SystemDrive")
-		rootDriveLetter := strings.ReplaceAll(strings.ToLower(rootDrive), `:`, "")
+		tests = []containerPathJob{
-		for _, v := range []containerPathJob{
 			{"/mnt/c/Users/act/go/src/github.com/nektos/act", "C:\\Users\\act\\go\\src\\github.com\\nektos\\act\\", ""},
 			{"/mnt/f/work/dir", `F:\work\dir`, ""},
 			{"/mnt/c/windows/to/unix", "windows\\to\\unix", rootDrive + "\\"},
-			{fmt.Sprintf("/mnt/%v/act", rootDriveLetter), "act", rootDrive + "\\"},
+			{"/mnt/" + strings.ReplaceAll(strings.ToLower(rootDrive), `:`, "") + "/act", "act", rootDrive + "\\"},
-		} {
-			if v.workDir != "" {
-				t.Chdir(v.workDir)
-			}
-
-			assert.Equal(t, v.destinationPath, linuxcontainerext.ToContainerPath(v.sourcePath))
 		}
-
+	}
-		t.Chdir(cwd)
+	for _, test := range tests {
-	} else {
+		if test.workDir != "" {
-		cwd, err := os.Getwd()
+			t.Chdir(test.workDir)
-		if err != nil {
-			logging.Error(err)
-		}
-		for _, v := range []containerPathJob{
-			{"/home/act/go/src/github.com/nektos/act", "/home/act/go/src/github.com/nektos/act", ""},
-			{"/home/act", `/home/act/`, ""},
-			{cwd, ".", ""},
-		} {
-			assert.Equal(t, v.destinationPath, linuxcontainerext.ToContainerPath(v.sourcePath))
 		}
+		assert.Equal(t, test.destinationPath, (&LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions{}).ToContainerPath(test.sourcePath))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -67,5 +50,4 @@ type typeAssertMockContainer struct {
 	LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions
 }
 
-// Type assert Container + LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions implements ExecutionsEnvironment
 var _ ExecutionsEnvironment = &typeAssertMockContainer{}

act/container/parse_env_file.go

@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ func parseEnvFile(e Container, srcPath string, env *map[string]string) common.Ex
 		if err := s.Err(); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("reading env file: %w", err)
 		}
-		env = &localEnv
 		return nil
 	}
 }

act/container/parse_env_file_test.go

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"golang.org/x/text/encoding"
 	"golang.org/x/text/encoding/unicode"
 )
 
@@ -22,42 +21,40 @@ func newTestHostEnv(t *testing.T) (*HostEnvironment, string) {
 	return e, filepath.Join(e.Path, "envfile")
 }
 
-func TestParseEnvFileSingleLine(t *testing.T) {
+func TestParseEnvFile(t *testing.T) {
-	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
+	largeValue := strings.Repeat("x", 2*1024*1024)
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte("FOO=bar\nBAZ=qux\n"), 0o600))
+	encodeUTF16 := func(endianness unicode.Endianness) string {
-
+		content, err := unicode.UTF16(endianness, unicode.UseBOM).NewEncoder().Bytes([]byte("FOO=bar\r\nMULTI<<EOF\r\nline1\r\nEOF\r\n"))
-	env := map[string]string{}
+		require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(t.Context()))
+		return string(content)
-	assert.Equal(t, "bar", env["FOO"])
+	}
-	assert.Equal(t, "qux", env["BAZ"])
+	for _, test := range []struct {
-}
+		name, content string
-
+		want          map[string]string
-func TestParseEnvFileMultiLine(t *testing.T) {
+	}{
-	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
+		{"single line", "FOO=bar\nBAZ=qux\n", map[string]string{"FOO": "bar", "BAZ": "qux"}},
-	content := "FOO<<EOF\nline1\nline2\nEOF\n"
+		{"blank lines", "\nFOO=bar\n\n   \nBAZ=qux\n\n", map[string]string{"FOO": "bar", "BAZ": "qux"}},
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte(content), 0o600))
+		{"multiline", "FOO<<EOF\nline1\nline2\nEOF\n", map[string]string{"FOO": "line1\nline2"}},
-
+		{"multiline blank lines", "FOO<<EOF\nline1\n\nline2\nEOF\n", map[string]string{"FOO": "line1\n\nline2"}},
-	env := map[string]string{}
+		{"multiline leading blank line", "FOO<<EOF\n\nline2\nEOF\n", map[string]string{"FOO": "\nline2"}},
-	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(t.Context()))
+		{"large value within limit", "FOO<<EOF\n" + largeValue + "\nEOF\n", map[string]string{"FOO": largeValue}},
-	assert.Equal(t, "line1\nline2", env["FOO"])
+		{"UTF8 BOM", "\xef\xbb\xbfFOO=bar\n", map[string]string{"FOO": "bar"}},
-}
+		{"UTF16 little endian", encodeUTF16(unicode.LittleEndian), map[string]string{"FOO": "bar", "MULTI": "line1"}},
-
+		{"UTF16 big endian", encodeUTF16(unicode.BigEndian), map[string]string{"FOO": "bar", "MULTI": "line1"}},
-func TestParseEnvFileLargeValueWithinLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	} {
-	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-	big := strings.Repeat("x", 2*1024*1024)
+			e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
-	content := "FOO<<EOF\n" + big + "\nEOF\n"
+			require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte(test.content), 0o600))
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte(content), 0o600))
+			env := map[string]string{}
-
+			require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(t.Context()))
-	env := map[string]string{}
+			assert.Equal(t, test.want, env)
-	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(t.Context()))
+		})
-	assert.Equal(t, big, env["FOO"])
+	}
 }
 
 func TestParseEnvFileLineExceedsBufferReportsScannerError(t *testing.T) {
 	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
-	tooBig := strings.Repeat("x", 17*1024*1024) // over the 16 MiB cap
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte("FOO<<EOF\n"+strings.Repeat("x", 17*1024*1024)+"\nEOF\n"), 0o600))
-	content := "FOO<<EOF\n" + tooBig + "\nEOF\n"
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte(content), 0o600))
 
 	env := map[string]string{}
 	err := parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(t.Context())
@@ -65,68 +62,6 @@ func TestParseEnvFileLineExceedsBufferReportsScannerError(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "reading env file")
 }
 
-// Regression test: a blank line used to fail the job at "Complete Job", after
-// every step had already been recorded as successful.
-func TestParseEnvFileBlankLines(t *testing.T) {
-	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte("\nFOO=bar\n\n   \nBAZ=qux\n\n"), 0o600))
-
-	env := map[string]string{}
-	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(t.Context()))
-	assert.Equal(t, "bar", env["FOO"])
-	assert.Equal(t, "qux", env["BAZ"])
-}
-
-// blank lines inside a heredoc value are content, not separators
-func TestParseEnvFileMultiLineKeepsBlankLines(t *testing.T) {
-	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte("FOO<<EOF\nline1\n\nline2\nEOF\n"), 0o600))
-
-	env := map[string]string{}
-	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(t.Context()))
-	assert.Equal(t, "line1\n\nline2", env["FOO"])
-
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte("FOO<<EOF\n\nline2\nEOF\n"), 0o600))
-	env = map[string]string{}
-	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(t.Context()))
-	assert.Equal(t, "\nline2", env["FOO"])
-}
-
-func TestParseEnvFileUTF8BOM(t *testing.T) {
-	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
-	content := append([]byte{0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF}, []byte("FOO=bar\n")...)
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, content, 0o600))
-
-	env := map[string]string{}
-	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(t.Context()))
-	assert.Equal(t, "bar", env["FOO"])
-}
-
-// Windows host mode: PowerShell 5.1 redirection writes UTF-16, which used to be
-// unrecognisable as KEY=VALUE, so the writes were silently ignored.
-func TestParseEnvFileUTF16(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		encoder *encoding.Encoder
-	}{
-		{"little endian", unicode.UTF16(unicode.LittleEndian, unicode.UseBOM).NewEncoder()},
-		{"big endian", unicode.UTF16(unicode.BigEndian, unicode.UseBOM).NewEncoder()},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
-			content, err := tt.encoder.Bytes([]byte("FOO=bar\r\nMULTI<<EOF\r\nline1\r\nEOF\r\n"))
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, content, 0o600))
-
-			env := map[string]string{}
-			require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(t.Context()))
-			assert.Equal(t, "bar", env["FOO"])
-			assert.Equal(t, "line1", env["MULTI"])
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func TestParseEnvFileMissingDelimiter(t *testing.T) {
 	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
 	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte("FOO<<EOF\nline1\nline2\n"), 0o600))

act/container/testdata/scratch/test.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-testfile

act/container/volume_spec.go

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/mount"
+)
+
+type VolumeSpec struct {
+	Type     mount.Type
+	Source   string
+	Target   string
+	ReadOnly bool
+	NoCopy   bool
+}
+
+// ParseVolume parses spec like `docker run -v` does, without knowing the target platform.
+func ParseVolume(spec string) (VolumeSpec, error) {
+	switch len(spec) {
+	case 0:
+		return VolumeSpec{}, errors.New("invalid empty volume spec")
+	case 1, 2:
+		return VolumeSpec{Type: mount.TypeVolume, Target: spec}, nil
+	}
+
+	spec = string([]rune(spec)) // each invalid UTF-8 byte becomes U+FFFD, as in the JSON the daemon receives
+	var parts []string
+	for rest := spec; ; {
+		start := 0
+		if hasDriveLetter(rest) {
+			start = strings.IndexByte(rest, ':') + 1
+		}
+		end := strings.IndexByte(rest[start:], ':')
+		if end < 0 {
+			parts = append(parts, rest)
+			break
+		}
+		parts = append(parts, rest[:start+end])
+		rest = rest[start+end+1:]
+	}
+	if len(parts) > 3 {
+		return VolumeSpec{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid spec: %s: too many colons", spec)
+	}
+	if slices.Contains(parts, "") {
+		return VolumeSpec{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid spec: %s: empty section between colons", spec)
+	}
+
+	volume := VolumeSpec{Type: mount.TypeVolume, Target: parts[0]}
+	if len(parts) > 1 {
+		volume.Source, volume.Target = parts[0], parts[1]
+		if isHostPath(volume.Source) {
+			volume.Type = mount.TypeBind
+		}
+	}
+	if len(parts) == 3 {
+		for option := range strings.SplitSeq(parts[2], ",") {
+			switch option {
+			case "ro":
+				volume.ReadOnly = true
+			case "rw":
+				volume.ReadOnly = false
+			case "nocopy":
+				volume.NoCopy = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return volume, nil
+}
+
+func hasDriveLetter(s string) bool {
+	letter, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s)
+	return size < len(s) && s[size] == ':' && unicode.IsLetter(letter)
+}
+
+func isHostPath(source string) bool {
+	return strings.ContainsAny(source[:1], "./~") || strings.HasPrefix(source, `\\`) || hasDriveLetter(source)
+}

act/container/volume_spec_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/mount"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestParseVolumeReplacesInvalidUTF8LikeTheDaemonSees(t *testing.T) {
+	parsed, err := ParseVolume("/data/\xff\xfe:/mnt:ro")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, VolumeSpec{Type: mount.TypeBind, Source: "/data/��", Target: "/mnt", ReadOnly: true}, parsed)
+}

act/filecollector/file_collector.go

@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ func (tc TarCollector) WriteFile(fpath string, fi fs.FileInfo, linkName string,
 	// update the name to correctly reflect the desired destination when untaring
 	header.Name = path.Join(tc.DstDir, fpath)
 	header.Mode = int64(fi.Mode())
-	header.ModTime = fi.ModTime()
 	header.Uid = tc.UID
 	header.Gid = tc.GID
 
@@ -58,10 +57,8 @@ func (tc TarCollector) WriteFile(fpath string, fi fs.FileInfo, linkName string,
 	}
 
 	// copy file data into tar writer
-	if _, err := io.Copy(tc.TarWriter, f); err != nil {
+	_, err = io.Copy(tc.TarWriter, f)
-		return err
+	return err
-	}
-	return nil
 }
 
 type CopyCollector struct {
@@ -87,10 +84,8 @@ func (cc *CopyCollector) WriteFile(fpath string, fi fs.FileInfo, linkName string
 		return err
 	}
 	defer df.Close()
-	if _, err := io.Copy(df, f); err != nil {
+	_, err = io.Copy(df, f)
-		return err
+	return err
-	}
-	return nil
 }
 
 type FileCollector struct {

act/ghcontext/github_context.go

@@ -117,8 +117,7 @@ func SetSha(ctx context.Context, ghc *model.GithubContext, repoPath string) {
 
 	if ghc.Sha == "" {
 		sha, err := pinned(ctx, "sha:"+repoPath, func() (string, error) {
-			_, revision, err := findGitRevision(ctx, repoPath)
+			return findGitRevision(ctx, repoPath)
-			return revision, err
 		})
 		if err != nil {
 			logger.Warnf("unable to get git revision: %v", err)
@@ -139,5 +138,5 @@ func SetRepositoryAndOwner(ctx context.Context, ghc *model.GithubContext, repoPa
 		}
 		ghc.Repository = repo
 	}
-	ghc.RepositoryOwner = strings.Split(ghc.Repository, "/")[0]
+	ghc.RepositoryOwner, _, _ = strings.Cut(ghc.Repository, "/")
 }

act/ghcontext/github_context_test.go

@@ -9,28 +9,18 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"testing"
 
-	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
-
 	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
 func TestSetRef(t *testing.T) {
-	logging.SetLevel(logging.LevelDebug)
-
 	oldFindGitRef := findGitRef
-	oldFindGitRevision := findGitRevision
 	defer func() { findGitRef = oldFindGitRef }()
-	defer func() { findGitRevision = oldFindGitRevision }()
 
-	findGitRef = func(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
+	findGitRef = func(_ctx context.Context, _file string) (string, error) {
 		return "refs/heads/master", nil
 	}
 
-	findGitRevision = func(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, string, error) {
-		return "", "1234fakesha", nil
-	}
-
 	tables := []struct {
 		eventName string
 		event     map[string]any
@@ -114,7 +104,7 @@ func TestSetRef(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	t.Run("no-default-branch", func(t *testing.T) {
-		findGitRef = func(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
+		findGitRef = func(_ctx context.Context, _file string) (string, error) {
 			return "", errors.New("no default branch")
 		}
 
@@ -130,19 +120,13 @@ func TestSetRef(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSetSha(t *testing.T) {
-	logging.SetLevel(logging.LevelDebug)
-
 	oldFindGitRef := findGitRef
 	oldFindGitRevision := findGitRevision
 	defer func() { findGitRef = oldFindGitRef }()
 	defer func() { findGitRevision = oldFindGitRevision }()
 
-	findGitRef = func(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
+	findGitRevision = func(_ctx context.Context, _file string) (string, error) {
-		return "refs/heads/master", nil
+		return "1234fakesha", nil
-	}
-
-	findGitRevision = func(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, string, error) {
-		return "", "1234fakesha", nil
 	}
 
 	tables := []struct {
@@ -177,11 +161,6 @@ func TestSetSha(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			sha: "deployment-sha",
 		},
-		{
-			eventName: "release",
-			event:     map[string]any{},
-			sha:       "1234fakesha",
-		},
 		{
 			eventName: "push",
 			event: map[string]any{
@@ -195,18 +174,12 @@ func TestSetSha(t *testing.T) {
 			event:     map[string]any{},
 			sha:       "1234fakesha",
 		},
-		{
-			eventName: "no-event",
-			event:     map[string]any{},
-			sha:       "1234fakesha",
-		},
 	}
 
 	for _, table := range tables {
 		t.Run(table.eventName, func(t *testing.T) {
 			ghc := &model.GithubContext{
 				EventName: table.eventName,
-				BaseRef:   "master",
 				Event:     table.event,
 			}
 
@@ -219,7 +192,7 @@ func TestSetSha(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("pinned checkout keeps the first sha and ref", func(t *testing.T) {
 		ctx := WithPinnedCheckout(t.Context())
 		for _, head := range []string{"first", "moved"} {
-			findGitRevision = func(context.Context, string) (string, string, error) { return "", head, nil }
+			findGitRevision = func(context.Context, string) (string, error) { return head, nil }
 			findGitRef = func(context.Context, string) (string, error) { return "refs/heads/" + head, nil }
 			ghc := &model.GithubContext{Event: map[string]any{}}
 			SetSha(ctx, ghc, "/some/dir")

act/lookpath/lp_unix_test.go

@@ -13,35 +13,23 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )
 
-func TestLookPath2SearchesPathAndEmptyElement(t *testing.T) {
+func TestLookPath2SearchesPathAndEmptyElementOrUsesDirectPath(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	exe := filepath.Join(dir, "tool")
 	if err := os.WriteFile(exe, []byte("#!/bin/sh\n"), 0o755); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	got, err := LookPath2("tool", map[string]string{"PATH": string(filepath.ListSeparator) + dir})
+	for file, searchPath := range map[string]string{"tool": string(filepath.ListSeparator) + dir, exe: ""} {
-	if err != nil {
+		t.Run(file, func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Fatal(err)
+			got, err := LookPath2(file, map[string]string{"PATH": searchPath})
-	}
+			if err != nil {
-	if got != exe {
+				t.Fatal(err)
-		t.Fatalf("LookPath2() = %q, want %q", got, exe)
+			}
-	}
+			if got != exe {
-}
+				t.Fatalf("LookPath2() = %q, want %q", got, exe)
-
+			}
-func TestLookPath2DirectPathDoesNotSearchPath(t *testing.T) {
+		})
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	exe := filepath.Join(dir, "tool")
-	if err := os.WriteFile(exe, []byte("#!/bin/sh\n"), 0o755); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	got, err := LookPath2(exe, map[string]string{"PATH": ""})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if got != exe {
-		t.Fatalf("LookPath2() = %q, want %q", got, exe)
 	}
 }
 

act/lookpath/lp_windows.go

@@ -28,21 +28,15 @@ func chkStat(file string) error {
 }
 
 func hasExt(file string) bool {
-	i := strings.LastIndex(file, ".")
+	return strings.LastIndex(file, ".") > strings.LastIndexAny(file, `:\/`)
-	if i < 0 {
-		return false
-	}
-	return strings.LastIndexAny(file, `:\/`) < i
 }
 
 func findExecutable(file string, exts []string) (string, error) {
 	if len(exts) == 0 {
 		return file, chkStat(file)
 	}
-	if hasExt(file) {
+	if hasExt(file) && chkStat(file) == nil {
-		if chkStat(file) == nil {
+		return file, nil
-			return file, nil
-		}
 	}
 	for _, e := range exts {
 		if f := file + e; chkStat(f) == nil {

act/runner/action.go

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"crypto/sha256"
-	"embed"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -26,6 +25,8 @@ import (
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/git"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/container"
 
+	_ "embed"
+
 	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
 	"github.com/kballard/go-shellquote"
 )
@@ -47,11 +48,13 @@ type fileWriter func(filename string, data []byte, perm fs.FileMode) error
 type runAction func(step actionStep, actionDir string, remoteAction *remoteAction) common.Executor
 
 //go:embed res/trampoline.js
-var trampoline embed.FS
+var trampoline string
 
 var (
 	ContainerImageExistsLocally     = container.ImageExistsLocally
 	ContainerNewDockerBuildExecutor = container.NewDockerBuildExecutor
+	dockerActionNamePattern         = regexp.MustCompile("[^a-zA-Z0-9]")
+	inputEnvPattern                 = regexp.MustCompile("[^A-Z0-9-]")
 )
 
 func readActionImpl(ctx context.Context, step *model.Step, actionDir, actionPath string, readFile actionYamlReader, writeFile fileWriter) (*model.Action, error) {
@@ -85,38 +88,31 @@ func readActionImpl(ctx context.Context, step *model.Step, actionDir, actionPath
 				logger.Debugf("Using synthetic action %v for Dockerfile", action)
 				return action, nil
 			}
-			if step.With != nil {
+			if val, ok := step.With["args"]; ok {
-				if val, ok := step.With["args"]; ok {
+				if err := writeFile(filepath.Join(actionDir, actionPath, "trampoline.js"), []byte(trampoline), 0o644); err != nil {
-					var b []byte
+					return nil, err
-					if b, err = trampoline.ReadFile("res/trampoline.js"); err != nil {
-						return nil, err
-					}
-					err2 := writeFile(filepath.Join(actionDir, actionPath, "trampoline.js"), b, 0o644)
-					if err2 != nil {
-						return nil, err2
-					}
-					action := &model.Action{
-						Name: "(Synthetic)",
-						Inputs: map[string]model.Input{
-							"cwd": {
-								Description: "(Actual working directory)",
-								Required:    false,
-								Default:     filepath.Join(actionDir, actionPath),
-							},
-							"command": {
-								Description: "(Actual program)",
-								Required:    false,
-								Default:     val,
-							},
-						},
-						Runs: model.ActionRuns{
-							Using: "node12",
-							Main:  "trampoline.js",
-						},
-					}
-					logger.Debugf("Using synthetic action %v", action)
-					return action, nil
 				}
+				action := &model.Action{
+					Name: "(Synthetic)",
+					Inputs: map[string]model.Input{
+						"cwd": {
+							Description: "(Actual working directory)",
+							Required:    false,
+							Default:     filepath.Join(actionDir, actionPath),
+						},
+						"command": {
+							Description: "(Actual program)",
+							Required:    false,
+							Default:     val,
+						},
+					},
+					Runs: model.ActionRuns{
+						Using: "node12",
+						Main:  "trampoline.js",
+					},
+				}
+				logger.Debugf("Using synthetic action %v", action)
+				return action, nil
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -125,8 +121,7 @@ func readActionImpl(ctx context.Context, step *model.Step, actionDir, actionPath
 	}
 	defer closer.Close()
 
-	action, err := model.ReadAction(reader)
+	return model.ReadAction(reader)
-	return action, err
 }
 
 func maybeCopyToActionDir(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, actionDir, actionPath, containerActionDir string) error {
@@ -153,7 +148,7 @@ func maybeCopyToActionDir(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, actionDir, actio
 
 	if !rc.Config.NoActionPatch {
 		// Other jobs share the directory, so patch under the copy's lock.
-		defer patchActions(ctx, actionScriptPaths(filepath.Join(actionDir, actionPath), step.getActionModel()))()
+		defer patchActions(ctx, actionScriptPaths(actionDir, filepath.Join(actionDir, actionPath), step.getActionModel()))()
 	}
 
 	return rc.JobContainer.CopyDir(containerActionDirCopy, actionDir+"/", false, true)(ctx) // an exported commit has no .git to apply gitignore with
@@ -166,7 +161,7 @@ func runActionImpl(step actionStep, actionDir string, remoteAction *remoteAction
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 		actionPath := ""
-		if remoteAction != nil && remoteAction.Path != "" {
+		if remoteAction != nil {
 			actionPath = remoteAction.Path
 		}
 
@@ -178,7 +173,6 @@ func runActionImpl(step actionStep, actionDir string, remoteAction *remoteAction
 			return err
 		}
 
-		actionLocation := path.Join(actionDir, actionPath)
 		actionName, containerActionDir := getContainerActionPaths(step)
 
 		logger.Debugf("type=%v actionDir=%s actionPath=%s workdir=%s actionCacheDir=%s actionName=%s containerActionDir=%s", stepModel.Type(), actionDir, actionPath, rc.Config.Workdir, rc.ActionCacheDir(), actionName, containerActionDir)
@@ -196,7 +190,7 @@ func runActionImpl(step actionStep, actionDir string, remoteAction *remoteAction
 
 			return rc.JobContainer.Exec(containerArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", "")(ctx)
 		case x.IsDocker():
-			location := actionLocation
+			location := path.Join(actionDir, actionPath)
 			if remoteAction == nil {
 				location = containerActionDir
 			}
@@ -215,12 +209,9 @@ func runActionImpl(step actionStep, actionDir string, remoteAction *remoteAction
 			rc.ApplyExtraPath(ctx, step.getEnv())
 
 			execFileName := action.Runs.Main + ".out"
-			buildArgs := []string{"go", "build", "-o", execFileName, action.Runs.Main}
-			execArgs := []string{filepath.Join(containerActionDir, execFileName)}
-
 			return common.NewPipelineExecutor(
-				rc.JobContainer.Exec(buildArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", containerActionDir),
+				rc.JobContainer.Exec([]string{"go", "build", "-o", execFileName, action.Runs.Main}, *step.getEnv(), "", containerActionDir),
-				rc.JobContainer.Exec(execArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", ""),
+				rc.JobContainer.Exec([]string{filepath.Join(containerActionDir, execFileName)}, *step.getEnv(), "", ""),
 			)(ctx)
 		default:
 			return fmt.Errorf("the runs.using key must be one of: %v, got %s", []string{
@@ -259,16 +250,14 @@ func dockerActionImageTag(repository, actionName string, localAction bool) strin
 		name = path.Join(repository, actionName)
 	}
 	// The human-readable name is sanitized by collapsing every non-alphanumeric character to "-".
-	sanitized := regexp.MustCompile("[^a-zA-Z0-9]").ReplaceAllString(name, "-")
+	sanitized := dockerActionNamePattern.ReplaceAllString(name, "-")
 	if localAction {
 		// For local actions a short hash of the raw repository and action path is appended so the tag stays unique per repository.
 		sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(repository + "\x00" + actionName))
 		sanitized += "-" + hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])[:12]
 	}
 	// "-dockeraction" ensures that "./", "./test " won't get converted to "act-:latest", "act-test-:latest" which are invalid docker image names
-	image := fmt.Sprintf("%s-dockeraction:%s", sanitized, "latest")
+	return strings.ToLower("act-" + strings.TrimLeft(sanitized+"-dockeraction:latest", "-"))
-	image = "act-" + strings.TrimLeft(image, "-")
-	return strings.ToLower(image)
 }
 
 // One image per step and job: its stages share a build, and concurrent jobs never run each other's.
@@ -485,20 +474,15 @@ func newStepContainer(ctx context.Context, step step, image string, cmd, entrypo
 }
 
 func populateEnvsFromSavedState(env *map[string]string, step actionStep, rc *RunContext) {
-	state, ok := rc.IntraActionState[step.getStepModel().ID]
+	for name, value := range rc.IntraActionState[step.getStepModel().ID] {
-	if ok {
+		(*env)["STATE_"+name] = value
-		for name, value := range state {
-			envName := "STATE_" + name
-			(*env)[envName] = value
-		}
 	}
 }
 
 func populateEnvsFromInput(ctx context.Context, env *map[string]string, action *model.Action, rc *RunContext) error {
 	eval := rc.NewExpressionEvaluator(ctx)
 	for inputID, input := range action.Inputs {
-		envKey := regexp.MustCompile("[^A-Z0-9-]").ReplaceAllString(strings.ToUpper(inputID), "_")
+		envKey := "INPUT_" + inputEnvPattern.ReplaceAllString(strings.ToUpper(inputID), "_")
-		envKey = "INPUT_" + envKey
 		if _, ok := (*env)[envKey]; !ok {
 			var err error
 			if (*env)[envKey], err = eval.Interpolate(ctx, input.Default); err != nil {
@@ -637,12 +621,9 @@ func runPreStep(step actionStep) common.Executor {
 			rc.ApplyExtraPath(ctx, step.getEnv())
 
 			execFileName := action.Runs.Pre + ".out"
-			buildArgs := []string{"go", "build", "-o", execFileName, action.Runs.Pre}
-			execArgs := []string{filepath.Join(containerActionDir, execFileName)}
-
 			return common.NewPipelineExecutor(
-				rc.JobContainer.Exec(buildArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", containerActionDir),
+				rc.JobContainer.Exec([]string{"go", "build", "-o", execFileName, action.Runs.Pre}, *step.getEnv(), "", containerActionDir),
-				rc.JobContainer.Exec(execArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", ""),
+				rc.JobContainer.Exec([]string{filepath.Join(containerActionDir, execFileName)}, *step.getEnv(), "", ""),
 			)(ctx)
 		default:
 			return nil
@@ -653,7 +634,7 @@ func runPreStep(step actionStep) common.Executor {
 func shouldRunPostStep(step actionStep) common.Conditional {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) bool {
 		log := common.Logger(ctx)
-		stepResults := step.getRunContext().getStepsContext()
+		stepResults := step.getRunContext().StepResults
 		stepResult := stepResults[step.getStepModel().ID]
 
 		if stepResult == nil {
@@ -731,12 +712,9 @@ func runPostStep(step actionStep) common.Executor {
 			rc.ApplyExtraPath(ctx, step.getEnv())
 
 			execFileName := action.Runs.Post + ".out"
-			buildArgs := []string{"go", "build", "-o", execFileName, action.Runs.Post}
-			execArgs := []string{filepath.Join(containerActionDir, execFileName)}
-
 			return common.NewPipelineExecutor(
-				rc.JobContainer.Exec(buildArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", containerActionDir),
+				rc.JobContainer.Exec([]string{"go", "build", "-o", execFileName, action.Runs.Post}, *step.getEnv(), "", containerActionDir),
-				rc.JobContainer.Exec(execArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", ""),
+				rc.JobContainer.Exec([]string{filepath.Join(containerActionDir, execFileName)}, *step.getEnv(), "", ""),
 			)(ctx)
 
 		default:

act/runner/action_composite.go

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"regexp"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -32,8 +31,7 @@ func evaluateCompositeInputAndEnv(ctx context.Context, parent *RunContext, step
 	ee := parent.NewStepExpressionEvaluator(ctx, step)
 
 	for inputID, input := range step.getActionModel().Inputs {
-		envKey := regexp.MustCompile("[^A-Z0-9-]").ReplaceAllString(strings.ToUpper(inputID), "_")
+		envKey := "INPUT_" + inputEnvPattern.ReplaceAllString(strings.ToUpper(inputID), "_")
-		envKey = "INPUT_" + strings.ToUpper(envKey)
 
 		// lookup if key is defined in the step but the already
 		// evaluated value from the environment
@@ -211,19 +209,16 @@ func (rc *RunContext) compositeExecutor(action *model.Action) *compositeSteps {
 		}
 
 		stepID := step.getStepModel().ID
-		stepPre := rc.newCompositeCommandExecutor(step.pre())
+		preSteps = append(preSteps, newCompositeStepLogExecutor(rc.newCompositeCommandExecutor(step.pre()), stepID))
-		preSteps = append(preSteps, newCompositeStepLogExecutor(stepPre, stepID))
 
 		steps = append(steps, newCompositeStepLogExecutor(rc.newCompositeCommandExecutor(step.main()), stepID))
 
 		// run the post executor in reverse order
+		stepPost := rc.newCompositeCommandExecutor(step.post())
 		if postExecutor != nil {
-			stepPost := rc.newCompositeCommandExecutor(step.post())
+			stepPost = stepPost.Finally(postExecutor)
-			postExecutor = newCompositeStepLogExecutor(stepPost.Finally(postExecutor), stepID)
-		} else {
-			stepPost := rc.newCompositeCommandExecutor(step.post())
-			postExecutor = newCompositeStepLogExecutor(stepPost, stepID)
 		}
+		postExecutor = newCompositeStepLogExecutor(stepPost, stepID)
 	}
 
 	steps = append(steps, common.JobError)
@@ -241,14 +236,7 @@ func (rc *RunContext) compositeExecutor(action *model.Action) *compositeSteps {
 
 func (rc *RunContext) newCompositeCommandExecutor(executor common.Executor) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		ctx = WithCompositeLogger(ctx, &rc.Masks)
+		return rc.withCommandLogWriter(WithCompositeLogger(ctx, &rc.Masks), executor)
-
-		logWriter := rc.commandLogWriter(ctx)
-
-		oldout, olderr := rc.JobContainer.ReplaceLogWriter(logWriter, logWriter)
-		defer rc.JobContainer.ReplaceLogWriter(oldout, olderr)
-
-		return executor(ctx)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -257,12 +245,12 @@ func newCompositeStepLogExecutor(runStep common.Executor, stepID string) common.
 		ctx = WithCompositeStepLogger(ctx, stepID)
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 		err := runStep(ctx)
+		if err == nil {
+			err = ctx.Err()
+		}
 		if err != nil {
 			logger.Errorf("##[error]%s", EscapeCommandData(err.Error()))
 			common.SetJobError(ctx, err)
-		} else if ctx.Err() != nil {
-			logger.Errorf("##[error]%s", EscapeCommandData(ctx.Err().Error()))
-			common.SetJobError(ctx, ctx.Err())
 		}
 		return nil
 	}

act/runner/action_composite_test.go

@@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ func TestAppendUniqueMasks(t *testing.T) {
 		want []string
 	}{
 		{
-			name: "appends new masks",
+			name: "appends each new mask once",
 			dst:  []string{"a"},
-			src:  []string{"b", "c"},
+			src:  []string{"b", "c", "b", "a"},
 			want: []string{"a", "b", "c"},
 		},
 		{
@@ -82,12 +82,6 @@ func TestAppendUniqueMasks(t *testing.T) {
 			src:  []string{"a", "b"},
 			want: []string{"a", "b"},
 		},
-		{
-			name: "deduplicates within src",
-			dst:  []string{"a"},
-			src:  []string{"b", "b", "a"},
-			want: []string{"a", "b"},
-		},
 		{
 			name: "empty src leaves dst unchanged",
 			dst:  []string{"a"},
@@ -103,26 +97,6 @@ func TestAppendUniqueMasks(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// TestAppendUniqueMasksNoExponentialGrowth reproduces the exponential growth of
-// the parent's Masks slice observed with nested/repeated composite actions. A
-// composite RunContext is seeded with its parent's masks and the whole seeded
-// slice was previously appended back into the parent, doubling its length on
-// every composite action.
-func TestAppendUniqueMasksNoExponentialGrowth(t *testing.T) {
-	parentMasks := []string{"secret"}
-
-	for range 20 {
-		// compositeRC.Masks starts as a copy of the parent's masks (it is
-		// seeded with parent.Masks in newCompositeRunContext).
-		compositeMasks := make([]string, len(parentMasks))
-		copy(compositeMasks, parentMasks)
-
-		parentMasks = appendUniqueMasks(parentMasks, compositeMasks)
-	}
-
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"secret"}, parentMasks)
-}
-
 func TestCompositeStepIfReadsJobStatusExceptInItsOwnMainSteps(t *testing.T) {
 	failStep := func(rc *RunContext) {
 		rc.StepResults["failed"] = &model.StepResult{Conclusion: model.StepStatusFailure}

act/runner/action_test.go

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ runs:
 				return strings.NewReader(tt.fileContent), closerFunc(func() { closed = true }), nil
 			}
 
-			writeFile := func(filename string, data []byte, perm fs.FileMode) error {
+			writeFile := func(filename string, _data []byte, perm fs.FileMode) error {
 				assert.Equal(t, "actionDir/actionPath/trampoline.js", filename)
 				assert.Equal(t, fs.FileMode(0o644), perm)
 				return nil
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ runs:
 
 			action, err := readActionImpl(t.Context(), tt.step, "actionDir", "actionPath", readFile, writeFile)
 
-			assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, action)
 
 			assert.Equal(t, tt.filename != "", closed)
@@ -144,94 +144,27 @@ runs:
 
 func TestActionRunner(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Chdir(t.TempDir())
-	table := []struct {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
 		name        string
-		step        actionStep
+		inputs      map[string]model.Input
+		state       map[string]string
 		expectedEnv map[string]string
 	}{
 		{
-			name: "with-input",
+			name:        "with-input",
-			step: &stepActionRemote{
+			inputs:      map[string]model.Input{"key": {Default: "default value"}},
-				Step: &model.Step{
-					Uses: "org/repo/path@ref",
-				},
-				RunContext: &RunContext{
-					Config: &Config{},
-					Run: &model.Run{
-						JobID: "job",
-						Workflow: &model.Workflow{
-							Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{
-								"job": {
-									Name: "job",
-								},
-							},
-						},
-					},
-				},
-				action: &model.Action{
-					Inputs: map[string]model.Input{
-						"key": {
-							Default: "default value",
-						},
-					},
-					Runs: model.ActionRuns{
-						Using: "node16",
-					},
-				},
-				env:          map[string]string{},
-				remoteAction: mustNewRemoteAction(t, "org/repo/path@ref"),
-			},
 			expectedEnv: map[string]string{"INPUT_KEY": "default value"},
 		},
 		{
-			name: "restore-saved-state",
+			name:        "restore-saved-state",
-			step: &stepActionRemote{
+			state:       map[string]string{"name": "state value"},
-				Step: &model.Step{
-					ID:   "step",
-					Uses: "org/repo/path@ref",
-				},
-				RunContext: &RunContext{
-					ActionPath: "path",
-					Config:     &Config{},
-					Run: &model.Run{
-						JobID: "job",
-						Workflow: &model.Workflow{
-							Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{
-								"job": {
-									Name: "job",
-								},
-							},
-						},
-					},
-					CurrentStep: "post-step",
-					StepResults: map[string]*model.StepResult{
-						"step": {},
-					},
-					IntraActionState: map[string]map[string]string{
-						"step": {
-							"name": "state value",
-						},
-					},
-				},
-				action: &model.Action{
-					Runs: model.ActionRuns{
-						Using: "node16",
-					},
-				},
-				env:          map[string]string{},
-				remoteAction: mustNewRemoteAction(t, "org/repo/path@ref"),
-			},
 			expectedEnv: map[string]string{"STATE_name": "state value"},
 		},
-	}
+	} {
-
-	for _, tt := range table {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			ctx := t.Context()
-
 			cm := &containerMock{}
 			containerActionDir := "/var/run/act/actions/" + model.UsesHash("/org/repo/path@ref") + "/"
-			cm.On("CopyDir", containerActionDir, "dir/", false, true).Return(func(ctx context.Context) error { return nil })
+			cm.On("CopyDir", containerActionDir, "dir/", false, true).Return(func(_ctx context.Context) error { return nil })
 
 			envMatcher := mock.MatchedBy(func(env map[string]string) bool {
 				for k, v := range tt.expectedEnv {
@@ -241,14 +174,22 @@ func TestActionRunner(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 				return true
 			})
+			cm.On("Exec", []string{"node", "--preserve-symlinks-main", containerActionDir + "path"}, envMatcher, "", "").Return(func(_ctx context.Context) error { return nil })
 
-			cm.On("Exec", []string{"node", "--preserve-symlinks-main", containerActionDir + "path"}, envMatcher, "", "").Return(func(ctx context.Context) error { return nil })
+			remoteAction := mustNewRemoteAction(t, "org/repo/path@ref")
-
+			step := &stepActionRemote{
-			tt.step.getRunContext().JobContainer = cm
+				Step: &model.Step{ID: "step", Uses: "org/repo/path@ref"},
-
+				RunContext: &RunContext{
-			err := runActionImpl(tt.step, "dir", mustNewRemoteAction(t, "org/repo/path@ref"))(ctx)
+					Config:           &Config{},
-
+					Run:              &model.Run{JobID: "job", Workflow: &model.Workflow{Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"job": {}}}},
-			assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+					IntraActionState: map[string]map[string]string{"step": tt.state},
+					JobContainer:     cm,
+				},
+				action:       &model.Action{Inputs: tt.inputs, Runs: model.ActionRuns{Using: "node16"}},
+				env:          map[string]string{},
+				remoteAction: remoteAction,
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, runActionImpl(step, "dir", remoteAction)(t.Context()))
 			cm.AssertExpectations(t)
 		})
 	}
@@ -322,7 +263,6 @@ func TestNewStepContainerDoesNotUseDockerSecrets(t *testing.T) {
 
 	newStepContainer(ctx, step, "registry.example.com/action:tag", nil, nil, "")
 
-	// DOCKER_USERNAME/DOCKER_PASSWORD should not be injected as pull credentials for docker action containers.
 	assert.Empty(t, captured.Username)
 	assert.Empty(t, captured.Password)
 	assert.True(t, captured.AutoRemove)
@@ -478,15 +418,11 @@ func TestExecAsDockerHoldsCloneLockForRemoteUncached(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDockerActionImageTag(t *testing.T) {
-	// Remote actions already carry a unique, ref-scoped actionName (the uses
-	// hash), so the tag must be left untouched for backwards compatibility.
 	assert.Equal(t,
 		"act-abc123-dockeraction:latest",
 		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "abc123", false),
 	)
 
-	// Local actions keep a human-readable, repository-namespaced prefix and gain a short hash suffix that makes the tag unique per (repository, actionName).
-	// See https://gitea.com/gitea/runner/issues/1039.
 	assert.Equal(t,
 		"act-owner-repo-baca2daaa2fe-dockeraction:latest",
 		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "./", true),
@@ -496,16 +432,11 @@ func TestDockerActionImageTag(t *testing.T) {
 		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "./sub", true),
 	)
 
-	// Sanitizing every non-alphanumeric character to "-" is lossy, so distinct inputs can collapse to the same readable prefix.
-	// The hash suffix must keep such cases apart, otherwise an image built for one repository is reused for another.
 	collisions := [][2]struct {
 		repoName   string
 		actionName string
 	}{
-		// Two different repositories, both `uses: ./`: "a/b-c" and "a-b/c" both sanitize to "a-b-c".
 		{{"a/b-c", "./"}, {"a-b/c", "./"}},
-		// A repository's root action vs another repository's sub-path action:
-		// "owner/repo-a" + "./" and "owner/repo" + "./a" both sanitize to "owner-repo-a".
 		{{"owner/repo-a", "./"}, {"owner/repo", "./a"}},
 	}
 	for _, c := range collisions {
@@ -517,7 +448,6 @@ func TestDockerActionImageTag(t *testing.T) {
 		)
 	}
 
-	// Distinct local actions within the same repository keep distinct tags.
 	assert.NotEqual(t,
 		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "./", true),
 		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "./sub", true),

act/runner/cancellation_test.go

@@ -66,145 +66,93 @@ func TestCancelledJobStatusEnablesAlwaysAndCancelledSteps(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "cancelled", rc.Run.Job().Result)
 }
 
-// TestMainStepsExecutorRunsAlwaysStepsAfterCancel verifies that newMainStepsExecutor does
+func TestMainStepsExecutorRunsAlwaysStepsAfterInterruption(t *testing.T) {
-// not abandon the remaining steps when the run is cancelled mid-pipeline. The later step
+	for name, wantError := range map[string]error{"cancel": context.Canceled, "timeout": context.DeadlineExceeded} {
-// still runs (so a main-stage always() step is reached), it runs under a fresh,
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-// non-cancelled context, and the job is marked cancelled. The interrupt error is still
+			rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-// propagated so callers up the chain see the cancellation.
+				"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
-func TestMainStepsExecutorRunsAlwaysStepsAfterCancel(t *testing.T) {
+			})
-	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
+			var ctx context.Context
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
+			var interrupt func()
-	})
+			if wantError == context.Canceled {
+				ctx, interrupt = context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+				defer interrupt()
+			} else {
+				deadline := newControllableDeadlineContext(t.Context())
+				ctx, interrupt = deadline, deadline.expire
+			}
 
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+			var ran []string
-	defer cancel()
+			var laterStepCtxErr error
+			err := newMainStepsExecutor(rc, []common.Executor{
+				func(_ctx context.Context) error {
+					ran = append(ran, "step1")
+					interrupt()
+					return nil
+				},
+				func(ctx context.Context) error {
+					ran = append(ran, "always-step")
+					laterStepCtxErr = ctx.Err()
+					return nil
+				},
+			})(ctx)
 
-	var ran []string
+			require.ErrorIs(t, err, wantError)
-	var laterStepCtxErr error
+			assert.Equal(t, []string{"step1", "always-step"}, ran)
-	steps := []common.Executor{
+			require.NoError(t, laterStepCtxErr)
-		func(_ context.Context) error {
+			assert.Equal(t, wantError == context.Canceled, rc.jobCancelled)
-			ran = append(ran, "step1")
+			if wantError == context.DeadlineExceeded {
-			cancel() // server cancellation lands while step1 runs
+				assert.True(t, rc.jobFailed)
-			return nil
+				assert.Equal(t, "failure", rc.getJobContext().Status)
-		},
+			}
-		func(c context.Context) error {
+		})
-			ran = append(ran, "always-step")
-			laterStepCtxErr = c.Err()
-			return nil
-		},
 	}
-
-	err := newMainStepsExecutor(rc, steps)(ctx)
-
-	require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled, "interrupt error is propagated")
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"step1", "always-step"}, ran, "the always() step still runs after cancel")
-	require.NoError(t, laterStepCtxErr, "remaining steps run under a fresh, non-cancelled context")
-	assert.True(t, rc.jobCancelled, "the job is marked cancelled")
 }
 
-// TestMainStepsExecutorMarksFailedOnTimeoutBetweenSteps guards the timeout path's symmetry with the cancel path.
+func TestStepsExecutorRunsMainStepsAfterPreInterruption(t *testing.T) {
-// When the job deadline (timeout-minutes) lands in the gap between two steps, the job must be marked as failed (not cancelled),
+	for name, tt := range map[string]struct {
-// so always()/failure() cleanup steps run while default success() steps skip, and so the timed-out job is not reported as success.
+		cancel    bool
-func TestMainStepsExecutorMarksFailedOnTimeoutBetweenSteps(t *testing.T) {
+		preErr    error
-	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
+		wantError error
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
+	}{
-	})
+		"cancel":  {cancel: true, wantError: context.Canceled},
+		"failure": {preErr: assert.AnError, wantError: assert.AnError},
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
+				"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
+			})
+			ctx := t.Context()
+			var cancel context.CancelFunc
+			if tt.cancel {
+				ctx, cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+				defer cancel()
+			}
 
-	ctx := newControllableDeadlineContext(t.Context())
+			var ran []string
+			var mainStepCtxErr error
+			err := newStepsExecutor(rc, []common.Executor{
+				func(_ctx context.Context) error {
+					ran = append(ran, "pre1")
+					if tt.cancel {
+						cancel()
+					}
+					return tt.preErr
+				},
+			}, []common.Executor{
+				func(ctx context.Context) error {
+					ran = append(ran, "always-step")
+					mainStepCtxErr = ctx.Err()
+					return nil
+				},
+			})(ctx)
 
-	var ran []string
+			require.ErrorIs(t, err, tt.wantError)
-	var laterStepCtxErr error
+			assert.Equal(t, []string{"pre1", "always-step"}, ran)
-	steps := []common.Executor{
+			require.NoError(t, mainStepCtxErr)
-		func(context.Context) error {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.cancel, rc.jobCancelled)
-			ran = append(ran, "step1")
+		})
-			ctx.expire()
-			return nil
-		},
-		func(c context.Context) error {
-			ran = append(ran, "always-step")
-			laterStepCtxErr = c.Err()
-			return nil
-		},
 	}
-
-	err := newMainStepsExecutor(rc, steps)(ctx)
-
-	require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded, "the timeout error is propagated")
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"step1", "always-step"}, ran, "the always() step still runs after a timeout")
-	require.NoError(t, laterStepCtxErr, "remaining steps run under a fresh, non-expired context")
-	assert.True(t, rc.jobFailed, "a job timeout marks the job failed")
-	assert.False(t, rc.jobCancelled, "a timeout is not a cancellation")
-
-	// The status the real main-step `if` evaluation sees: "failure", so default success() steps skip while always()/failure() steps run.
-	assert.Equal(t, "failure", rc.getJobContext().Status)
-}
-
-// TestStepsExecutorRunsMainStepsAfterPreCancel verifies that a cancellation landing during the
-// pre phase does not abandon the main steps: newStepsExecutor still runs the main-steps executor,
-// so a main-stage always()/cancelled() step is reached (under a fresh, non-cancelled context),
-// the job is marked cancelled, and the cancellation is propagated. Before the fix the `.Then(...)`
-// short-circuit skipped the main steps entirely when a pre step was cancelled.
-func TestStepsExecutorRunsMainStepsAfterPreCancel(t *testing.T) {
-	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
-	})
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
-	defer cancel()
-
-	var ran []string
-	var mainStepCtxErr error
-	preSteps := []common.Executor{
-		func(_ context.Context) error {
-			ran = append(ran, "pre1")
-			cancel() // server cancellation lands during the pre phase
-			return nil
-		},
-	}
-	steps := []common.Executor{
-		func(c context.Context) error {
-			ran = append(ran, "always-step")
-			mainStepCtxErr = c.Err()
-			return nil
-		},
-	}
-
-	err := newStepsExecutor(rc, preSteps, steps)(ctx)
-
-	require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled, "the cancellation is propagated")
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"pre1", "always-step"}, ran, "the main always() step runs after a pre-phase cancel")
-	require.NoError(t, mainStepCtxErr, "the main step runs under a fresh, non-cancelled context")
-	assert.True(t, rc.jobCancelled, "the job is marked cancelled")
-}
-
-// TestStepsExecutorRunsMainStepsAfterPreFailure verifies that a failing pre step does not abandon
-// the main steps: they still run (so a main-stage always()/failure() step is reached), and the
-// pre-step error is propagated so the job is reported as failed. The main steps' own `if`
-// evaluation is what skips success()-default steps, so running them here is safe.
-func TestStepsExecutorRunsMainStepsAfterPreFailure(t *testing.T) {
-	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
-	})
-
-	var ran []string
-	preSteps := []common.Executor{
-		func(_ context.Context) error {
-			ran = append(ran, "pre1")
-			return assert.AnError
-		},
-	}
-	steps := []common.Executor{
-		func(_ context.Context) error {
-			ran = append(ran, "always-step")
-			return nil
-		},
-	}
-
-	err := newStepsExecutor(rc, preSteps, steps)(t.Context())
-
-	require.ErrorIs(t, err, assert.AnError, "the pre-step error is propagated")
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"pre1", "always-step"}, ran, "the main always() step runs after a pre-step failure")
-	assert.False(t, rc.jobCancelled, "a pre-step failure is not a cancellation")
 }
 
 // TestPreStepFailureAffectsMainStepIfStatus verifies the status path used by real

act/runner/command.go

@@ -5,61 +5,72 @@
 package runner
 
 import (
+	"cmp"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"regexp"
 	"strings"
+	"unicode"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 )
 
-var commandPatternGA *regexp.Regexp
+// parseActionCommand parses like GitHub's runner, but rejects a bare \r GitHub would split at and keeps a value's leading '=' so masks match.
-
+func parseActionCommand(line, resumeCommand string) (command string, properties map[string]string, data string, ok bool) {
-var commandPatternADO *regexp.Regexp
+	line = strings.TrimRight(line, "\r\n")
-
+	if strings.ContainsAny(line, "\r\n") {
-func init() {
+		return "", nil, "", false
-	commandPatternGA = regexp.MustCompile("^::([^ ]+?)( (.+?))?::([^\r\n]*)[\r\n]*$")
-	// excluding ']' ends the command info at the first bracket, as GitHub does
-	commandPatternADO = regexp.MustCompile("^##\\[([^ \\]]+)( ([^\\]]*))?]([^\r\n]*)[\r\n]*$")
-}
-
-func tryParseRawActionCommand(line string) (command string, kvPairs map[string]string, arg string, ok bool) {
-	command, kvPairs, arg, _, ok = tryParseActionCommand(line)
-	return command, kvPairs, arg, ok
-}
-
-func tryParseActionCommand(line string) (command string, kvPairs map[string]string, arg string, legacy, ok bool) {
-	if m := commandPatternGA.FindStringSubmatch(line); m != nil {
-		command = m[1]
-		kvPairs = parseKeyValuePairs(m[3], ",")
-		arg = m[4]
-		ok = true
-	} else if m := commandPatternADO.FindStringSubmatch(line); m != nil {
-		command = m[1]
-		kvPairs = parseKeyValuePairs(m[3], ";")
-		arg = m[4]
-		legacy = true
-		ok = true
 	}
-	return command, kvPairs, arg, legacy, ok
+	trimmed := strings.TrimLeftFunc(line, unicode.IsSpace)
+	for _, legacy := range []bool{false, true} {
+		header, found := strings.CutPrefix(trimmed, "::")
+		separator, propertySeparator, unescapeProperty, unescapeData := "::", ",", commandPropertyUnescaper.Replace, UnescapeCommandData
+		if legacy {
+			_, header, found = strings.Cut(line, "##[")
+			separator, propertySeparator, unescapeProperty, unescapeData = "]", ";", UnescapeLegacyCommand, UnescapeLegacyCommand
+		}
+		if !found {
+			continue
+		}
+		header, data, found := strings.Cut(header, separator)
+		if !found {
+			continue
+		}
+		command, propertyList, _ := strings.Cut(header, " ")
+		command = strings.ToLower(command)
+		switch command {
+		case "stop-commands", "set-env", "set-output", "save-state", "add-path", "add-mask", "add-matcher",
+			"remove-matcher", "warning", "error", "notice", "debug", "group", "endgroup", "echo":
+		default:
+			if resumeCommand == "" || !strings.EqualFold(command, resumeCommand) {
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		if !legacy {
+			propertyList = strings.TrimSpace(propertyList)
+		}
+		properties := map[string]string{}
+		for property := range strings.SplitSeq(propertyList, propertySeparator) {
+			if key, value, _ := strings.Cut(strings.TrimLeft(property, "="), "="); value != "" {
+				properties[strings.ToLower(key)] = unescapeProperty(value)
+			}
+		}
+		return command, properties, unescapeData(data), true
+	}
+	return "", nil, "", false
 }
 
+// commandHandler reports whether a line is logged, keeping per-handler command state as GitHub does.
 func (rc *RunContext) commandHandler(ctx context.Context) common.LineHandler {
-	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+	rawLogger := common.Logger(ctx).With(rawOutputField, true)
+	debug := rc.topLevelRunContext().Config.RunnerDebug()
+	echo := debug
 	resumeCommand := ""
 	return func(line string) bool {
-		command, kvPairs, arg, legacy, ok := tryParseActionCommand(line)
+		command, kvPairs, arg, ok := parseActionCommand(line, resumeCommand)
 		if !ok {
 			return true
 		}
-		command = strings.ToLower(command)
-
 		if resumeCommand != "" {
-			// There should not be any emojis in the log output for Gitea.
-			// Return true (not false) so the line still reaches the raw_output
-			// log handler; otherwise everything between ::stop-commands:: and
-			// its end token is silently dropped from the step log.
-			logger.Infof("%s", line)
 			// Resumed here rather than from the switch, because the end token is arbitrary
 			// and a token naming a real command would otherwise never resume.
 			if strings.EqualFold(command, resumeCommand) {
@@ -67,15 +78,9 @@ func (rc *RunContext) commandHandler(ctx context.Context) common.LineHandler {
 			}
 			return true
 		}
-		if legacy {
+		echoed := echo
-			arg = UnescapeLegacyCommand(arg)
-			kvPairs = unescapeKvPairs(kvPairs, UnescapeLegacyCommand)
-		} else {
-			arg = UnescapeCommandData(arg)
-			kvPairs = unescapeKvPairs(kvPairs, unescapeCommandProperty)
-		}
 		if (command == "set-env" || command == "add-path") && rc.refuseUnsecureCommand(ctx, command) {
-			return true
+			return echoed
 		}
 		switch command {
 		case "set-env":
@@ -83,26 +88,67 @@ func (rc *RunContext) commandHandler(ctx context.Context) common.LineHandler {
 		case "set-output":
 			rc.setOutput(ctx, kvPairs, arg)
 		case "add-path":
-			rc.addPath(ctx, arg)
+			rc.addPath(arg)
+		case "save-state":
+			rc.saveState(ctx, kvPairs, arg)
+		case "echo":
+			switch strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(arg)) {
+			case "on":
+				echo = true
+			case "off":
+				echo = false
+			}
 		case "add-mask":
-			rc.AddMask(arg)
+			rc.AddMask(ctx, arg)
-			logger.Infof("%s", "***")
+			if echoed {
-			// The raw line is still forwarded, carrying the secret: that is how the reporter
+				rawLogger.Infof("::add-mask::***")
-			// learns the mask, and it drops the row rather than writing it out.
+			}
+			return false
 		case "stop-commands":
 			resumeCommand = arg
-			logger.Infof("%s", line)
+			if len(arg) > 6 { // as on GitHub, so the log does not give away the resume token
-		case "save-state":
+				rc.AddMask(ctx, arg)
-			logger.Infof("%s", line)
+			}
-			rc.saveState(ctx, kvPairs, arg)
+			return true
-		default:
+		case "debug":
-			// ::debug::, ::error::, ::warning::, ::add-matcher:: and anything unrecognised are
+			return debug
-			// passed through for the reporter and Gitea's web UI to render.
+		case "notice", "warning", "error":
-			logger.Infof("%s", line)
+			rawLogger.Infof("%s", formatAnnotation(command, kvPairs, arg))
+			return false
+		case "group", "endgroup":
+			return true
 		}
+		return echoed
+	}
+}
 
-		// return true to let gitea's logger handle these special outputs also
+// formatAnnotation folds the location and title into the message, as Gitea's web UI drops command properties.
-		return true
+func formatAnnotation(level string, properties map[string]string, message string) string {
+	prefix := properties["file"]
+	if prefix != "" {
+		if line := properties["line"]; line != "" {
+			prefix += ":" + line
+			if col := cmp.Or(properties["col"], properties["column"]); col != "" {
+				prefix += ":" + col
+			}
+		}
+		prefix += ": "
+	}
+	if title := properties["title"]; title != "" {
+		prefix += title + ": "
+	}
+	return "::" + level + "::" + EscapeCommandData(prefix+message)
+}
+
+// serviceCommandHandler applies only ::add-mask::, so a service cannot set the job's env, outputs or state.
+func (rc *RunContext) serviceCommandHandler(ctx context.Context) common.LineHandler {
+	return func(line string) bool {
+		command, _, arg, ok := parseActionCommand(line, "")
+		if !ok || command != "add-mask" {
+			return true
+		}
+		rc.AddMask(ctx, arg)
+		return false
 	}
 }
 
@@ -112,7 +158,9 @@ const allowUnsecureCommandsVar = "ACTIONS_ALLOW_UNSECURE_COMMANDS"
 // not run, recording the error that fails the step. GitHub disabled both because a step that
 // echoes untrusted content can use them to set NODE_OPTIONS or PATH for every later step.
 func (rc *RunContext) refuseUnsecureCommand(ctx context.Context, command string) bool {
-	if rc.allowUnsecureCommandsOptIn() {
+	if isTruthyEnv(rc.currentStepEnv()[allowUnsecureCommandsVar]) ||
+		isTruthyEnv(rc.Env[allowUnsecureCommandsVar]) ||
+		isTruthyEnv(rc.GlobalEnv[allowUnsecureCommandsVar]) {
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -130,14 +178,6 @@ func (rc *RunContext) refuseUnsecureCommand(ctx context.Context, command string)
 	return true
 }
 
-// allowUnsecureCommandsOptIn reports whether the workflow itself asked for the deprecated
-// commands, from any env scope, as it can on GitHub.
-func (rc *RunContext) allowUnsecureCommandsOptIn() bool {
-	return isTruthyEnv(rc.currentStepEnv()[allowUnsecureCommandsVar]) ||
-		isTruthyEnv(rc.Env[allowUnsecureCommandsVar]) ||
-		isTruthyEnv(rc.GlobalEnv[allowUnsecureCommandsVar])
-}
-
 // isTruthyEnv mirrors GitHub's bool.TryParse: only "true", in any casing.
 func isTruthyEnv(v string) bool {
 	return strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(v), "true")
@@ -162,7 +202,6 @@ func (rc *RunContext) setEnv(ctx context.Context, kvPairs map[string]string, arg
 		common.Logger(ctx).With(rawOutputField, true).Errorf("##[error]%s", EscapeCommandData(message))
 		return
 	}
-	common.Logger(ctx).Infof("::set-env:: %s=%s", name, arg)
 	if rc.Env == nil {
 		rc.Env = make(map[string]string)
 	}
@@ -185,22 +224,18 @@ func (rc *RunContext) setEnvFile(ctx context.Context, kvPairs map[string]string,
 }
 
 func (rc *RunContext) setOutput(ctx context.Context, kvPairs map[string]string, arg string) {
-	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 	stepID := rc.CurrentStep
-	outputName := kvPairs["name"]
 
 	result, ok := rc.StepResults[stepID]
 	if !ok {
-		logger.Infof("No outputs registered for step '%s'", stepID)
+		common.Logger(ctx).Infof("No outputs registered for step '%s'", stepID)
 		return
 	}
 
-	logger.Infof("::set-output:: %s=%s", outputName, arg)
+	result.Outputs[kvPairs["name"]] = arg
-	result.Outputs[outputName] = arg
 }
 
-func (rc *RunContext) addPath(ctx context.Context, arg string) {
+func (rc *RunContext) addPath(arg string) {
-	common.Logger(ctx).Infof("::add-path:: %s", arg)
 	extraPath := []string{arg}
 	for _, v := range rc.ExtraPath {
 		if v != arg {
@@ -210,18 +245,6 @@ func (rc *RunContext) addPath(ctx context.Context, arg string) {
 	rc.ExtraPath = extraPath
 }
 
-func parseKeyValuePairs(kvPairs, separator string) map[string]string {
-	rtn := make(map[string]string)
-	kvPairList := strings.SplitSeq(kvPairs, separator)
-	for kvPair := range kvPairList {
-		kv := strings.SplitN(kvPair, "=", 2)
-		if len(kv) == 2 {
-			rtn[kv[0]] = kv[1]
-		}
-	}
-	return rtn
-}
-
 // A Replacer never rescans what it wrote, so "%250A" stays a literal "%0A".
 var (
 	commandDataEscaper       = strings.NewReplacer("%", "%25", "\r", "%0D", "\n", "%0A")
@@ -240,22 +263,11 @@ func UnescapeCommandData(arg string) string {
 	return commandDataUnescaper.Replace(arg)
 }
 
-func unescapeCommandProperty(arg string) string {
-	return commandPropertyUnescaper.Replace(arg)
-}
-
 // UnescapeLegacyCommand decodes a "##[cmd]" line, which also spells ";" and "]" escaped.
 func UnescapeLegacyCommand(arg string) string {
 	return legacyCommandUnescaper.Replace(arg)
 }
 
-func unescapeKvPairs(kvPairs map[string]string, unescape func(string) string) map[string]string {
-	for k, v := range kvPairs {
-		kvPairs[k] = unescape(v)
-	}
-	return kvPairs
-}
-
 func (rc *RunContext) saveState(_ context.Context, kvPairs map[string]string, arg string) {
 	stepID := rc.CurrentStep
 	if stepID != "" {

act/runner/command_test.go

@@ -5,12 +5,13 @@
 package runner
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"io"
-	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging/logtest"
 
 	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
@@ -18,9 +19,55 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
+func TestParseActionCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		name, line, resumeCommand, command string
+		properties                         map[string]string
+		data                               string
+		ok                                 bool
+	}{
+		{"plain", "plain output", "", "", nil, "", false},
+		{"unknown v2", "::unknown::v", "", "", nil, "", false},
+		{"missing v2 terminator", "::set-output name=x", "", "", nil, "", false},
+		{"empty command", "::::", "", "", nil, "", false},
+		{"text before v2", "debug ::set-output name=x::v", "", "", nil, "", false},
+		{"missing legacy terminator", "##[debug", "", "", nil, "", false},
+		{"tab is not a name separator", "::set-output\tname=x::v", "", "", nil, "", false},
+		{"v2 leading unicode whitespace and line endings", " \t\u2003::set-output name=tab::v\r\n\r\n", "", "set-output", map[string]string{"name": "tab"}, "v", true},
+		{"legacy prefix and casing", "prefix ##[SET-OUTPUT NAME=mid;]v\r\n", "", "set-output", map[string]string{"name": "mid"}, "v", true},
+		{"only first legacy prefix", "##[unknown]##[set-output name=x]v", "", "", nil, "", false},
+		{"v2 delimiter boundaries", "::set-output name=a:b,other=c:d:: a::b ", "", "set-output", map[string]string{"name": "a:b", "other": "c:d"}, " a::b ", true},
+		{"legacy first closing bracket", "##[set-output name=x]v]tail", "", "set-output", map[string]string{"name": "x"}, "v]tail", true},
+		{"v2 semicolons are literal", "::set-output name=x;y=z::v", "", "set-output", map[string]string{"name": "x;y=z"}, "v", true},
+		{"legacy commas are literal", "##[set-output name=x,y=z]v", "", "set-output", map[string]string{"name": "x,y=z"}, "v", true},
+		{"values keep their leading equals", "::set-output name==x=y,=key=v,empty=,=x,spaced= =x::v", "", "set-output", map[string]string{"name": "=x=y", "key": "v", "spaced": " =x"}, "v", true},
+		{"v2 trims whole list only", "::set-output  \tfile=x, line=2,name = value \t::v", "", "set-output", map[string]string{"file": "x", " line": "2", "name ": " value"}, "v", true},
+		{"legacy preserves list whitespace", "##[set-output  name=q ]v", "", "set-output", map[string]string{" name": "q "}, "v", true},
+		{"case insensitive duplicate keys", "::SET-OUTPUT NAME=first,Name=last::v", "", "set-output", map[string]string{"name": "last"}, "v", true},
+		{"keys stay escaped", "::set-output na%3Ame=x::v", "", "set-output", map[string]string{"na%3ame": "x"}, "v", true},
+		{"v2 decode table", "::set-output name=%0D%0A%3A%2C%25%253A%252C%250A%2525%3a%2c%0d%0a%3B%5D::%0D%0A%25%3A%2C%3B%5D%250A", "", "set-output", map[string]string{"name": "\r\n:,%%3A%2C%0A%25%3a%2c%0d%0a%3B%5D"}, "\r\n%%3A%2C%3B%5D%0A", true},
+		{"legacy decode table", "##[set-output name=%3B%0D%0A%5D%25%253B%255D%250A%2525%3b%5d%0d%0a%3A%2C]v%5Dw%3Bx", "", "set-output", map[string]string{"name": ";\r\n]%%3B%5D%0A%25%3b%5d%0d%0a%3A%2C"}, "v]w;x", true},
+		{"unknown v2 falls back to legacy", "::unknown::prefix ##[set-output name=x]v", "", "set-output", map[string]string{"name": "x"}, "v", true},
+		{"unterminated v2 falls back to legacy", "::debug ##[set-output name=x]v", "", "set-output", map[string]string{"name": "x"}, "v", true},
+		{"v2 wins over legacy", "::debug::##[set-output name=x]v", "", "debug", map[string]string{}, "##[set-output name=x]v", true},
+		{"internal line breaks are not commands", "::debug::hidden\rplain\r\n", "", "", nil, "", false},
+		{"v2 resume token", "::ReSuMe-ToKeN::", "RESUME-TOKEN", "resume-token", map[string]string{}, "", true},
+		{"legacy resume token", "prefix ##[RESUME-TOKEN]v", "resume-token", "resume-token", map[string]string{}, "v", true},
+		{"different resume token", "::other-token::", "resume-token", "", nil, "", false},
+	} {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			command, properties, data, ok := parseActionCommand(test.line, test.resumeCommand)
+			assert.Equal(t, test.command, command)
+			assert.Equal(t, test.properties, properties)
+			assert.Equal(t, test.data, data)
+			assert.Equal(t, test.ok, ok)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 // unsecureRC opts into ::set-env:: and ::add-path::, which are refused without it.
 func unsecureRC() *RunContext {
-	return &RunContext{Env: map[string]string{allowUnsecureCommandsVar: "true"}}
+	return &RunContext{Config: &Config{}, Env: map[string]string{allowUnsecureCommandsVar: "true"}}
 }
 
 func TestSetEnv(t *testing.T) {
@@ -37,212 +84,37 @@ func TestSetEnv(t *testing.T) {
 	a.NotContains(rc.Env, "NODE_OPTIONS")
 	a.NotContains(rc.Env, "node_options")
 	entries := hook.AllRecords()
-	require.Len(t, entries, 3)
+	require.Len(t, entries, 2)
-	a.Equal("##[error]Can't update NODE_OPTIONS environment variable using ::set-env:: command.", entries[1].Message)
+	a.Equal("##[error]Can't update NODE_OPTIONS environment variable using ::set-env:: command.", entries[0].Message)
-	a.Equal("##[error]Can't store NODE_OPTIONS output parameter using '$GITHUB_ENV' command.", entries[2].Message)
+	a.Equal("##[error]Can't store NODE_OPTIONS output parameter using '$GITHUB_ENV' command.", entries[1].Message)
-}
-
-func TestStopCommandsKeepsSuppressedLinesInLog(t *testing.T) {
-	a := assert.New(t)
-	ctx := t.Context()
-	rc := unsecureRC()
-	handler := rc.commandHandler(ctx)
-
-	// Stop command processing until the matching end token is seen.
-	a.True(handler("::stop-commands::my-end-token\n"))
-
-	// A command-shaped line while stopped must not be executed (env unchanged),
-	// but must still return true so it reaches the raw_output log handler and is
-	// not dropped from the step log.
-	a.True(handler("::set-env name=x::valz\n"))
-	a.NotContains(rc.Env, "x")
-
-	// The matching end token resumes command processing.
-	a.True(handler("::my-end-token::\n"))
-
-	// Commands are processed again after resuming.
-	a.True(handler("::set-env name=y::valy\n"))
-	a.Equal("valy", rc.Env["y"])
 }
 
 func TestSetOutput(t *testing.T) {
-	a := assert.New(t)
+	rc := &RunContext{Config: &Config{}, CurrentStep: "my-step", StepResults: map[string]*model.StepResult{"my-step": {Outputs: map[string]string{}}}}
-	ctx := t.Context()
+	handler := rc.commandHandler(t.Context())
-	rc := new(RunContext)
-	rc.StepResults = make(map[string]*model.StepResult)
-	handler := rc.commandHandler(ctx)
 
-	rc.CurrentStep = "my-step"
+	handler("::set-output NAME=modern%3A::v%0D%0A%25%3B%5D%250A\n")
-	rc.StepResults[rc.CurrentStep] = &model.StepResult{
+	handler("##[set-output name=legacy%3B%5D]v%0D%0A%25%3B%5D%250A\n")
-		Outputs: make(map[string]string),
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"modern:": "v\r\n%%3B%5D%0A", "legacy;]": "v\r\n%;]%0A"}, rc.StepResults["my-step"].Outputs)
-	}
-	handler("::set-output name=x::valz\n")
-	a.Equal("valz", rc.StepResults["my-step"].Outputs["x"])
-
-	handler("::set-output name=x::percent2%25\n")
-	a.Equal("percent2%", rc.StepResults["my-step"].Outputs["x"])
-
-	handler("::set-output name=x::percent2%25%0Atest\n")
-	a.Equal("percent2%\ntest", rc.StepResults["my-step"].Outputs["x"])
-
-	handler("::set-output name=x::percent2%25%0Atest another3%25test\n")
-	a.Equal("percent2%\ntest another3%test", rc.StepResults["my-step"].Outputs["x"])
-
-	handler("::set-output name=x%3A::percent2%25%0Atest\n")
-	a.Equal("percent2%\ntest", rc.StepResults["my-step"].Outputs["x:"])
-
-	handler("::set-output name=x%3A%2C%0A%25%0D%3A::percent2%25%0Atest\n")
-	a.Equal("percent2%\ntest", rc.StepResults["my-step"].Outputs["x:,\n%\r:"])
-	handler("::set-output name=symbol::std::vector")
-	a.Equal("std::vector", rc.StepResults["my-step"].Outputs["symbol"])
-	handler("::set-output name=a=b::value\n")
-	a.Equal("value", rc.StepResults["my-step"].Outputs["a=b"])
-	handler("##[set-output name=legacy%3B%5D]value%3B%5D")
-	a.Equal("value;]", rc.StepResults["my-step"].Outputs["legacy;]"])
-	handler("##[set-output name=bracket]value]tail")
-	a.Equal("value]tail", rc.StepResults["my-step"].Outputs["bracket"])
-	handler("::set-output name=modern%3B%5D::value%3B%5D\n")
-	a.Equal("value%3B%5D", rc.StepResults["my-step"].Outputs["modern%3B%5D"])
 }
 
 func TestAddpath(t *testing.T) {
-	a := assert.New(t)
+	for _, prefix := range []string{"::add-path::", "##[add-path]"} {
-	ctx := t.Context()
+		t.Run(prefix, func(t *testing.T) {
-	rc := unsecureRC()
+			rc := unsecureRC()
-	handler := rc.commandHandler(ctx)
+			handler := rc.commandHandler(t.Context())
-
+			handler(prefix + "/zoo\n")
-	handler("::add-path::/zoo\n")
+			handler(prefix + "/boo\n")
-	a.Equal("/zoo", rc.ExtraPath[0])
+			assert.Equal(t, []string{"/boo", "/zoo"}, rc.ExtraPath)
-
+			handler(prefix + "/zoo\n")
-	handler("::add-path::/boo\n")
+			assert.Equal(t, []string{"/zoo", "/boo"}, rc.ExtraPath)
-	a.Equal("/boo", rc.ExtraPath[0])
+		})
-}
-
-func TestStopCommands(t *testing.T) {
-	logger, hook := logtest.NewLogger()
-
-	a := assert.New(t)
-	ctx := common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger)
-	rc := unsecureRC()
-	handler := rc.commandHandler(ctx)
-
-	handler("::set-env name=x::valz\n")
-	a.Equal("valz", rc.Env["x"])
-	handler("::stop-commands::MY-END-TOKEN\n")
-	handler("::set-env name=x::abcd\n")
-	a.Equal("valz", rc.Env["x"])
-	handler("::my-end-token::\n")
-	handler("::set-env name=x::abcd\n")
-	a.Equal("abcd", rc.Env["x"])
-
-	messages := make([]string, 0)
-	for _, entry := range hook.AllRecords() {
-		messages = append(messages, entry.Message)
 	}
-
-	a.Contains(messages, "::set-env name=x::abcd\n")
-}
-
-// The end token is arbitrary, so one that happens to name a real command must still resume
-// rather than being swallowed by that command's case.
-func TestStopCommandsResumesOnCommandNamedToken(t *testing.T) {
-	a := assert.New(t)
-	rc := unsecureRC()
-	handler := rc.commandHandler(t.Context())
-
-	handler("::stop-commands::add-mask\n")
-	handler("::set-env name=x::suppressed\n")
-	a.NotContains(rc.Env, "x")
-
-	handler("::add-mask::\n")
-	handler("::set-env name=x::resumed\n")
-	a.Equal("resumed", rc.Env["x"])
-}
-
-func TestAddpathADO(t *testing.T) {
-	a := assert.New(t)
-	ctx := t.Context()
-	rc := unsecureRC()
-	handler := rc.commandHandler(ctx)
-
-	handler("##[add-path]/zoo\n")
-	a.Equal("/zoo", rc.ExtraPath[0])
-
-	handler("##[add-path]/boo\n")
-	a.Equal("/boo", rc.ExtraPath[0])
-}
-
-func TestAddmask(t *testing.T) {
-	logger, hook := logtest.NewLogger()
-
-	a := assert.New(t)
-	ctx := t.Context()
-	loggerCtx := common.WithLogger(ctx, logger)
-
-	rc := new(RunContext)
-	handler := rc.commandHandler(loggerCtx)
-	handler("::ADD-MASK::my::secret")
-
-	a.Equal("***", hook.LastRecord().Message)
-	a.Equal([]string{"my::secret"}, rc.Masks)
-}
-
-// based on https://stackoverflow.com/a/10476304
-func captureOutput(t *testing.T, f func()) string {
-	old := os.Stdout
-	r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
-	os.Stdout = w
-
-	f()
-
-	outC := make(chan string)
-
-	go func() {
-		var buf bytes.Buffer
-		_, err := io.Copy(&buf, r)
-		if err != nil {
-			a := assert.New(t)
-			a.Fail("io.Copy failed")
-		}
-		outC <- buf.String()
-	}()
-
-	w.Close()
-	os.Stdout = old
-	out := <-outC
-
-	return out
-}
-
-func TestAddmaskUsemask(t *testing.T) {
-	rc := new(RunContext)
-	rc.StepResults = make(map[string]*model.StepResult)
-	rc.CurrentStep = "my-step"
-	rc.StepResults[rc.CurrentStep] = &model.StepResult{
-		Outputs: make(map[string]string),
-	}
-
-	a := assert.New(t)
-
-	config := &Config{
-		Secrets:         map[string]string{},
-		InsecureSecrets: false,
-	}
-
-	re := captureOutput(t, func() {
-		ctx := t.Context()
-		ctx = WithJobLogger(ctx, "0", "testjob", config, &rc.Masks, map[string]any{})
-
-		handler := rc.commandHandler(ctx)
-		handler("::add-mask::secret\n")
-		handler("::set-output:: token=secret\n")
-	})
-
-	a.Equal("[testjob] ***\n[testjob] ::set-output:: = token=***\n", re)
 }
 
 func TestSaveState(t *testing.T) {
 	rc := &RunContext{
+		Config:      &Config{},
 		CurrentStep: "step",
 		StepResults: map[string]*model.StepResult{},
 	}
@@ -278,12 +150,12 @@ func TestUnsecureCommands(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			a := assert.New(t)
-			rc := &RunContext{Env: tt.jobEnv}
+			rc := &RunContext{Config: &Config{}, Env: tt.jobEnv}
 			rc.setCurrentStepEnv(tt.stepEnv)
 			handler := rc.commandHandler(t.Context())
 
-			handler("::set-env name=x::valz\n")
+			a.False(handler("::set-env name=x::valz\n"))
-			handler("::add-path::/opt/bin\n")
+			a.False(handler("::add-path::/opt/bin\n"))
 
 			if !tt.optedIn {
 				a.Empty(rc.Env["x"])
@@ -299,3 +171,109 @@ func TestUnsecureCommands(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+type maskRecorder struct {
+	logging.Handler
+	masks []string
+}
+
+func (m *maskRecorder) AddMask(mask string) { m.masks = append(m.masks, mask) }
+
+func TestCommandLogWriter(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		name  string
+		debug bool
+		steps [][]string
+		log   []string
+		masks []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "applied commands are hidden unless echoed",
+			steps: [][]string{{
+				"::set-env name=x::y", "::add-path::/bin", "::set-output name=a::b", "##[save-state name=a]b", "::add-matcher::m.json", "::remove-matcher owner=m::",
+				"::echo::On%0A",
+				"::set-env name=x::y", "::add-path::/bin", "::set-output name=a::b", "##[save-state name=a]b", "::add-matcher::m.json", "::remove-matcher owner=m::",
+				"::ADD-MASK::my::secret", "::echo::bogus", "::echo::off", "::add-mask ::empty-properties", "::unknown::v", "plain",
+			}},
+			log: []string{
+				"::set-env name=x::y", "::add-path::/bin", "::set-output name=a::b", "##[save-state name=a]b", "::add-matcher::m.json", "::remove-matcher owner=m::",
+				"::add-mask::***", "::echo::bogus", "::echo::off", "::unknown::v", "plain",
+			},
+			masks: []string{"my::secret", "empty-properties"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "step debug shows debug lines and echoes commands until echo is off",
+			debug: true,
+			steps: [][]string{{"::debug::first%0Asecond", "::set-output name=a::b", "::echo::off", "::debug::again", "::set-output name=a::b"}},
+			log:   []string{"::debug::first%0Asecond", "::set-output name=a::b", "::echo::off", "::debug::again"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "debug lines are hidden without step debug and an invalid echo changes nothing",
+			steps: [][]string{{"::echo::bogus", "::set-output name=a::b", "::echo::on", "::debug::d"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "annotations fold their location once whether echoed or not",
+			steps: [][]string{{
+				"::echo::on",
+				"::error file=main.go,line=12,col=5,title=vet::undefined: x",
+				"::warning File=a%3Ab.go,Line=1,column=2,title=100%252C::50%25%0Anext",
+				"::warning file=x,line=1,col=2,column=3::m",
+				"::notice line=9,col=4,title=title::m",
+				"::error file=x,col=2::m",
+				"::error file=x,line=1::m",
+				"::notice::std::vector",
+				"##[error file=x%3By]m%5D",
+			}},
+			log: []string{
+				"::error::main.go:12:5: vet: undefined: x", "::warning::a:b.go:1:2: 100%252C: 50%25%0Anext", "::warning::x:1:2: m",
+				"::notice::title: m", "::error::x: m", "::error::x:1: m", "::notice::std::vector", "::error::x;y: m]",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "stop-commands keeps lines verbatim until resumed",
+			steps: [][]string{{"::stop-commands::resume-token", "::add-mask::kept", "::set-output name=a::b", "::RESUME-TOKEN::", "::add-mask::masked"}},
+			log:   []string{"::stop-commands::resume-token", "::add-mask::kept", "::set-output name=a::b", "::RESUME-TOKEN::"},
+			masks: []string{"resume-token", "masked"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "a short stop token naming a command stays unmasked and resumes in any case",
+			steps: [][]string{{"::stop-commands::NOTICE", "::notice::", "::add-mask::masked"}},
+			log:   []string{"::stop-commands::NOTICE", "::notice::"},
+			masks: []string{"masked"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "state does not carry over to the next step",
+			steps: [][]string{{"::echo::on", "::stop-commands::token77"}, {"::set-output name=a::b", "::add-mask::masked"}},
+			log:   []string{"::stop-commands::token77"},
+			masks: []string{"token77", "masked"},
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			logger, hook := logtest.NewLogger()
+			recorder := &maskRecorder{}
+			ctx := common.WithLoggerHandler(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), recorder)
+			rc := &RunContext{
+				Config:      &Config{},
+				Parent:      &RunContext{Config: &Config{Secrets: map[string]string{"ACTIONS_STEP_DEBUG": strconv.FormatBool(tt.debug)}}},
+				Env:         map[string]string{allowUnsecureCommandsVar: "true"},
+				CurrentStep: "step",
+				StepResults: map[string]*model.StepResult{"step": {Outputs: map[string]string{}}},
+			}
+			for _, lines := range tt.steps {
+				writer := rc.commandLogWriter(ctx)
+				for _, line := range lines {
+					_, err := io.WriteString(writer, line+"\n")
+					require.NoError(t, err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			var log []string
+			for _, record := range hook.AllRecords() {
+				log = append(log, strings.TrimSuffix(record.Message, "\n"))
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.log, log)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.masks, recorder.masks)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.masks, rc.Masks)
+		})
+	}
+}

act/runner/container_mock_test.go

@@ -23,56 +23,44 @@ type containerMock struct {
 }
 
 func (cm *containerMock) Create(capAdd, capDrop []string) common.Executor {
-	args := cm.Called(capAdd, capDrop)
+	return cm.Called(capAdd, capDrop).Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
-	return args.Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
 }
 
 func (cm *containerMock) Pull(forcePull bool) common.Executor {
-	args := cm.Called(forcePull)
+	return cm.Called(forcePull).Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
-	return args.Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
 }
 
 func (cm *containerMock) Start(attach bool) common.Executor {
-	args := cm.Called(attach)
+	return cm.Called(attach).Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
-	return args.Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
 }
 
 func (cm *containerMock) Remove() common.Executor {
-	args := cm.Called()
+	return cm.Called().Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
-	return args.Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
 }
 
 func (cm *containerMock) Close() common.Executor {
-	args := cm.Called()
+	return cm.Called().Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
-	return args.Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
 }
 
 func (cm *containerMock) UpdateFromEnv(srcPath string, env *map[string]string) common.Executor {
-	args := cm.Called(srcPath, env)
+	return cm.Called(srcPath, env).Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
-	return args.Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
 }
 
 func (cm *containerMock) Copy(destPath string, files ...*container.FileEntry) common.Executor {
-	args := cm.Called(destPath, files)
+	return cm.Called(destPath, files).Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
-	return args.Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
 }
 
 func (cm *containerMock) CopyDir(destPath, srcPath string, useGitIgnore, skipGitDir bool) common.Executor {
-	args := cm.Called(destPath, srcPath, useGitIgnore, skipGitDir)
+	return cm.Called(destPath, srcPath, useGitIgnore, skipGitDir).Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
-	return args.Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
 }
 
 func (cm *containerMock) Exec(command []string, env map[string]string, user, workdir string) common.Executor {
-	args := cm.Called(command, env, user, workdir)
+	return cm.Called(command, env, user, workdir).Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
-	return args.Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
 }
 
 func (cm *containerMock) GetContainerArchive(ctx context.Context, srcPath string) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
 	args := cm.Called(ctx, srcPath)
-	err, hasErr := args.Get(1).(error)
+	err, _ := args.Get(1).(error)
-	if !hasErr {
-		err = nil
-	}
 	return args.Get(0).(io.ReadCloser), err
 }
 

act/runner/expression.go

@@ -49,15 +49,15 @@ func (rc *RunContext) NewExpressionEvaluatorWithEnv(ctx context.Context, env map
 				result := model.WorkflowCallResult{
 					Outputs: map[string]string{},
 				}
+				unlock := lockJob(job)
 				maps.Copy(result.Outputs, job.Outputs)
+				unlock()
 				workflowCallResult[jobName] = &result
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	ghc := rc.getGithubContext(ctx)
-	inputs := getEvaluatorInputs(rc, rc.actionInputs, ghc)
-
 	ee := &exprparser.EvaluationEnvironment{
 		Github: ghc,
 		Env:    env,
@@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ func (rc *RunContext) NewExpressionEvaluatorWithEnv(ctx context.Context, env map
 		Jobs:   &workflowCallResult,
 		// todo: should be unavailable
 		// but required to interpolate/evaluate the step outputs on the job
-		Steps:     rc.getStepsContext(),
+		Steps:     rc.StepResults,
 		Secrets:   getWorkflowSecrets(rc),
-		Vars:      getWorkflowVars(ctx, rc),
+		Vars:      rc.Config.Vars,
 		Strategy:  strategy,
 		Matrix:    rc.Matrix,
 		Needs:     exprparser.NeedsContext(rc.Run),
-		Inputs:    inputs,
+		Inputs:    getEvaluatorInputs(rc, rc.actionInputs, ghc),
 		HashFiles: getHashFilesFunction(ctx, rc),
 	}
 	ee.Runner = rc.getRunnerContext(ctx)
@@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ func (rc *RunContext) newStepExpressionEvaluator(ctx context.Context, step step,
 		Github:   step.getGithubContext(ctx),
 		Env:      *step.getEnv(),
 		Job:      jobContext,
-		Steps:    rc.getStepsContext(),
+		Steps:    rc.StepResults,
 		Secrets:  getWorkflowSecrets(rc),
-		Vars:     getWorkflowVars(ctx, rc),
+		Vars:     rc.Config.Vars,
 		Strategy: exprparser.StrategyContext(rc.Run.Job().Strategy, rc.jobIndex, rc.jobTotal),
 		Matrix:   rc.Matrix,
 		Needs:    exprparser.NeedsContext(rc.Run),
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ func (rc *RunContext) newStepExpressionEvaluator(ctx context.Context, step step,
 }
 
 func getHashFilesFunction(ctx context.Context, rc *RunContext) func(v []reflect.Value) (any, error) {
-	hashFiles := func(v []reflect.Value) (any, error) {
+	return func(v []reflect.Value) (any, error) {
 		if rc.JobContainer != nil {
 			timeed, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Minute)
 			defer cancel()
@@ -137,14 +137,12 @@ func getHashFilesFunction(ctx context.Context, rc *RunContext) func(v []reflect.
 
 			for i, p := range v {
 				s := p.String()
-				if i == 0 {
+				if i == 0 && strings.HasPrefix(s, "--") {
-					if strings.HasPrefix(s, "--") {
+					if strings.EqualFold(s, "--follow-symbolic-links") {
-						if strings.EqualFold(s, "--follow-symbolic-links") {
+						followSymlink = true
-							followSymlink = true
+						continue
-							continue
-						}
-						return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid glob option %s, available option: '--follow-symbolic-links'", s)
 					}
+					return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid glob option %s, available option: '--follow-symbolic-links'", s)
 				}
 				patterns = append(patterns, s)
 			}
@@ -167,20 +165,14 @@ func getHashFilesFunction(ctx context.Context, rc *RunContext) func(v []reflect.
 					rc.JobContainer.ReplaceLogWriter(stdout, stderr)
 					return nil
 				})(timeed)
-			output := hout.String() + "\n" + herr.String()
+			if _, output, found := strings.Cut(hout.String()+"\n"+herr.String(), "__OUTPUT__"); found {
-			guard := "__OUTPUT__"
+				if hash, _, found := strings.Cut(output, "__OUTPUT__"); found {
-			outstart := strings.Index(output, guard)
+					return hash, nil
-			if outstart != -1 {
-				outstart += len(guard)
-				outend := strings.Index(output[outstart:], guard)
-				if outend != -1 {
-					return output[outstart : outstart+outend], nil
 				}
 			}
 		}
 		return "", nil
 	}
-	return hashFiles
 }
 
 type expressionEvaluator struct {
@@ -189,14 +181,15 @@ type expressionEvaluator struct {
 
 type ExpressionEvaluator = expressionEvaluator
 
+var addMaskExpression = regexp.MustCompile(`::add-mask::.*`)
+
 func (ee expressionEvaluator) evaluate(ctx context.Context, in string, defaultStatusCheck exprparser.DefaultStatusCheck) (any, error) {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 	logger.Debugf("evaluating expression '%s'", in)
 	evaluated, err := ee.interpreter.Evaluate(in, defaultStatusCheck)
 
 	// evaluated is an any: %t renders everything but a bool as "%!t(string=...)"
-	printable := regexp.MustCompile(`::add-mask::.*`).ReplaceAllString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", evaluated), "::add-mask::***)")
+	logger.Debugf("expression '%s' evaluated to '%s'", in, addMaskExpression.ReplaceAllString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", evaluated), "::add-mask::***)"))
-	logger.Debugf("expression '%s' evaluated to '%s'", in, printable)
 
 	return evaluated, err
 }
@@ -249,15 +242,13 @@ func getEvaluatorInputs(rc *RunContext, stepInputs map[string]any, ghc *model.Gi
 	if stepInputs != nil { // an action's own inputs, which workflow inputs must not shadow
 		return maps.Clone(stepInputs)
 	}
-	inputs := map[string]any{}
-
 	// only a called workflow's job itself takes the inputs Gitea resolved,
 	// composite actions copy its Config but have their own `inputs`
 	if rc.Config.WorkflowCallInputs != nil && rc.Parent == nil {
-		maps.Copy(inputs, rc.Config.WorkflowCallInputs)
+		return maps.Clone(rc.Config.WorkflowCallInputs)
-		return inputs
 	}
 
+	inputs := map[string]any{}
 	maps.Copy(inputs, rc.workflowCallInputs)
 
 	switch ghc.EventName {
@@ -327,7 +318,3 @@ func getWorkflowSecrets(rc *RunContext) map[string]string {
 	}
 	return rc.Config.Secrets
 }
-
-func getWorkflowVars(_ context.Context, rc *RunContext) map[string]string {
-	return rc.Config.Vars
-}

act/runner/expression_test.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package runner
 
 import (
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
 	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/exprparser"
@@ -84,71 +85,61 @@ func TestEvaluateRunContext(t *testing.T) {
 	ee := rc.NewExpressionEvaluator(t.Context())
 
 	tables := []struct {
-		in      string
+		in  string
-		out     any
+		out any
-		errMesg string
 	}{
-		{" 1 ", 1.0, ""},
+		{" 1 ", 1.0},
-		// {"1 + 3", "4", ""},
+		{"'my text'", "my text"},
-		// {"(1 + 3) * -2", "-8", ""},
+		{"contains('my text', 'te')", true},
-		{"'my text'", "my text", ""},
+		{"contains('my TEXT', 'te')", true},
-		{"contains('my text', 'te')", true, ""},
+		{"contains(fromJSON('[\"my text\"]'), 'te')", false},
-		{"contains('my TEXT', 'te')", true, ""},
+		{"contains(fromJSON('[\"foo\",\"bar\"]'), 'bar')", true},
-		{"contains(fromJSON('[\"my text\"]'), 'te')", false, ""},
+		{"startsWith('hello world', 'He')", true},
-		{"contains(fromJSON('[\"foo\",\"bar\"]'), 'bar')", true, ""},
+		{"endsWith('hello world', 'ld')", true},
-		{"startsWith('hello world', 'He')", true, ""},
+		{"format('0:{0} 2:{2} 1:{1}', 'zero', 'one', 'two')", "0:zero 2:two 1:one"},
-		{"endsWith('hello world', 'ld')", true, ""},
+		{"join(fromJSON('[\"hello\"]'),'octocat')", "hello"},
-		{"format('0:{0} 2:{2} 1:{1}', 'zero', 'one', 'two')", "0:zero 2:two 1:one", ""},
+		{"join(fromJSON('[\"hello\",\"mona\",\"the\"]'),'octocat')", "hellooctocatmonaoctocatthe"},
-		{"join(fromJSON('[\"hello\"]'),'octocat')", "hello", ""},
+		{"join('hello','mona')", "hello"},
-		{"join(fromJSON('[\"hello\",\"mona\",\"the\"]'),'octocat')", "hellooctocatmonaoctocatthe", ""},
+		{"toJSON(env)", "{\n  \"ACT\": \"true\",\n  \"ACT_SKIP_CHECKOUT\": \"true\",\n  \"key\": \"value\"\n}"},
-		{"join('hello','mona')", "hello", ""},
+		{"toJson(env)", "{\n  \"ACT\": \"true\",\n  \"ACT_SKIP_CHECKOUT\": \"true\",\n  \"key\": \"value\"\n}"},
-		{"toJSON(env)", "{\n  \"ACT\": \"true\",\n  \"ACT_SKIP_CHECKOUT\": \"true\",\n  \"key\": \"value\"\n}", ""},
+		{"(fromJSON('{\"foo\":\"bar\"}')).foo", "bar"},
-		{"toJson(env)", "{\n  \"ACT\": \"true\",\n  \"ACT_SKIP_CHECKOUT\": \"true\",\n  \"key\": \"value\"\n}", ""},
+		{"(fromJson('{\"foo\":\"bar\"}')).foo", "bar"},
-		{"(fromJSON('{\"foo\":\"bar\"}')).foo", "bar", ""},
+		{"(fromJson('[\"foo\",\"bar\"]'))[1]", "bar"},
-		{"(fromJson('{\"foo\":\"bar\"}')).foo", "bar", ""},
+		{"hashFiles('**/non-extant-files')", ""},
-		{"(fromJson('[\"foo\",\"bar\"]'))[1]", "bar", ""},
+		{"hashFiles('**/non-extant-files', '**/more-non-extant-files')", ""},
-		// github does return an empty string for non-existent files
+		{"hashFiles('**/non.extant.files')", ""},
-		{"hashFiles('**/non-extant-files')", "", ""},
+		{"hashFiles('**/non''extant''files')", ""},
-		{"hashFiles('**/non-extant-files', '**/more-non-extant-files')", "", ""},
+		{"success()", true},
-		{"hashFiles('**/non.extant.files')", "", ""},
+		{"failure()", false},
-		{"hashFiles('**/non''extant''files')", "", ""},
+		{"always()", true},
-		{"success()", true, ""},
+		{"cancelled()", false},
-		{"failure()", false, ""},
+		{"github.workflow", "test-workflow"},
-		{"always()", true, ""},
+		{"github.actor", "nektos/act"},
-		{"cancelled()", false, ""},
+		{"github.run_id", "1"},
-		{"github.workflow", "test-workflow", ""},
+		{"github.run_number", "1"},
-		{"github.actor", "nektos/act", ""},
+		{"job.status", "success"},
-		{"github.run_id", "1", ""},
+		{"matrix.os", "Linux"},
-		{"github.run_number", "1", ""},
+		{"matrix.foo", "bar"},
-		{"job.status", "success", ""},
+		{"env.key", "value"},
-		{"matrix.os", "Linux", ""},
+		{"secrets.CASE_INSENSITIVE_SECRET", "value"},
-		{"matrix.foo", "bar", ""},
+		{"secrets.case_insensitive_secret", "value"},
-		{"env.key", "value", ""},
+		{"vars.CASE_INSENSITIVE_VAR", "value"},
-		{"secrets.CASE_INSENSITIVE_SECRET", "value", ""},
+		{"vars.case_insensitive_var", "value"},
-		{"secrets.case_insensitive_secret", "value", ""},
+		{"format('{{0}}', 'test')", "{0}"},
-		{"vars.CASE_INSENSITIVE_VAR", "value", ""},
+		{"format('{{{0}}}', 'test')", "{test}"},
-		{"vars.case_insensitive_var", "value", ""},
+		{"format('}}')", "}"},
-		{"format('{{0}}', 'test')", "{0}", ""},
+		{"format('echo Hello {0} ${{Test}}', 'World')", "echo Hello World ${Test}"},
-		{"format('{{{0}}}', 'test')", "{test}", ""},
+		{"format('echo Hello {0} ${{Test}}', github.undefined_property)", "echo Hello  ${Test}"},
-		{"format('}}')", "}", ""},
+		{"format('echo Hello {0}{1} ${{Te{0}st}}', github.undefined_property, 'World')", "echo Hello World ${Test}"},
-		{"format('echo Hello {0} ${{Test}}', 'World')", "echo Hello World ${Test}", ""},
+		{"format('{0}', '{1}', 'World')", "{1}"},
-		{"format('echo Hello {0} ${{Test}}', github.undefined_property)", "echo Hello  ${Test}", ""},
+		{"format('{{{0}', '{1}', 'World')", "{{1}"},
-		{"format('echo Hello {0}{1} ${{Te{0}st}}', github.undefined_property, 'World')", "echo Hello World ${Test}", ""},
-		{"format('{0}', '{1}', 'World')", "{1}", ""},
-		{"format('{{{0}', '{1}', 'World')", "{{1}", ""},
 	}
 
 	for _, table := range tables {
 		t.Run(table.in, func(t *testing.T) {
-			assertObject := assert.New(t)
 			out, err := ee.evaluate(t.Context(), table.in, exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckNone)
-			if table.errMesg == "" {
+			require.NoError(t, err)
-				assertObject.NoError(err, table.in) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+			assert.Equal(t, table.out, out)
-				assertObject.Equal(table.out, out, table.in)
-			} else {
-				assertObject.Error(err, table.in) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-				assertObject.Equal(table.errMesg, err.Error(), table.in)
-			}
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -164,33 +155,26 @@ func TestEvaluateStep(t *testing.T) {
 	ee := rc.NewStepExpressionEvaluator(t.Context(), step)
 
 	tables := []struct {
-		in      string
+		in  string
-		out     any
+		out any
-		errMesg string
 	}{
-		{"steps.idwithnothing.conclusion", model.StepStatusSuccess.String(), ""},
+		{"steps.idwithnothing.conclusion", model.StepStatusSuccess.String()},
-		{"steps.idwithnothing.outcome", model.StepStatusFailure.String(), ""},
+		{"steps.idwithnothing.outcome", model.StepStatusFailure.String()},
-		{"steps.idwithnothing.outputs.foowithnothing", "barwithnothing", ""},
+		{"steps.idwithnothing.outputs.foowithnothing", "barwithnothing"},
-		{"steps.id-with-hyphens.conclusion", model.StepStatusSuccess.String(), ""},
+		{"steps.id-with-hyphens.conclusion", model.StepStatusSuccess.String()},
-		{"steps.id-with-hyphens.outcome", model.StepStatusFailure.String(), ""},
+		{"steps.id-with-hyphens.outcome", model.StepStatusFailure.String()},
-		{"steps.id-with-hyphens.outputs.foo-with-hyphens", "bar-with-hyphens", ""},
+		{"steps.id-with-hyphens.outputs.foo-with-hyphens", "bar-with-hyphens"},
-		{"steps.id_with_underscores.conclusion", model.StepStatusSuccess.String(), ""},
+		{"steps.id_with_underscores.conclusion", model.StepStatusSuccess.String()},
-		{"steps.id_with_underscores.outcome", model.StepStatusFailure.String(), ""},
+		{"steps.id_with_underscores.outcome", model.StepStatusFailure.String()},
-		{"steps.id_with_underscores.outputs.foo_with_underscores", "bar_with_underscores", ""},
+		{"steps.id_with_underscores.outputs.foo_with_underscores", "bar_with_underscores"},
-		{"inputs.forged", nil, ""}, // INPUT_* env is not an input
+		{"inputs.forged", nil},
 	}
 
 	for _, table := range tables {
 		t.Run(table.in, func(t *testing.T) {
-			assertObject := assert.New(t)
 			out, err := ee.evaluate(t.Context(), table.in, exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckNone)
-			if table.errMesg == "" {
+			require.NoError(t, err)
-				assertObject.NoError(err, table.in) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+			assert.Equal(t, table.out, out)
-				assertObject.Equal(table.out, out, table.in)
-			} else {
-				assertObject.Error(err, table.in) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-				assertObject.Equal(table.errMesg, err.Error(), table.in)
-			}
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -282,10 +266,8 @@ func TestInterpolate(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetEvaluatorInputsBoolean(t *testing.T) {
-	workflows := map[string]string{
+	workflow := func(event string) string {
-		"workflow_call": `
+		return "on:\n  " + event + `:
-on:
-  workflow_call:
     inputs:
       flag:
         type: boolean
@@ -295,20 +277,7 @@ on:
         default: gitea
       unset:
         type: boolean
-`,
+`
-		"workflow_dispatch": `
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      flag:
-        type: boolean
-        default: true
-      name:
-        type: string
-        default: gitea
-      unset:
-        type: boolean
-`,
 	}
 
 	tables := []struct {
@@ -317,7 +286,6 @@ on:
 		flag  any
 	}{
 		{
-			// Gitea >= 1.27 resolves the inputs server-side and sends native JSON types
 			name:  "native bool true",
 			event: map[string]any{"inputs": map[string]any{"flag": true}},
 			flag:  true,
@@ -344,10 +312,10 @@ on:
 		},
 	}
 
-	for eventName, workflow := range workflows {
+	for _, eventName := range []string{"workflow_call", "workflow_dispatch"} {
 		for _, table := range tables {
 			t.Run(eventName+"/"+table.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-				wf, err := model.ReadWorkflow(strings.NewReader(workflow))
+				wf, err := model.ReadWorkflow(strings.NewReader(workflow(eventName)))
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 
 				rc := &RunContext{
@@ -365,7 +333,7 @@ on:
 	}
 
 	t.Run("deferred workflow call inputs", func(t *testing.T) {
-		workflow, err := model.ReadWorkflow(strings.NewReader(workflows["workflow_call"] + `
+		workflow, err := model.ReadWorkflow(strings.NewReader(workflow("workflow_call") + `
 jobs:
   test: {}
   call:
@@ -405,7 +373,6 @@ on:
 	config := &Config{Workdir: ".", WorkflowCallInputs: map[string]any{"name": "caller", "target": "dispatch"}}
 	ghc := &model.GithubContext{EventName: "workflow_dispatch", Event: map[string]any{"inputs": map[string]any{"name": "dispatch"}}}
 
-	// the event's own inputs must not override those Gitea resolved
 	job := &RunContext{Config: config, Run: &model.Run{JobID: "job1", Workflow: wf}}
 	assert.Equal(t, map[string]any{"name": "caller", "target": "dispatch"}, getEvaluatorInputs(job, nil, ghc))
 
@@ -497,6 +464,25 @@ jobs:
 	}
 
 	a, b := containerName("a"), containerName("b")
-	assert.NotContains(t, a, "s3cr3t") // it reaches the container name, which no log masker covers
+	assert.NotContains(t, a, "s3cr3t")
-	assert.NotEqual(t, a, b)           // masking the name must not collapse two jobs onto one container
+	assert.NotEqual(t, a, b)
+}
+
+func TestNewExpressionEvaluatorReadsJobOutputsWhileCombinationsWriteThem(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := createRunContext(t)
+	rc.caller = &caller{runContext: createRunContext(t)}
+	rc.ExprEval = rc.NewExpressionEvaluator(t.Context())
+	job := rc.Run.Job()
+	var writes sync.WaitGroup
+	writes.Go(func() {
+		for range 100 {
+			unlock := lockJob(job)
+			job.Outputs = map[string]string{"out": "value"}
+			unlock()
+		}
+	})
+	for range 100 {
+		rc.NewExpressionEvaluator(t.Context())
+	}
+	writes.Wait()
 }

act/runner/job_executor.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ package runner
 import (
 	"archive/tar"
 	"bytes"
+	"cmp"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json/v2"
@@ -19,10 +20,12 @@ import (
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 	"unicode"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/container"
 
 	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/exprparser"
@@ -95,6 +98,39 @@ func printPrepareActions(rc *RunContext, preparers []actionPreparer) common.Exec
 		rawLogger := common.Logger(ctx).With(rawOutputField, true)
 		rawLogger.Infof("Prepare all required actions")
 
+		fetchCtx, cancelFetches := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+		var fetches sync.WaitGroup
+		defer func() { cancelFetches(); fetches.Wait() }()
+		slots := make(chan struct{}, 4)
+		job := rc.topLevelRunContext()
+		if job.actionDownloads == nil {
+			job.actionDownloads = map[string]*actionDownload{}
+		}
+		for _, preparer := range preparers {
+			action, ok := preparer.(*stepActionRemote)
+			if !ok || strings.Contains(action.Step.Uses, "${{") || action.action != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			github := action.getGithubContext(common.WithLogger(ctx, logging.New(logging.DiscardHandler)))
+			remote, err := newRemoteAction(action.Step.Uses, github, action.RunContext.Config.GitHubInstance)
+			if err != nil || action.skipsLocalCheckout(remote, github) {
+				continue
+			}
+			key := remote.downloadKey(action.RunContext.Config.DefaultActionURL())
+			if job.actionDownloads[key] != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			download := &actionDownload{fetched: make(chan struct{})}
+			job.actionDownloads[key] = download
+			fetches.Go(func() {
+				defer close(download.fetched)
+				defer common.RecoverPanic(&download.err)
+				slots <- struct{}{}
+				defer func() { <-slots }()
+				download.dir, download.sha, download.err = action.fetchAction(fetchCtx, remote, github.Token)
+			})
+		}
+
 		for _, preparer := range preparers {
 			if err := preparer.prepareActionExecutor()(ctx); err != nil {
 				// No step has run yet, so the failure belongs to the job.
@@ -120,10 +156,7 @@ func (e setupError) Unwrap() error { return e.error }
 func printCompleteJobName(rc *RunContext) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		// Name holds a matrix combination; JobName is the shared name GitHub reports.
-		name := rc.JobName
+		name := cmp.Or(rc.JobName, rc.Name)
-		if name == "" {
-			name = rc.Name
-		}
 		if name == "" && rc.Run != nil {
 			name = rc.Run.JobID
 		}
@@ -323,10 +356,7 @@ func newStepsExecutor(rc *RunContext, preSteps, steps []common.Executor) common.
 			return preErr // as on GitHub, no step runs after the job setup failed
 		}
 		mainErr := mainExecutor(ctx)
-		if preErr != nil {
+		return cmp.Or(preErr, mainErr)
-			return preErr
-		}
-		return mainErr
 	}
 }
 
@@ -512,8 +542,7 @@ func tryUploadJobSummary(ctx context.Context, rc *RunContext) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, jobSummaryUploadPhaseTimeout)
 	defer cancel()
 	env := rc.GetEnv()
-	caps := strings.TrimSpace(env["GITEA_ACTIONS_CAPABILITIES"])
+	if !hasJobSummaryCapability(env["GITEA_ACTIONS_CAPABILITIES"]) {
-	if !hasJobSummaryCapability(caps) {
 		// Server did not advertise support. Do not attempt upload.
 		return
 	}
@@ -646,19 +675,18 @@ func readSingleFileFromContainerArchive(ctx context.Context, env container.Execu
 	}
 	defer rc.Close()
 
+	requestedPath := path.Clean(strings.TrimPrefix(p, "/"))
 	tr := tar.NewReader(rc)
 	for {
 		header, err := tr.Next()
-		if err == io.EOF {
-			return nil, false
-		}
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, false
 		}
 		if header.Typeflag != tar.TypeReg {
 			continue
 		}
-		if !archiveEntryMatchesPath(header.Name, p) {
+		entryName := path.Clean(strings.TrimPrefix(header.Name, "/"))
+		if entryName != requestedPath && entryName != path.Base(requestedPath) {
 			continue
 		}
 		// Summaries larger than the limit are truncated rather than dropped, so the
@@ -681,12 +709,6 @@ func readSingleFileFromContainerArchive(ctx context.Context, env container.Execu
 	}
 }
 
-func archiveEntryMatchesPath(entryName, requestedPath string) bool {
-	entryName = path.Clean(strings.TrimPrefix(entryName, "/"))
-	requestedPath = path.Clean(strings.TrimPrefix(requestedPath, "/"))
-	return entryName == requestedPath || entryName == path.Base(requestedPath)
-}
-
 // useJobStageLogger tags the log entries of a job level executor with the stage they belong to.
 func useJobStageLogger(stage string, executor common.Executor) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
@@ -697,17 +719,6 @@ func useJobStageLogger(stage string, executor common.Executor) common.Executor {
 func useStepLogger(rc *RunContext, stepModel *model.Step, stage stepStage, executor common.Executor) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		ctx = withStepLogger(ctx, stepModel.Number, stepModel.ID, rc.ExprEval.InterpolateName(ctx, stepModel.String()), stage.String())
-
+		return rc.withCommandLogWriter(ctx, executor)
-		logWriter := rc.commandLogWriter(ctx)
-
-		oldout, olderr := rc.JobContainer.ReplaceLogWriter(logWriter, logWriter)
-		defer rc.JobContainer.ReplaceLogWriter(oldout, olderr)
-
-		// Flush any buffered, not-yet-newline-terminated trailing line once the
-		// step has finished, so the final line of the step's output is not lost
-		// when it is not newline-terminated.
-		defer common.FlushWriter(logWriter)
-
-		return executor(ctx)
 	}
 }

act/runner/job_executor_test.go

@@ -14,13 +14,17 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
+	"testing/synctest"
 	"time"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/git"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging/logtest"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/container"
@@ -118,14 +122,13 @@ func (sfm *stepFactoryMock) newStep(model *model.Step, rc *RunContext) (step, er
 type actionPreparerMock struct {
 	reference string
 	sha       string
-	err       error
 	prepared  int
 }
 
 func (apm *actionPreparerMock) prepareActionExecutor() common.Executor {
 	return func(context.Context) error {
 		apm.prepared++
-		return apm.err
+		return nil
 	}
 }
 
@@ -133,24 +136,85 @@ func (apm *actionPreparerMock) actionDownloadInfo() (string, string) {
 	return apm.reference, apm.sha
 }
 
-func TestPrintPrepareActionsGolden(t *testing.T) {
+func TestPrintPrepareActionsFetchesConcurrently(t *testing.T) {
-	buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
-	logger := logging.New(logging.NewLevelHandler(newJobLogHandler(buf, cyan), logging.LevelInfo))
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
-	ctx := common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger.With("job", "j1"))
+		ctx := common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logging.New(logging.NewLevelHandler(newJobLogHandler(buf, cyan), logging.LevelInfo)).With("job", "j1"))
+		rc := newPrefetchRunContext(t)
+		started, release := make(chan string), make(chan struct{})
+		var fetched atomic.Int32
+		setFetch(t, func(_ctx context.Context, input git.NewGitCloneExecutorInput) (string, string, error) {
+			fetched.Add(1)
+			started <- input.Ref
+			<-release
+			return filepath.Join(input.Dir, "commit"), "sha-" + input.Ref, nil
+		})
+		preparers := append(newRemotePreparers(rc, "org/repo@v1", "org/repo/sub@v1", "org/repo@v2", "org/repo@v3", "org/repo@v4", "org/repo@v5"), &actionPreparerMock{})
+		finished := make(chan error)
+		go func() { finished <- printPrepareActions(rc, preparers)(ctx) }()
+		for range 4 {
+			<-started
+		}
+		synctest.Wait()
+		assert.EqualValues(t, 4, fetched.Load())
+		close(release)
+		<-started
+		require.NoError(t, <-finished)
+		assert.EqualValues(t, 5, fetched.Load())
+		lines := []string{"[j1]   | Prepare all required actions"}
+		for _, ref := range []string{"v1", "v2", "v3", "v4", "v5"} {
+			lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("[j1]   | Download action repository 'org/repo@%s' (SHA:sha-%s)", ref, ref))
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, strings.Join(append(lines, ""), "\n"), buf.String())
+	})
+}
 
-	preparers := []actionPreparer{
+func TestPrintPrepareActionsFailsJobAndCancelsLaterDownloads(t *testing.T) {
-		&actionPreparerMock{reference: "actions/checkout@v7", sha: "9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0"},
+	for name, panicFetch := range map[string]bool{"error": false, "panic": true} {
-		// A step that downloads nothing, such as the checkout of the workflow's own repository.
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-		&actionPreparerMock{},
+			synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+				rc := newPrefetchRunContext(t)
+				setFetch(t, func(ctx context.Context, input git.NewGitCloneExecutorInput) (string, string, error) {
+					if input.Ref == "v1" {
+						if panicFetch {
+							panic("broken archive")
+						}
+						return "", "", assert.AnError
+					}
+					<-ctx.Done()
+					return "", "", ctx.Err()
+				})
+				ctx := common.WithJobErrorContainer(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logging.New(logging.DiscardHandler)))
+				remaining := &actionPreparerMock{}
+				err := printPrepareActions(rc, append(newRemotePreparers(rc, "org/repo@v1", "org/repo@v2"), remaining))(ctx)
+				if panicFetch {
+					require.ErrorContains(t, err, "panic: broken archive")
+				} else {
+					require.ErrorIs(t, err, assert.AnError)
+				}
+				require.ErrorIs(t, err, common.JobError(ctx))
+				assert.True(t, rc.jobFailed)
+				assert.Zero(t, remaining.prepared)
+			})
+		})
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, printPrepareActions(&RunContext{}, preparers)(ctx))
+}
 
-	want := strings.Join([]string{
+func newPrefetchRunContext(t *testing.T) *RunContext {
-		"[j1]   | Prepare all required actions",
+	return &RunContext{
-		"[j1]   | Download action repository 'actions/checkout@v7' (SHA:9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0)",
+		Config: &Config{ActionCacheDir: t.TempDir(), PresetGitHubContext: &model.GithubContext{}},
-		"",
+		Run:    &model.Run{JobID: "1", Workflow: &model.Workflow{Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"1": {}}}},
-	}, "\n")
+	}
-	assert.Equal(t, want, buf.String())
+}
+
+func newRemotePreparers(rc *RunContext, uses ...string) []actionPreparer {
+	preparers := make([]actionPreparer, 0, len(uses))
+	for _, use := range uses {
+		preparers = append(preparers, &stepActionRemote{Step: &model.Step{Uses: use}, RunContext: rc, readAction: func(_ctx context.Context, _step *model.Step, _actionDir, _actionPath string, _readFile actionYamlReader, _writeFile fileWriter) (*model.Action, error) {
+			return &model.Action{}, nil
+		}})
+	}
+	return preparers
 }
 
 func TestPrintPrepareActionsSkipsWithoutActions(t *testing.T) {
@@ -163,26 +227,6 @@ func TestPrintPrepareActionsSkipsWithoutActions(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Empty(t, buf.String())
 }
 
-func TestPrintPrepareActionsFailsJobOnDownloadError(t *testing.T) {
-	logger := logging.New(logtest.New())
-	ctx := common.WithJobErrorContainer(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger.With("job", "j1")))
-
-	downloadErr := errors.New("failed to fetch \"actions/checkout\"")
-	rc := &RunContext{}
-	remaining := &actionPreparerMock{reference: "actions/setup-go@v6", sha: "sha"}
-
-	err := printPrepareActions(rc, []actionPreparer{
-		&actionPreparerMock{err: downloadErr},
-		remaining,
-	})(ctx)
-
-	require.ErrorIs(t, err, downloadErr)
-	// No step has run yet, so the failure has to be recorded against the job itself.
-	assert.Equal(t, downloadErr, common.JobError(ctx))
-	assert.True(t, rc.jobFailed)
-	assert.Zero(t, remaining.prepared)
-}
-
 func TestNewStepsExecutorSkipsStepsAfterSetupFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	for name, tt := range map[string]struct {
 		preErr  error
@@ -320,6 +364,7 @@ func TestNewJobExecutor(t *testing.T) {
 		output        string
 		startError    error
 		cancelOnStart bool
+		timeout       bool
 	}{
 		{
 			name:          "zeroSteps",
@@ -470,17 +515,28 @@ func TestNewJobExecutor(t *testing.T) {
 			result:        "cancelled",
 			cancelOnStart: true,
 		},
-	}
+		{
-
+			name:          "post steps run after timeout",
-	contains := func(needle string, haystack []string) bool {
+			steps:         []*model.Step{{ID: "1"}},
-		return slices.Contains(haystack, needle)
+			preSteps:      []bool{false},
+			postSteps:     []bool{true},
+			executedSteps: []string{"startContainer", "step1", "post1", "interpolateOutputs", "stopContainer", "closeContainer"},
+			result:        "failure",
+			timeout:       true,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range table {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			fmt.Printf("::group::%s\n", tt.name) //nolint:forbidigo // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+			ctx := common.WithJobErrorContainer(t.Context())
-
+			cancel := func() {}
-			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(common.WithJobErrorContainer(t.Context()))
+			var expire func()
+			if tt.timeout {
+				deadline := newControllableDeadlineContext(ctx)
+				ctx, expire = deadline, deadline.expire
+			} else {
+				ctx, cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+			}
 			defer cancel()
 			jim := &jobInfoMock{}
 			sfm := &stepFactoryMock{}
@@ -519,7 +575,7 @@ func TestNewJobExecutor(t *testing.T) {
 
 				sfm.On("newStep", stepModel, rc).Return(sm, nil)
 
-				sm.On("pre").Return(func(ctx context.Context) error {
+				sm.On("pre").Return(func(_ctx context.Context) error {
 					if tt.preSteps[i] {
 						executorOrder = append(executorOrder, "pre"+stepModel.ID)
 					}
@@ -528,6 +584,10 @@ func TestNewJobExecutor(t *testing.T) {
 
 				sm.On("main").Return(func(ctx context.Context) error {
 					executorOrder = append(executorOrder, "step"+stepModel.ID)
+					if tt.timeout {
+						expire()
+						return ctx.Err()
+					}
 					if tt.hasError {
 						return errors.New("error")
 					}
@@ -538,6 +598,9 @@ func TestNewJobExecutor(t *testing.T) {
 					if tt.postSteps[i] {
 						executorOrder = append(executorOrder, "post"+stepModel.ID)
 					}
+					if tt.timeout {
+						require.NoError(t, ctx.Err(), "post step must run against a fresh, non-expired context")
+					}
 					return nil
 				})
 
@@ -555,7 +618,7 @@ func TestNewJobExecutor(t *testing.T) {
 					return nil
 				})
 
-				if contains("stopContainer", tt.executedSteps) {
+				if slices.Contains(tt.executedSteps, "stopContainer") {
 					jim.On("stopContainer").Return(func(ctx context.Context) error {
 						executorOrder = append(executorOrder, "stopContainer")
 						require.NoError(t, ctx.Err())
@@ -569,7 +632,7 @@ func TestNewJobExecutor(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			if len(tt.steps) > 0 {
-				jim.On("closeContainer").Return(func(ctx context.Context) error {
+				jim.On("closeContainer").Return(func(_ctx context.Context) error {
 					executorOrder = append(executorOrder, "closeContainer")
 					return nil
 				})
@@ -590,8 +653,6 @@ func TestNewJobExecutor(t *testing.T) {
 
 			jim.AssertExpectations(t)
 			sfm.AssertExpectations(t)
-
-			fmt.Println("::endgroup::") //nolint:forbidigo // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -622,123 +683,31 @@ func (ctx *controllableDeadlineContext) expire() {
 	close(ctx.done)
 }
 
-// TestNewJobExecutorRunsPostStepsAfterTimeout guards the timeout-minutes cleanup
-// path: when a job exceeds its timeout the job context is DeadlineExceeded, but
-// the post steps (cleanup hooks like actions/checkout post and cache save) must
-// still run against a fresh, non-expired context, and the job must still be
-// reported as failed.
-func TestNewJobExecutorRunsPostStepsAfterTimeout(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := newControllableDeadlineContext(common.WithJobErrorContainer(t.Context()))
-
-	jim := &jobInfoMock{}
-	sfm := &stepFactoryMock{}
-	rc := &RunContext{
-		JobContainer: &jobContainerMock{},
-		Run: &model.Run{
-			JobID: "test",
-			Workflow: &model.Workflow{
-				Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{
-					"test": {},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		Config: &Config{},
-	}
-	rc.ExprEval = rc.NewExpressionEvaluator(ctx)
-
-	stepModel := &model.Step{ID: "1"}
-	jim.On("steps").Return([]*model.Step{stepModel})
-	jim.On("matrix").Return(map[string]any{})
-	jim.On("startContainer").Return(func(ctx context.Context) error { return nil })
-	jim.On("interpolateOutputs").Return(func(ctx context.Context) error { return nil })
-	jim.On("closeContainer").Return(func(ctx context.Context) error { return nil })
-	// The job timed out, so it must be reported as failed and still cleaned up.
-	jim.On("stopContainer").Return(func(context.Context) error { return nil })
-	jim.On("result", "failure")
-
-	sm := &stepMock{}
-	sfm.On("newStep", stepModel, rc).Return(sm, nil)
-	sm.On("pre").Return(func(ctx context.Context) error { return nil })
-	sm.On("main").Return(func(stepCtx context.Context) error {
-		ctx.expire()
-		return stepCtx.Err()
-	})
-
-	var postRan bool
-	var postCtxErr error
-	sm.On("post").Return(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		postRan = true
-		postCtxErr = ctx.Err()
-		return nil
-	})
-
-	executor := newJobExecutor(jim, sfm, rc)
-	// The executor itself returns nil on timeout: the failure is surfaced through
-	// the job result ("failure", asserted via the result mock below), not the
-	// return value.
-	require.NoError(t, executor(ctx))
-
-	assert.True(t, postRan, "post step must run after a job timeout")
-	require.NoError(t, postCtxErr, "post step must run against a fresh, non-expired context")
-
-	jim.AssertExpectations(t)
-	sfm.AssertExpectations(t)
-	sm.AssertExpectations(t)
-}
-
-// TestSetJobResultMatrixContinueOnError exercises the parallel-matrix path
-// end-to-end: two combinations share one *model.Job and continue-on-error is
-// keyed on matrix.experimental, so one combination tolerates its failure and the
-// other does not. The job is reported as continue-on-error only when EVERY failing
-// combination was tolerated; a single firm failure makes the whole job firm, and
-// handleFailure then fails the run.
 func TestSetJobResultMatrixContinueOnError(t *testing.T) {
-	const jobYAML = "continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.experimental }}\nruns-on: ubuntu-latest"
-
-	newSharedJob := func(t *testing.T) (*model.Job, *model.Workflow) {
-		t.Helper()
-		var job *model.Job
-		require.NoError(t, yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(jobYAML), &job))
-		return job, &model.Workflow{
-			Name: "workflow1",
-			Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"job1": job},
-		}
-	}
-
-	planFor := func(wf *model.Workflow) *model.Plan {
-		return &model.Plan{Stages: []*model.Stage{{Runs: []*model.Run{{Workflow: wf, JobID: "job1"}}}}}
-	}
-
 	ctx := t.Context()
+	for name, tolerated := range map[string]bool{
+		"one tolerated and one firm failure fails the run": false,
+		"all tolerated failures do not fail the run":       true,
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var job *model.Job
+			require.NoError(t, yaml.Unmarshal([]byte("continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.experimental }}\nruns-on: ubuntu-latest"), &job))
+			workflow := &model.Workflow{Name: "workflow1", Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"job1": job}}
+			for _, experimental := range []bool{true, tolerated} {
+				rc := newTestRC(workflow, map[string]any{"experimental": experimental})
+				setJobResult(ctx, rc, rc, false)
+			}
 
-	// fail drives a single matrix combination through the failure path; each
+			assert.Equal(t, "failure", job.Result)
-	// RunContext is its own jobInfo (rc implements jobInfo) and shares the job.
+			assert.Equal(t, tolerated, job.ContinueOnError)
-	fail := func(wf *model.Workflow, experimental bool) {
+			err := handleFailure(&model.Plan{Stages: []*model.Stage{{Runs: []*model.Run{{Workflow: workflow, JobID: "job1"}}}}})(ctx)
-		rc := newTestRC(wf, map[string]any{"experimental": experimental})
+			if tolerated {
-		setJobResult(ctx, rc, rc, false)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+			}
+		})
 	}
-
-	t.Run("one tolerated and one firm failure fails the run", func(t *testing.T) {
-		job, wf := newSharedJob(t)
-		// Order is intentional: the tolerated combination finishes first, then the
-		// firm one. The firm-failure latch must still win regardless of order.
-		fail(wf, true)
-		fail(wf, false)
-
-		assert.Equal(t, "failure", job.Result)
-		assert.False(t, job.ContinueOnError, "a single firm failure must make the whole job firm")
-		assert.Error(t, handleFailure(planFor(wf))(ctx))
-	})
-
-	t.Run("all tolerated failures do not fail the run", func(t *testing.T) {
-		job, wf := newSharedJob(t)
-		fail(wf, true)
-		fail(wf, true)
-
-		assert.Equal(t, "failure", job.Result)
-		assert.True(t, job.ContinueOnError, "every failing combination was tolerated")
-		assert.NoError(t, handleFailure(planFor(wf))(ctx))
-	})
 }
 
 func TestHasJobSummaryCapability(t *testing.T) {
@@ -925,44 +894,34 @@ func TestTryUploadJobSummaryUploadsEachStepIndependentlyWithInstanceTransport(t
 	cm.AssertExpectations(t)
 }
 
-func TestTryUploadJobSummaryRequiresExactCapability(t *testing.T) {
+func TestTryUploadJobSummarySkipsUnsupportedUploads(t *testing.T) {
-	requests := 0
+	for name, tt := range map[string]struct {
-	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		capabilities string
-		requests++
+		runtimeToken string
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+	}{
-	}))
+		"requires exact capability": {"not-job-summary,job-summary-v2", fakeRuntimeToken(34)},
-	defer server.Close()
+		"requires job ID":           {"job-summary", "not-a-jwt"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			requests := 0
+			server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _r *http.Request) {
+				requests++
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+			}))
+			defer server.Close()
 
-	rc := newJobSummaryRC(map[string]string{
+			rc := newJobSummaryRC(map[string]string{
-		"GITEA_ACTIONS_CAPABILITIES": "not-job-summary,job-summary-v2",
+				"GITEA_ACTIONS_CAPABILITIES": tt.capabilities,
-		"ACTIONS_RUNTIME_URL":        server.URL,
+				"ACTIONS_RUNTIME_URL":        server.URL,
-		"ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN":      fakeRuntimeToken(34),
+				"ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN":      tt.runtimeToken,
-		"GITEA_RUN_ID":               "12",
+				"GITEA_RUN_ID":               "12",
-	}, &containerMock{}, 1)
+			}, &containerMock{}, 1)
 
-	tryUploadJobSummary(t.Context(), rc)
+			tryUploadJobSummary(t.Context(), rc)
 
-	assert.Equal(t, 0, requests)
+			assert.Zero(t, requests)
-}
+		})
-
+	}
-func TestTryUploadJobSummarySkipsWhenJobIDMissingFromToken(t *testing.T) {
-	requests := 0
-	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		requests++
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
-	}))
-	defer server.Close()
-
-	rc := newJobSummaryRC(map[string]string{
-		"GITEA_ACTIONS_CAPABILITIES": "job-summary",
-		"ACTIONS_RUNTIME_URL":        server.URL,
-		"ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN":      "not-a-jwt",
-		"GITEA_RUN_ID":               "12",
-	}, &containerMock{}, 1)
-
-	tryUploadJobSummary(t.Context(), rc)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, 0, requests)
 }
 
 func TestExtractJobIDFromRuntimeToken(t *testing.T) {
@@ -991,47 +950,39 @@ func TestReadSingleFileFromContainerArchiveFindsMatchingRegularFile(t *testing.T
 	cm.AssertExpectations(t)
 }
 
-func TestReadSingleFileFromContainerArchiveTruncatesWhenTooLarge(t *testing.T) {
+func TestReadSingleFileFromContainerArchiveSizeLimit(t *testing.T) {
-	logger, hook := logtest.NewLogger()
+	for name, tt := range map[string]struct {
-	ctx := common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger)
+		content  string
-	cm := &containerMock{}
+		maxBytes int64
-	content := strings.Repeat("a", 300)
+		want     string
-	cm.On("GetContainerArchive", ctx, "/var/run/act/workflow/SUMMARY.md").Return(
+	}{
-		io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(tarArchive(t, tarEntry{name: "SUMMARY.md", body: content}))),
+		"truncates oversized summary": {strings.Repeat("a", 300), 200, strings.Repeat("a", 200-len(jobSummaryTruncationMarker)) + jobSummaryTruncationMarker},
-		nil,
+		"keeps exact limit":           {"abc", 3, "abc"},
-	).Once()
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			logger, hook := logtest.NewLogger()
+			ctx := common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger)
+			cm := &containerMock{}
+			cm.On("GetContainerArchive", ctx, "/var/run/act/workflow/SUMMARY.md").Return(
+				io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(tarArchive(t, tarEntry{name: "SUMMARY.md", body: tt.content}))),
+				nil,
+			).Once()
 
-	const maxBytes = 200
+			body, ok := readSingleFileFromContainerArchive(ctx, cm, "/var/run/act/workflow/SUMMARY.md", tt.maxBytes)
-	body, ok := readSingleFileFromContainerArchive(ctx, cm, "/var/run/act/workflow/SUMMARY.md", maxBytes)
 
-	// Oversized summaries are truncated to the limit (reserving room for the marker)
+			assert.True(t, ok)
-	// rather than dropped entirely, and the truncation marker is appended.
+			assert.Equal(t, []byte(tt.want), body)
-	assert.True(t, ok)
+			assert.LessOrEqual(t, int64(len(body)), tt.maxBytes)
-	assert.LessOrEqual(t, len(body), maxBytes)
+			if int64(len(tt.content)) > tt.maxBytes {
-	keep := maxBytes - len(jobSummaryTruncationMarker)
+				if assert.Len(t, hook.AllRecords(), 1) {
-	assert.Equal(t, []byte(content[:keep]+jobSummaryTruncationMarker), body)
+					assert.Contains(t, hook.LastRecord().Message, "job summary truncated")
-	if assert.Len(t, hook.AllRecords(), 1) {
+				}
-		assert.Contains(t, hook.AllRecords()[0].Message, "job summary truncated")
+			} else {
+				assert.Empty(t, hook.AllRecords())
+			}
+			cm.AssertExpectations(t)
+		})
 	}
-	cm.AssertExpectations(t)
-}
-
-func TestReadSingleFileFromContainerArchiveKeepsExactLimitWithoutWarning(t *testing.T) {
-	logger, hook := logtest.NewLogger()
-	ctx := common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger)
-	cm := &containerMock{}
-	cm.On("GetContainerArchive", ctx, "/var/run/act/workflow/SUMMARY.md").Return(
-		io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(tarArchive(t, tarEntry{name: "SUMMARY.md", body: "abc"}))),
-		nil,
-	).Once()
-
-	body, ok := readSingleFileFromContainerArchive(ctx, cm, "/var/run/act/workflow/SUMMARY.md", 3)
-
-	// A summary that is exactly at the limit is kept whole and not flagged as truncated.
-	assert.True(t, ok)
-	assert.Equal(t, []byte("abc"), body)
-	assert.Empty(t, hook.AllRecords())
-	cm.AssertExpectations(t)
 }
 
 type tarEntry struct {
@@ -1137,34 +1088,24 @@ func TestEvaluateJobContinueOnError(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestJobSetContinueOnError(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("first call true", func(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, tt := range map[string]struct {
-		j := &model.Job{}
+		values []bool
-		j.SetContinueOnError(true)
+		want   bool
-		assert.True(t, j.ContinueOnError)
+	}{
-	})
+		"first call true":                {[]bool{true}, true},
-	t.Run("first call false", func(t *testing.T) {
+		"first call false":               {[]bool{false}, false},
-		j := &model.Job{}
+		"true then false locks to false": {[]bool{true, false}, false},
-		j.SetContinueOnError(false)
+		"false then true stays false":    {[]bool{false, true}, false},
-		assert.False(t, j.ContinueOnError)
+		"true then true stays true":      {[]bool{true, true}, true},
-	})
+	} {
-	t.Run("true then false locks to false", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-		j := &model.Job{}
+			job := &model.Job{}
-		j.SetContinueOnError(true)
+			for _, value := range tt.values {
-		j.SetContinueOnError(false)
+				job.SetContinueOnError(value)
-		assert.False(t, j.ContinueOnError)
+			}
-	})
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, job.ContinueOnError)
-	t.Run("false then true stays false", func(t *testing.T) {
+		})
-		j := &model.Job{}
+	}
-		j.SetContinueOnError(false)
-		j.SetContinueOnError(true)
-		assert.False(t, j.ContinueOnError)
-	})
-	t.Run("true then true stays true", func(t *testing.T) {
-		j := &model.Job{}
-		j.SetContinueOnError(true)
-		j.SetContinueOnError(true)
-		assert.True(t, j.ContinueOnError)
-	})
 }
 
 func TestTryUploadJobSummaryMasksSecrets(t *testing.T) {

act/runner/job_hooks.go

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func (rc *RunContext) runJobHook(ctx context.Context, hookPath, name string) err
 
 	err := rc.setupHookFileCommands(ctx, env)
 	if err == nil {
-		err = rc.JobContainer.Exec(cmd, env, "", "")(ctx)
+		err = rc.withCommandLogWriter(ctx, rc.JobContainer.Exec(cmd, env, "", ""))
 	}
 	// Processed even on failure, so a hook that exports what it managed to set up before
 	// failing still hands it to the job.

act/runner/job_hooks_test.go

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ type hookContainer struct {
 	err     error
 	envFile map[string]string
 	pathTar []byte
+	output  string
+	stdout  io.Writer
 }
 
 func (c *hookContainer) ToContainerPath(path string) string { return path }
@@ -41,10 +43,21 @@ func (c *hookContainer) GetRunnerContext(context.Context) map[string]any {
 func (c *hookContainer) Exec(command []string, env map[string]string, _, _ string) common.Executor {
 	return func(context.Context) error {
 		c.cmd, c.env = command, env
+		if c.output != "" {
+			if _, err := io.WriteString(c.stdout, c.output); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
 		return c.err
 	}
 }
 
+func (c *hookContainer) ReplaceLogWriter(stdout, _ io.Writer) (io.Writer, io.Writer) {
+	old := c.stdout
+	c.stdout = stdout
+	return old, nil
+}
+
 func (c *hookContainer) UpdateFromEnv(_ string, env *map[string]string) common.Executor {
 	return func(context.Context) error {
 		maps.Copy(*env, c.envFile)
@@ -90,6 +103,19 @@ func TestRunJobHook(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, "/var/run/act/workflow/hook-path.txt", jobContainer.env["GITHUB_PATH"])
 	})
 
+	t.Run("each hook has its own command state", func(t *testing.T) {
+		jobContainer := &hookContainer{output: "::stop-commands::token77"}
+		rc, ctx := newHookRunContext(jobContainer, &Config{JobStartedHook: "/started.sh", JobCompletedHook: "/completed.sh"})
+		jobWriter := rc.commandLogWriter(ctx)
+		jobContainer.stdout = jobWriter
+
+		require.NoError(t, rc.runJobStartedHook(ctx))
+		jobContainer.output = "::add-mask::s3cret"
+		require.NoError(t, rc.runJobCompletedHook(ctx))
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"token77", "s3cret"}, rc.Masks)
+		assert.Same(t, jobWriter, jobContainer.stdout)
+	})
+
 	// Each hook reads its own variable, so a swapped constant cannot pass.
 	t.Run("falls back to the GitHub environment variables", func(t *testing.T) {
 		for name, hook := range map[string]struct {

act/runner/logger.go

@@ -51,29 +51,19 @@ const (
 )
 
 var (
-	colors    []int
+	colors    = []int{blue, yellow, green, magenta, red, gray, cyan}
 	nextColor int
 	mux       sync.Mutex
 )
 
-func init() {
-	nextColor = 0
-	colors = []int{
-		blue, yellow, green, magenta, red, gray, cyan,
-	}
-}
-
 type masksContextKey string
 
 const masksContextKeyVal = masksContextKey("logrus.FieldLogger")
 
 // Logger returns the appropriate logger for current context
 func Masks(ctx context.Context) *[]string {
-	val := ctx.Value(masksContextKeyVal)
+	if masks, ok := ctx.Value(masksContextKeyVal).(*[]string); ok {
-	if val != nil {
+		return masks
-		if masks, ok := val.(*[]string); ok {
-			return masks
-		}
 	}
 	return &[]string{}
 }
@@ -178,7 +168,7 @@ var secretValueEncoders = []func(string) string{
 	uriDataEscape,
 	url.QueryEscape, // the form-encoded twin of uriDataEscape, which spells a space "+"
 	url.PathEscape,
-	xmlDataEscape,
+	xmlDataEscaper.Replace,
 	trimDoubleQuotes,
 }
 
@@ -225,10 +215,6 @@ var xmlDataEscaper = strings.NewReplacer(
 	"'", "'",
 )
 
-func xmlDataEscape(v string) string {
-	return xmlDataEscaper.Replace(v)
-}
-
 func trimDoubleQuotes(v string) string {
 	if len(v) > 8 && strings.HasPrefix(v, `"`) && strings.HasSuffix(v, `"`) {
 		return v[1 : len(v)-1]
@@ -407,7 +393,7 @@ func (f textFormatter) format(r logging.Record) ([]byte, error) {
 	b := &bytes.Buffer{}
 
 	// the web renderer decodes command data, so this local view has to as well
-	if _, _, _, ok := tryParseRawActionCommand(r.Message + "\n"); ok {
+	if _, _, _, ok := parseActionCommand(r.Message, ""); ok && (strings.HasPrefix(r.Message, "::") || strings.HasPrefix(r.Message, "##[")) {
 		r.Message = UnescapeCommandData(r.Message)
 	}
 	r.Message = strings.TrimSuffix(r.Message, "\n")
@@ -468,7 +454,8 @@ func (f textFormatter) print(b *bytes.Buffer, r logging.Record) {
 }
 
 func (f textFormatter) isColored() bool {
-	isColored := checkIfTerminal(f.w)
+	file, ok := f.w.(*os.File)
+	isColored := ok && term.IsTerminal(int(file.Fd()))
 
 	if force, ok := os.LookupEnv("CLICOLOR_FORCE"); ok && force != "0" {
 		isColored = true
@@ -481,15 +468,6 @@ func (f textFormatter) isColored() bool {
 	return isColored
 }
 
-func checkIfTerminal(w io.Writer) bool {
-	switch v := w.(type) {
-	case *os.File:
-		return term.IsTerminal(int(v.Fd()))
-	default:
-		return false
-	}
-}
-
 // maskSecrets hides this job's secrets in a value that reaches somewhere the log maskers cannot,
 // such as a container name or a job summary. Masks added at runtime count, so a summary written
 // after ::add-mask:: is covered too.

act/runner/max_parallel_test.go

@@ -14,59 +14,25 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestMaxParallelStrategy(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
 		name                string
 		maxParallelString   string
 		expectedMaxParallel int
 	}{
-		{
+		{"max-parallel-1", "1", 1},
-			name:                "max-parallel-1",
+		{"max-parallel-2", "2", 2},
-			maxParallelString:   "1",
+		{"max-parallel-default", "", 4},
-			expectedMaxParallel: 1,
+		{"max-parallel-10-clamped-to-combinations", "10", 5},
-		},
+		{"max-parallel-invalid-falls-back-to-default", "tow", 4},
-		{
+	} {
-			name:                "max-parallel-2",
-			maxParallelString:   "2",
-			expectedMaxParallel: 2,
-		},
-		{
-			name:                "max-parallel-default",
-			maxParallelString:   "",
-			expectedMaxParallel: 4,
-		},
-		{
-			name:                "max-parallel-10-clamped-to-combinations",
-			maxParallelString:   "10",
-			expectedMaxParallel: 5,
-		},
-		{
-			name:                "max-parallel-invalid-falls-back-to-default",
-			maxParallelString:   "tow",
-			expectedMaxParallel: 4,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			matrix := map[string][]any{
-				"version": {1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
-			}
-
 			var rawMatrix yaml.Node
-			err := rawMatrix.Encode(matrix)
+			require.NoError(t, rawMatrix.Encode(map[string][]any{"version": {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}}))
-			assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+			job := &model.Job{Strategy: &model.Strategy{MaxParallelString: tt.maxParallelString, RawMatrix: rawMatrix}}
-
-			job := &model.Job{
-				Strategy: &model.Strategy{
-					MaxParallelString: tt.maxParallelString,
-					RawMatrix:         rawMatrix,
-				},
-			}
 
 			matrixes, err := job.GetMatrixes()
-			assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+			require.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.NotNil(t, matrixes)
+			require.Len(t, matrixes, 5)
-			assert.Len(t, matrixes, 5)
 			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedMaxParallel, maxParallelFor(job.Strategy, len(matrixes)))
 		})
 	}

act/runner/patch_actions.go

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
+	"slices"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 
@@ -40,8 +40,9 @@ const (
 	cacheURLEnv       = "ACTIONS_CACHE_URL"
 	resultsURLEnv     = "ACTIONS_RESULTS_URL"
 
-	// localhostHost is the suffix isGhes accepts.
+	// localhostHost is the suffix isGhes accepts, and gheHost the one it tests just before.
 	localhostHost = ".LOCALHOST"
+	gheHost       = ".GHE.COM"
 
 	// artifactRefusal is the only thing the gate guards in @actions/artifact, which is what makes
 	// such a bundle safe to open. A bundle carrying neither toolkit uses isGhes for something this
@@ -57,8 +58,10 @@ var (
 	// testing it, while undici, bundled into all of these actions, tests a lowercase ".localhost"
 	// in isURLPotentiallyTrustworthy. Opening that one would tell its HTTP client that every URL
 	// is trustworthy. Uppercase, the literal occurs nowhere but this test, across 118 bundles
-	// covering every major version of sixteen actions.
+	// covering every major version of sixteen actions. Anchoring on the .GHE.COM test, 5 to 35
-	localhostTest = regexp.MustCompile(`endsWith\s*\(\s*` + quoted(regexp.QuoteMeta(localhostHost)) + `\s*\)`)
+	// bytes before it, keeps any other library's uppercase test out.
+	localhostTest = regexp.MustCompile(`endsWith\s*\(\s*` + quoted(regexp.QuoteMeta(gheHost)) + `\s*\)(?s:.{0,128}?)` +
+		`endsWith\s*\(\s*` + quoted(regexp.QuoteMeta(localhostHost)) + `\s*\)`)
 
 	// serviceURLBranches matches both branches of getCacheServiceURL at once: the v1 branch reads
 	// the cache URL and falls back to the results URL, the v2 branch just below reads the results
@@ -83,26 +86,41 @@ func quoted(pattern string) string {
 	return "(?:'" + pattern + "'|\"" + pattern + "\"|`" + pattern + "`)"
 }
 
-// actionScriptPaths returns the entrypoints of a node action, the only kind with a bundle. Only
+// actionScriptPaths returns a node action's entrypoints and the chunks bundled beside them. Only
 // remote actions get here: a local one lives in the user's checkout, which the runner does not
-// rewrite.
+// rewrite. Scripts may leave dir for the rest of the checkout, as setup-gradle's ../dist does.
-func actionScriptPaths(dir string, action *model.Action) []string {
+func actionScriptPaths(checkout, dir string, action *model.Action) []string {
 	if action == nil || !action.Runs.Using.IsNode() {
 		return nil
 	}
+	root, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(checkout)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
 	var paths []string
 	for _, script := range []string{action.Runs.Pre, action.Runs.Main, action.Runs.Post} {
 		if script == "" {
 			continue
 		}
-		path := filepath.Join(dir, script)
+		path, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(filepath.Join(dir, script))
-		// `runs` is the action's own yaml, and a key pointing outside its directory is not ours.
+		if err != nil {
-		if rel, err := filepath.Rel(dir, path); err != nil || strings.HasPrefix(rel, "..") {
+			continue
+		}
+		// `runs` is the action's own yaml, and a key resolving outside its checkout is not ours.
+		bundleDir := filepath.Dir(path)
+		if rel, err := filepath.Rel(root, bundleDir); err != nil || !filepath.IsLocal(rel) {
 			continue
 		}
 		paths = append(paths, path)
+		entries, _ := os.ReadDir(bundleDir)
+		for _, entry := range entries {
+			if entry.Type().IsRegular() && slices.Contains([]string{".js", ".cjs", ".mjs"}, filepath.Ext(entry.Name())) {
+				paths = append(paths, filepath.Join(bundleDir, entry.Name()))
+			}
+		}
 	}
-	return paths
+	slices.Sort(paths)
+	return slices.Compact(paths)
 }
 
 // patchActions returns a restore: the tree is shared, so a job with patching off gets no edits.
@@ -164,7 +182,8 @@ func patchedBundle(data []byte) ([]byte, bool) {
 	opened := localhostTest.ReplaceAllFunc(data, func(test []byte) []byte {
 		// Drop the hostname from the test rather than rewriting the call, so the bundle's own
 		// quoting survives and the result stays valid even inside a string literal.
-		return bytes.Replace(test, []byte(localhostHost), nil, 1)
+		before, after, _ := bytes.CutLast(test, []byte(localhostHost))
+		return slices.Concat(before, after)
 	})
 	if cache {
 		opened = serviceURLBranches.ReplaceAll(opened, cacheURLFirst)

act/runner/patch_actions_e2e_test.go

@@ -20,16 +20,13 @@ import (
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/artifactcache"
 
+	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-// actionsCacheRef pins the actions/cache release this is verified against. Bump it
-// deliberately: a new release is exactly what can stop the patch matching.
 const actionsCacheRef = "v6.1.0"
 
-// bundleFromGitHub downloads one entrypoint, keeping it in the user cache dir so repeated runs
-// cost nothing. The bundles are megabytes, too large to vendor.
 func bundleFromGitHub(t *testing.T, repo, ref, path string) string {
 	t.Helper()
 
@@ -52,6 +49,7 @@ func bundleFromGitHub(t *testing.T, repo, ref, path string) string {
 		t.Skipf("cannot reach %s: %v", url, err)
 	}
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	require.NotEqual(t, http.StatusNotFound, resp.StatusCode, "%s is not in this release", url)
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Skipf("GET %s: %s", url, resp.Status)
 	}
@@ -63,17 +61,28 @@ func bundleFromGitHub(t *testing.T, repo, ref, path string) string {
 	return bundle
 }
 
-// jobEnv is the environment a job gets from this runner, which is what decides where an action's
-// toolkit looks for the cache and artifact services.
 type jobEnv struct {
 	workspace, runnerTemp string
 	cacheURL, resultsURL  string
 	token                 string
 }
 
-// runActionEntrypoint runs one action entrypoint the way a job would. Adding another action to these tests
+func newActionJobEnv(t *testing.T, token string, credential artifactcache.JobCredential) jobEnv {
-// means downloading its entrypoint with bundleFromGitHub and calling this with its inputs, whose
+	t.Helper()
-// names are the ones the action's own action.yml uses.
+
+	handler, err := artifactcache.StartHandler(artifactcache.Options{Dir: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "cache"), OutboundIP: "127.0.0.1"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = handler.Close() })
+	t.Cleanup(handler.RegisterJob(token, credential))
+	return jobEnv{
+		workspace:  tempDirPath(t),
+		runnerTemp: tempDirPath(t),
+		cacheURL:   handler.ExternalURL(),
+		resultsURL: handler.ExternalURL(),
+		token:      token,
+	}
+}
+
 func runActionEntrypoint(t *testing.T, script string, env jobEnv, inputs map[string]string) string {
 	t.Helper()
 	state := filepath.Join(env.runnerTemp, "state")
@@ -108,7 +117,6 @@ func runActionEntrypoint(t *testing.T, script string, env jobEnv, inputs map[str
 	return string(out)
 }
 
-// patchedAction downloads one entrypoint and patches it exactly as a downloaded action would be.
 func patchedAction(t *testing.T, repo, ref, entrypoint string) string {
 	t.Helper()
 
@@ -120,8 +128,6 @@ func patchedAction(t *testing.T, repo, ref, entrypoint string) string {
 	return script
 }
 
-// tempDirPath is TempDir with symlinks resolved, because macOS hands out /var paths that resolve
-// to /private/var and the client derives archive paths relative to the workspace.
 func tempDirPath(t *testing.T) string {
 	t.Helper()
 
@@ -130,32 +136,13 @@ func tempDirPath(t *testing.T) string {
 	return dir
 }
 
-// The whole chain against the pinned release, whose bundles ship unminified: patch them, run the
-// real client with an ordinary Gitea server URL and a results URL that goes nowhere, and have it
-// save and restore through this runner's cache server. The unreachable results URL is the point,
-// it is what proves the cache reaches the runner without the runner fronting Gitea. If a release
-// stops matching the patch the client falls back to v1 and this fails on the version line, which
-// is the signal to look at the new bundle.
 func TestCacheServiceV2EndToEnd(t *testing.T) {
 	requireHostTools(t, "node")
 
 	restore := patchedAction(t, "actions/cache", actionsCacheRef, "dist/restore/index.js")
 	save := patchedAction(t, "actions/cache", actionsCacheRef, "dist/save/index.js")
 
-	handler, err := artifactcache.StartHandler(artifactcache.Options{Dir: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "cache"), OutboundIP: "127.0.0.1"})
+	env := newActionJobEnv(t, "e2e-runtime-token", artifactcache.JobCredential{Repo: "testuser/testrepo"})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = handler.Close() })
-	const token, repo = "e2e-runtime-token", "testuser/testrepo"
-	handler.RegisterJob(token, artifactcache.JobCredential{Repo: repo})
-
-	env := jobEnv{
-		workspace:  tempDirPath(t),
-		runnerTemp: tempDirPath(t),
-		cacheURL:   handler.ExternalURL(),
-		// The results service is the cache server's too, which is what the runner advertises.
-		resultsURL: handler.ExternalURL(),
-		token:      token,
-	}
 	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(env.workspace, "to-cache"), 0o755))
 	content := []byte("cached through the patched gate")
 	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(env.workspace, "to-cache", "data.txt"), content, 0o600))
@@ -177,46 +164,33 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2EndToEnd(t *testing.T) {
 	got, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(env.workspace, "to-cache", "data.txt"))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, content, got)
-
-	// Untouched, the same client takes a Gitea host for GHES and stays on v1, which reaches the
-	// cache server on its own address. That is what a runner without a results service of its own
-	// leaves its jobs with, so it has to round trip too.
 	env.workspace = tempDirPath(t)
 	v1 := runActionEntrypoint(t, bundleFromGitHub(t, "actions/cache", actionsCacheRef, "dist/restore/index.js"), env, inputs)
 	require.Contains(t, v1, "Cache service version: v1")
 	require.Contains(t, v1, "Cache restored from key: "+key)
 }
 
-// The gate and the URL getter are separate functions, and a bundler may put either first: the gap
-// between them runs from 159 to 1179 bytes across these actions, which is why neither edit is
-// anchored on that distance. One entrypoint from each of the families that bundle the cache
-// toolkit, patched but not run, is what keeps a future release from quietly matching only one of
-// the two shapes and leaving every cache on v1.
 func TestPatchedBundleAcrossActions(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tc := range []struct {
 		repo, ref, path string
 		wantPatched     bool
 	}{
-		// The cache toolkit, in each bundler shape and from a spread of ecosystems, including the
-		// actions that drive a Go or a Rust cache client of their own.
 		{"actions/cache", actionsCacheRef, "dist/restore/index.js", true},
-		{"actions/setup-node", "v7.0.0", "dist/cache-save/index.js", true},
+		{"actions/setup-node", "v7.1.0", "dist/cache-save/index.js", true},
 		{"actions/setup-python", "v7.0.0", "dist/setup/index.js", true},
 		{"actions/setup-go", "v7.0.0", "dist/setup/index.js", true},
 		{"actions/setup-java", "v5.7.0", "dist/setup/index.js", true},
-		{"ruby/setup-ruby", "v1.321.0", "dist/index.js", true},
+		{"actions/setup-java", "v6.1.0", "dist/setup/295.index.js", true},
-		{"pnpm/action-setup", "v6.0.9", "dist/index.js", true},
+		{"ruby/setup-ruby", "v1.331.0", "dist/index.js", true},
+		{"pnpm/action-setup", "v6.1.0", "dist/index.js", true},
 		{"oven-sh/setup-bun", "v2.2.0", "dist/setup/index.js", true},
 		{"Swatinem/rust-cache", "v2.9.1", "dist/restore/index.js", true},
-		{"docker/build-push-action", "v7.3.0", "dist/index.cjs", true},
+		{"Swatinem/rust-cache", "v2.9.2", "dist/cache-CTfQoCTL.js", true},
-		// The artifact toolkit, where the gate is a refusal and there is nothing to redirect.
+		{"docker/build-push-action", "v7.4.0", "dist/index.cjs", true},
-		// v4.4.0 is the first release whose gate carries the localhost test this matches; the
+		{"gradle/actions", "v6.4.0", "dist/setup-gradle/main/index.js", true},
-		// releases before it refuse in a shape the runner leaves alone.
 		{"actions/upload-artifact", "v4.4.0", "dist/upload/index.js", true},
-		{"actions/upload-artifact", "v7.0.1", "dist/upload/index.js", true},
+		{"actions/upload-artifact", "v7.0.2", "dist/upload/index.js", true},
-		{"actions/download-artifact", "v8.0.1", "dist/index.js", true},
+		{"actions/download-artifact", "v8.0.2", "dist/index.js", true},
-		// Neither toolkit's gate, so these have to come back byte for byte. sccache-action is the
-		// one that exports ACTIONS_CACHE_SERVICE_V2 itself, for the Rust client it installs.
 		{"actions/checkout", "v7.0.1", "dist/index.js", false},
 		{"mozilla-actions/sccache-action", "v0.0.11", "dist/setup/index.js", false},
 	} {
@@ -235,10 +209,8 @@ func TestPatchedBundleAcrossActions(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.NotContains(t, string(out), ".LOCALHOST", "a copy of the gate was missed")
 
 			if !strings.Contains(string(data), CacheServiceV2Env) {
-				return // the artifact toolkit: a refusal to open, and no URL to move
+				return
 			}
-			// Only the reads inside getCacheServiceURL are rewritten. The others, such as the
-			// feature-availability check, must be left as they are.
 			assert.NotZero(t, strings.Count(string(out), "(process.env."+cacheURLEnv+"||process.env"),
 				"the cache service URL was not redirected")
 			assert.Equal(t, strings.Count(string(data), resultsURLEnv), strings.Count(string(out), resultsURLEnv),
@@ -247,10 +219,6 @@ func TestPatchedBundleAcrossActions(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// The stock artifact actions refuse on a Gitea host until the gate is opened, and then they talk
-// to the results service, which is this runner's cache server forwarding the artifact half on to
-// Gitea. Running the real upload-artifact against a stand-in Gitea covers both halves at once:
-// the patch, and the forwarding the job's registration set up.
 func TestUploadArtifactThroughTheResultsService(t *testing.T) {
 	requireHostTools(t, "node")
 
@@ -275,12 +243,12 @@ func TestUploadArtifactThroughTheResultsService(t *testing.T) {
 		case "download":
 			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/zip")
 			_, _ = w.Write(zipped)
-		default: // the zip on its way up, in the blocks the Azure protocol puts it in
+		default:
 			body, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
 			switch r.URL.Query().Get("comp") {
 			case "block":
 				zipped = append(zipped, body...)
-			case "blocklist": // the ordering document, not content
+			case "blocklist":
 			default:
 				zipped = body
 			}
@@ -288,24 +256,11 @@ func TestUploadArtifactThroughTheResultsService(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}))
 	defer gitea.Close()
+	env := newActionJobEnv(t, "e30."+base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(`{"scp":"Actions.Results:11:22"}`))+".sig",
+		artifactcache.JobCredential{Repo: "testuser/testrepo", Results: gitea.URL})
 
-	handler, err := artifactcache.StartHandler(artifactcache.Options{Dir: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "cache"), OutboundIP: "127.0.0.1"})
+	upload := patchedAction(t, "actions/upload-artifact", "v7.0.2", "dist/upload/index.js")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = handler.Close() })
-	// The artifact client decodes the runtime token for the run ids it puts in its requests, where
-	// the cache client only presents it, so this one has to be shaped like Gitea's.
-	token := "e30." + base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(`{"scp":"Actions.Results:11:22"}`)) + ".sig"
-	defer handler.RegisterJob(token, artifactcache.JobCredential{Repo: "testuser/testrepo", Results: gitea.URL})()
 
-	upload := patchedAction(t, "actions/upload-artifact", "v7.0.1", "dist/upload/index.js")
-
-	env := jobEnv{
-		workspace:  tempDirPath(t),
-		runnerTemp: tempDirPath(t),
-		cacheURL:   handler.ExternalURL(),
-		resultsURL: handler.ExternalURL(),
-		token:      token,
-	}
 	uploaded := []byte("through the results service")
 	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(env.workspace, "artifact.txt"), uploaded, 0o600))
 
@@ -316,10 +271,7 @@ func TestUploadArtifactThroughTheResultsService(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	require.Contains(t, out, "has been successfully uploaded")
-
+	download := patchedAction(t, "actions/download-artifact", "v8.0.2", "dist/index.js")
-	// And back down again: listing and downloading go the same way, and the signed URL the
-	// artifact service hands out is fetched straight from it.
-	download := patchedAction(t, "actions/download-artifact", "v8.0.1", "dist/index.js")
 	env.workspace = tempDirPath(t)
 	out = runActionEntrypoint(t, download, env, map[string]string{
 		"name": "an-artifact", "path": "downloaded", "merge-multiple": "false",
@@ -335,27 +287,12 @@ func TestUploadArtifactThroughTheResultsService(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, uploaded, got)
 }
 
-// The setup actions carry the same toolkit and reach the same service, from a key of their own
-// making. setup-node is the cheapest of them to run: given a lockfile and no version to install,
-// it does the cache lookup and nothing else.
 func TestSetupActionFindsTheCacheService(t *testing.T) {
 	requireHostTools(t, "node", "npm")
 
-	setup := patchedAction(t, "actions/setup-node", "v7.0.0", "dist/setup/index.js")
+	setup := patchedAction(t, "actions/setup-node", "v7.1.0", "dist/setup/index.js")
 
-	handler, err := artifactcache.StartHandler(artifactcache.Options{Dir: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "cache"), OutboundIP: "127.0.0.1"})
+	env := newActionJobEnv(t, "setup-runtime-token", artifactcache.JobCredential{Repo: "testuser/testrepo"})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = handler.Close() })
-	const token = "setup-runtime-token"
-	defer handler.RegisterJob(token, artifactcache.JobCredential{Repo: "testuser/testrepo"})()
-
-	env := jobEnv{
-		workspace:  tempDirPath(t),
-		runnerTemp: tempDirPath(t),
-		cacheURL:   handler.ExternalURL(),
-		resultsURL: handler.ExternalURL(),
-		token:      token,
-	}
 	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(env.workspace, "package-lock.json"),
 		[]byte(`{"lockfileVersion":3}`), 0o600))
 
@@ -364,3 +301,36 @@ func TestSetupActionFindsTheCacheService(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Contains(t, out, "Cache service version: v2")
 	require.Contains(t, out, "npm cache is not found", "the lookup did not reach the cache server")
 }
+
+func TestCodeSplitActionFindsTheCacheService(t *testing.T) {
+	requireHostTools(t, "node", "rustc")
+
+	dir := tempDirPath(t)
+	for _, name := range []string{
+		"action.yml", "dist/restore.js", "dist/save.js", "dist/cleanup-BWEbZ6YT.js",
+		"dist/cache-CTfQoCTL.js", "dist/cache-DC26rUaF.js", "dist/state-cjs-CkvFUaNy.js",
+	} {
+		body, err := os.ReadFile(bundleFromGitHub(t, "Swatinem/rust-cache", "v2.9.2", name))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(filepath.Join(dir, name)), 0o755))
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, name), body, 0o600))
+	}
+	body, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "action.yml"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	action, err := model.ReadAction(strings.NewReader(string(body)))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	inputs := map[string]string{"lookup-only": "true", "add-rust-environment-hash-key": "false", "cache-bin": "false"}
+	for name, input := range action.Inputs {
+		if _, ok := inputs[name]; !ok {
+			inputs[name] = input.Default
+		}
+	}
+	t.Setenv("CARGO_HOME", tempDirPath(t))
+
+	defer patchActions(t.Context(), actionScriptPaths(dir, dir, action))()
+	out := runActionEntrypoint(t, filepath.Join(dir, action.Runs.Main),
+		newActionJobEnv(t, "split-runtime-token", artifactcache.JobCredential{Repo: "testuser/testrepo"}), inputs)
+
+	require.Contains(t, out, "Cache service version: v2")
+	require.Contains(t, out, "No cache found.", "the lookup did not reach the cache server")
+}

act/runner/patch_actions_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -84,6 +85,21 @@ func TestPatchedBundleLeavesTrustworthyURLCheckAlone(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, gateOpened(string(out)))
 }
 
+func TestPatchedBundleOpensOnlyTheIsGhesTest(t *testing.T) {
+	const unrelated = `function isLocalName(h){return h.toUpperCase().endsWith('.LOCALHOST')}`
+
+	for _, bundle := range []string{unrelated + "\n" + gateTSC, gateTSC + "\n" + unrelated} {
+		out, patched := patchedBundle([]byte(bundle))
+		require.True(t, patched)
+		assert.Contains(t, string(out), unrelated)
+		assert.Contains(t, string(out), "!h.endsWith('')")
+	}
+
+	apart := strings.Replace(gateTSC, "&&!h.endsWith('.LOCALHOST')", "&&"+strings.Repeat(" ", 200)+"!h.endsWith('.LOCALHOST')", 1)
+	_, patched := patchedBundle([]byte(apart))
+	assert.False(t, patched)
+}
+
 // The artifact toolkit puts the same gate in front of a plain refusal, with no URL to move, so
 // opening it is what lets the stock upload-artifact work against Gitea instead of aborting.
 func TestPatchedBundleOpensTheArtifactRefusal(t *testing.T) {
@@ -211,16 +227,42 @@ func bundleFile(t *testing.T, body string) string {
 }
 
 func TestActionScriptPaths(t *testing.T) {
-	node := &model.Action{Runs: model.ActionRuns{Using: "node20", Main: "dist/restore/index.js", Post: "dist/save/index.js"}}
+	dir, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(t.TempDir())
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"/a/dist/restore/index.js", "/a/dist/save/index.js"}, actionScriptPaths("/a", node))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	dist := filepath.Join(dir, "dist")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(dist, "sub"), 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(dist, "directory.js"), 0o755))
+	for _, name := range []string{"dist/restore.js", "dist/save.js", "dist/cache-CTfQoCTL.js", "dist/295.index.js", "dist/chunk.cjs", "dist/chunk.mjs", "dist/LICENSE.txt", "dist/sub/deep.js", "pre.js"} {
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, name), nil, 0o644))
+	}
+	outside, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(outside, "index.js"), nil, 0o644))
+	require.NoError(t, os.Symlink(filepath.Join(outside, "index.js"), filepath.Join(dist, "linked.js")))
+
+	var chunks []string
+	for _, name := range []string{"295.index.js", "cache-CTfQoCTL.js", "chunk.cjs", "chunk.mjs", "restore.js", "save.js"} {
+		chunks = append(chunks, filepath.Join(dist, name))
+	}
+	node := &model.Action{Runs: model.ActionRuns{Using: "node20", Pre: "pre.js", Main: "dist/restore.js", Post: "dist/save.js"}}
+	assert.Equal(t, append(slices.Clone(chunks), filepath.Join(dir, "pre.js")), actionScriptPaths(dir, dir, node))
 
 	// Only a node action has a bundle to patch.
-	assert.Nil(t, actionScriptPaths("/a", &model.Action{Runs: model.ActionRuns{Using: "docker", Image: "alpine"}}))
+	assert.Nil(t, actionScriptPaths(dir, dir, &model.Action{Runs: model.ActionRuns{Using: "docker", Image: "alpine"}}))
-	assert.Nil(t, actionScriptPaths("/a", nil))
+	assert.Nil(t, actionScriptPaths(dir, dir, nil))
 
-	// An action naming a file outside its own directory does not get it rewritten.
+	// An action naming a file outside its checkout does not get it rewritten.
-	escaping := &model.Action{Runs: model.ActionRuns{Using: "node20", Main: "../../elsewhere/index.js"}}
+	require.NoError(t, os.Symlink(outside, filepath.Join(dir, "linked")))
-	assert.Nil(t, actionScriptPaths("/a", escaping))
+	escaping, err := filepath.Rel(dir, filepath.Join(outside, "index.js"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, main := range []string{"../../elsewhere/index.js", escaping, "dist/linked.js", "linked/index.js"} {
+		assert.Nil(t, actionScriptPaths(dir, dir, &model.Action{Runs: model.ActionRuns{Using: "node20", Main: main}}), main)
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, os.Symlink("dist", filepath.Join(dir, "build")))
+	assert.Equal(t, chunks, actionScriptPaths(dir, dir, &model.Action{Runs: model.ActionRuns{Using: "node20", Main: "build/restore.js"}}))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, chunks, actionScriptPaths(dir, filepath.Join(dir, "setup"), &model.Action{Runs: model.ActionRuns{Using: "node20", Main: "../dist/restore.js"}}))
 }
 
 func TestPatchActionsAtTheContainerCopy(t *testing.T) {
@@ -231,15 +273,16 @@ func TestPatchActionsAtTheContainerCopy(t *testing.T) {
 		sar := &stepActionRemote{
 			Step:         &model.Step{Uses: "owner/repo/sub@v1"},
 			remoteAction: &remoteAction{Org: "owner", Repo: "repo", Path: "sub", Ref: "v1"},
-			action:       &model.Action{Runs: model.ActionRuns{Using: "node20", Main: "index.js"}},
+			action:       &model.Action{Runs: model.ActionRuns{Using: "node20", Main: "../dist/index.js"}},
 			actionDir:    t.TempDir(),
 			RunContext: &RunContext{
 				Config:       &Config{ActionCacheDir: t.TempDir(), NoActionPatch: noPatch},
 				JobContainer: cm,
 			},
 		}
-		script := filepath.Join(sar.actionDir, "sub", "index.js")
+		script := filepath.Join(sar.actionDir, "dist", "cache.js")
 		require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(script), 0o755))
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(script), "index.js"), []byte("require('./cache.js')"), 0o600))
 		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(script, []byte(gateTSC), 0o600))
 
 		var copied string

act/runner/reusable_workflow.go

@@ -107,7 +107,13 @@ func newReusableWorkflowExecutor(rc *RunContext, directory, workflow string, cac
 			return err
 		}
 
-		runner, err := newReusableWorkflowRunner(rc)
+		runner, err := (&runnerImpl{
+			config: rc.Config,
+			caller: &caller{
+				runContext:               rc,
+				reusedWorkflowJobResults: map[string]string{},
+			},
+		}).configure()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -119,20 +125,6 @@ func newReusableWorkflowExecutor(rc *RunContext, directory, workflow string, cac
 	}
 }
 
-func newReusableWorkflowRunner(rc *RunContext) (*runnerImpl, error) {
-	runner := &runnerImpl{
-		config:    rc.Config,
-		eventJSON: rc.EventJSON,
-		caller: &caller{
-			runContext: rc,
-
-			reusedWorkflowJobResults: map[string]string{}, // For Gitea
-		},
-	}
-
-	return runner.configure()
-}
-
 type remoteReusableWorkflow struct {
 	*model.ReusableWorkflowUses
 	URL string
@@ -163,38 +155,32 @@ func newRemoteReusableWorkflow(baseURL, uses string) (*remoteReusableWorkflow, e
 // For Gitea
 func setReusedWorkflowCallerResult(rc *RunContext, runner *runnerImpl) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		caller := runner.caller
-
-		allJobDone := true
 		hasFailure := false
-		for _, result := range caller.reusedWorkflowJobResults {
+		for _, result := range runner.caller.reusedWorkflowJobResults {
 			if result == "pending" {
-				allJobDone = false
+				return nil
-				break
 			}
 			if result == "failure" {
 				hasFailure = true
 			}
 		}
 
-		if allJobDone {
+		reusedWorkflowJobResult := "success"
-			reusedWorkflowJobResult := "success"
+		reusedWorkflowJobResultMessage := "succeeded"
-			reusedWorkflowJobResultMessage := "succeeded"
+		if hasFailure {
-			if hasFailure {
+			reusedWorkflowJobResult = "failure"
-				reusedWorkflowJobResult = "failure"
+			reusedWorkflowJobResultMessage = "failed"
-				reusedWorkflowJobResultMessage = "failed"
+		}
-			}
 
-			if rc.caller != nil {
+		if rc.caller != nil {
-				rc.caller.setReusedWorkflowJobResult(rc.Run.JobID, reusedWorkflowJobResult)
+			rc.caller.setReusedWorkflowJobResult(rc.Run.JobID, reusedWorkflowJobResult)
-			} else {
+		} else {
-				// Serialize this shared Job.Result write against the other matrix combos
+			// Serialize this shared Job.Result write against the other matrix combos
-				// and setJobResult (same lockJob key).
+			// and setJobResult (same lockJob key).
-				unlock := lockJob(rc.Run.Job())
+			unlock := lockJob(rc.Run.Job())
-				rc.result(reusedWorkflowJobResult)
+			rc.result(reusedWorkflowJobResult)
-				unlock()
+			unlock()
-				common.Logger(ctx).With("jobResult", reusedWorkflowJobResult).Infof("Job %s", reusedWorkflowJobResultMessage)
+			common.Logger(ctx).With("jobResult", reusedWorkflowJobResult).Infof("Job %s", reusedWorkflowJobResultMessage)
-			}
 		}
 
 		return nil

act/runner/run_context.go

@@ -36,11 +36,9 @@ import (
 
 	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/exprparser"
 	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/compose/loader"
 	"github.com/docker/go-connections/nat"
 	"github.com/kballard/go-shellquote"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/mount"
-	"github.com/opencontainers/selinux/go-selinux"
 	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v4"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 	"golang.org/x/text/encoding/unicode"
@@ -84,9 +82,9 @@ type RunContext struct {
 	platformImage       string            // container.image or the runs-on pick, resolved once by isEnabled
 	jobIndex, jobTotal  int               // strategy.job-index and job-total, total 0 when unknown
 
-	jobEnv             map[string]string         // workflow and job env as evaluated for the container and service specs
+	jobEnv             map[string]string          // workflow and job env as evaluated for the container and service specs
-	dockerActionImages map[*model.Step]string    // Dockerfile action images built for this job, removed when it ends
+	dockerActionImages map[*model.Step]string     // Dockerfile action images built for this job, removed when it ends
-	actionDownloads    map[string]actionDownload // remote action repositories by clone URL and ref, fetched once per job
+	actionDownloads    map[string]*actionDownload // remote action repositories by clone URL and ref, fetched once per job
 
 	// summaryFileInitialized tracks which per-step summary files (workflow/step-summary-N.md)
 	// have already been created on the JobContainer. The runner sets up file-command files
@@ -166,8 +164,12 @@ func (rc *RunContext) markInterrupted(err error) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (rc *RunContext) AddMask(mask string) {
+// AddMask also hands the mask to the job logger's extra handler, which receives records unmasked.
+func (rc *RunContext) AddMask(ctx context.Context, mask string) {
 	rc.Masks = append(rc.Masks, mask)
+	if masker, ok := common.LoggerHandler(ctx).(interface{ AddMask(string) }); ok {
+		masker.AddMask(mask)
+	}
 }
 
 func (rc *RunContext) String() string {
@@ -227,8 +229,7 @@ func (rc *RunContext) networkNameForGitea() (string, bool) {
 }
 
 func getDockerDaemonSocketMountPath(daemonPath string) string {
-	if before, after, ok := strings.Cut(daemonPath, "://"); ok {
+	if scheme, after, ok := strings.Cut(daemonPath, "://"); ok {
-		scheme := before
 		switch {
 		case strings.EqualFold(scheme, "npipe"):
 			// linux container mount on windows, use the default socket path of the VM / wsl2
@@ -249,10 +250,7 @@ func getDockerDaemonSocketMountPath(daemonPath string) string {
 // without mutating the shared Config. Parallel jobs in a plan share one *Config, so a job
 // must never write to it.
 func (rc *RunContext) containerDaemonSocket() string {
-	if rc.Config.ContainerDaemonSocket == "" {
+	return cmp.Or(rc.Config.ContainerDaemonSocket, "/var/run/docker.sock")
-		return "/var/run/docker.sock"
-	}
-	return rc.Config.ContainerDaemonSocket
 }
 
 const sharedToolCacheVolume = "act-toolcache" // mounted only when the tool cache is shared
@@ -302,10 +300,7 @@ func (rc *RunContext) startDockerProxy(ctx context.Context) {
 
 // toolCache returns the tool cache path the job sees, relocatable through RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE.
 func (rc *RunContext) toolCache(fallback string) string {
-	if path := rc.GetEnv()["RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"]; path != "" {
+	return cmp.Or(rc.GetEnv()["RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE"], fallback)
-		return path
-	}
-	return fallback
 }
 
 // runnerEnv returns a container's RUNNER_* variables, derived from the values runner.tool_cache
@@ -332,13 +327,13 @@ func splitVolumes(specs []string) ([]string, map[string]string, map[string]bool)
 	targets := map[string]bool{}
 
 	for _, spec := range specs {
-		parsed, err := loader.ParseVolume(spec)
+		parsed, err := container.ParseVolume(spec)
 		if err != nil {
 			binds = append(binds, spec) // unclassifiable, sanitizeConfig warns and drops it
 			continue
 		}
 		targets[parsed.Target] = true
-		if parsed.Type == string(mount.TypeVolume) && parsed.Source != "" && !parsed.ReadOnly {
+		if parsed.Type == mount.TypeVolume && parsed.Source != "" && !parsed.ReadOnly {
 			mounts[parsed.Source] = parsed.Target
 		} else {
 			binds = append(binds, spec)
@@ -379,7 +374,7 @@ func (rc *RunContext) GetBindsAndMounts(ctx context.Context) ([]string, map[stri
 			if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
 				bindModifiers = ":delegated"
 			}
-			if selinux.GetEnabled() {
+			if selinuxEnabled() {
 				bindModifiers = ":z"
 			}
 			binds = append(binds, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s%s", source, target, bindModifiers))
@@ -549,10 +544,7 @@ func (rc *RunContext) startJobContainer() common.Executor {
 		rc.Env["JOB_CONTAINER_NAME"] = name
 		delete(rc.jobEnv, "JOB_CONTAINER_NAME") // the runtime name wins over a workflow env of the same name
 
-		envList := make([]string, 0)
+		envList := append(rc.runnerEnv(ctx), "LANG=C.UTF-8") // Use same locale as GitHub Actions
-
-		envList = append(envList, rc.runnerEnv(ctx)...)
-		envList = append(envList, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", "LANG", "C.UTF-8")) // Use same locale as GitHub Actions
 
 		// specify the network to which the container will connect when `docker create` stage. (like execute command line: docker create --network <networkName> <image>)
 		// if using service containers, will create a new network for the containers.
@@ -569,12 +561,8 @@ func (rc *RunContext) startJobContainer() common.Executor {
 			rc.serviceContainers = append(rc.serviceContainers, &serviceContainer{name: serviceID, image: input.Image, container: newContainer(input)})
 		}
 
-		// For Gitea, `jobContainerNetwork` should be the same as `networkName`
-		jobContainerNetwork := networkName
-
 		ext := container.LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions{}
 		containerInput := &container.NewContainerInput{
-			Cmd:             nil,
 			Entrypoint:      []string{"sleep", strconv.FormatInt(int64(rc.Config.ContainerMaxLifetime.Round(time.Second).Seconds()), 10)},
 			WorkingDir:      ext.ToContainerPath(rc.Config.Workdir),
 			Image:           image,
@@ -582,7 +570,7 @@ func (rc *RunContext) startJobContainer() common.Executor {
 			Password:        password,
 			Name:            name,
 			Env:             envList,
-			NetworkMode:     jobContainerNetwork,
+			NetworkMode:     networkName,
 			NetworkAliases:  []string{rc.Name},
 			Stdout:          logWriter,
 			Stderr:          logWriter,
@@ -674,7 +662,7 @@ func (rc *RunContext) jobServices(ctx context.Context, networkName string) (map[
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse service %s ports: %w", serviceID, err)
 		}
 
-		serviceLog := common.NewLineWriter(rawLogLine(ctx)) // raw, so a service's output cannot set the job's env, outputs or state
+		serviceLog := common.NewLineWriter(rc.serviceCommandHandler(ctx), rawLogLine(ctx))
 		inputs[serviceID] = &container.NewContainerInput{
 			Name:            createContainerName(rc.jobContainerName(), serviceID),
 			Image:           spec.Image,
@@ -707,6 +695,15 @@ func (rc *RunContext) commandLogWriter(ctx context.Context) io.Writer {
 	return common.NewLineWriter(rc.commandHandler(ctx), rawLogLine(ctx))
 }
 
+// withCommandLogWriter runs executor with a command handler of its own on the job environment's output.
+func (rc *RunContext) withCommandLogWriter(ctx context.Context, executor common.Executor) error {
+	logWriter := rc.commandLogWriter(ctx)
+	oldout, olderr := rc.JobContainer.ReplaceLogWriter(logWriter, logWriter)
+	defer rc.JobContainer.ReplaceLogWriter(oldout, olderr)
+	defer common.FlushWriter(logWriter) // the last line of output may lack its newline
+	return executor(ctx)
+}
+
 func rawLogLine(ctx context.Context) common.LineHandler {
 	rawLogger := common.Logger(ctx).With(rawOutputField, true)
 	return func(line string) bool {
@@ -821,9 +818,7 @@ func (rc *RunContext) ApplyExtraPath(ctx context.Context, env *map[string]string
 			cenv := map[string]string{}
 			var cpath string
 			if err := rc.JobContainer.UpdateFromImageEnv(&cenv)(ctx); err == nil {
-				if p, ok := cenv[path]; ok {
+				cpath = cenv[path]
-					cpath = p
-				}
 			}
 			if len(cpath) == 0 {
 				cpath = rc.JobContainer.DefaultPathVariable()
@@ -855,7 +850,7 @@ func (rc *RunContext) UpdateExtraPath(ctx context.Context, githubEnvPath string)
 	for s.Scan() {
 		line := s.Text()
 		if len(line) > 0 {
-			rc.addPath(ctx, line)
+			rc.addPath(line)
 		}
 	}
 	if err := s.Err(); err != nil {
@@ -864,7 +859,7 @@ func (rc *RunContext) UpdateExtraPath(ctx context.Context, githubEnvPath string)
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (rc *RunContext) stopJobContainer() common.Executor {
+func (rc *RunContext) stopContainer() common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		if rc.cleanUpJobContainer != nil {
 			return rc.cleanUpJobContainer(ctx)
@@ -924,7 +919,7 @@ func (rc *RunContext) stopServiceContainers() common.Executor {
 
 const defaultServiceReadyTimeout = 5 * time.Minute
 
-const serviceReadyPollInterval = time.Second
+const serviceReadyPollInterval = 250 * time.Millisecond
 
 // reportUnstartedServices logs a service that did not start. The steps that need it
 // report it better than the runner can, so the job carries on.
@@ -1107,9 +1102,8 @@ func (rc *RunContext) ActionCacheDir() string {
 	if rc.Config.ActionCacheDir != "" {
 		return rc.Config.ActionCacheDir
 	}
-	var xdgCache string
+	xdgCache := os.Getenv("XDG_CACHE_HOME")
-	var ok bool
+	if xdgCache == "" {
-	if xdgCache, ok = os.LookupEnv("XDG_CACHE_HOME"); !ok || xdgCache == "" {
 		if home, err := os.UserHomeDir(); err == nil {
 			xdgCache = filepath.Join(home, ".cache")
 		} else if xdgCache, err = filepath.Abs("."); err != nil {
@@ -1181,10 +1175,6 @@ func (rc *RunContext) IsHostEnv() bool {
 	return rc.containerSpec.Image == "" && strings.EqualFold(rc.platformImage, "-self-hosted")
 }
 
-func (rc *RunContext) stopContainer() common.Executor {
-	return rc.stopJobContainer()
-}
-
 func (rc *RunContext) closeContainer() common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		if rc.JobContainer != nil {
@@ -1406,29 +1396,20 @@ func mergeMaps(maps ...map[string]string) map[string]string {
 	return rtnMap
 }
 
+var containerNamePattern = regexp.MustCompile("[^a-zA-Z0-9]")
+
 func createContainerName(parts ...string) string {
 	name := strings.Join(parts, "-")
-	pattern := regexp.MustCompile("[^a-zA-Z0-9]")
+	name = containerNamePattern.ReplaceAllString(name, "-")
-	name = pattern.ReplaceAllString(name, "-")
 	name = strings.ReplaceAll(name, "--", "-")
 	hash := sha256.Sum256([]byte(name))
 
 	// SHA256 is 64 hex characters. So trim name to 63 characters to make room for the hash and separator
-	trimmedName := strings.Trim(trimToLen(name, 63), "-")
+	trimmedName := strings.Trim(name[:min(len(name), 63)], "-")
 
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%x", trimmedName, hash)
 }
 
-func trimToLen(s string, l int) string {
-	if l < 0 {
-		l = 0
-	}
-	if len(s) > l {
-		return s[:l]
-	}
-	return s
-}
-
 // ownStatus is the result of this context's own steps, which for a composite action is its action status
 func (rc *RunContext) ownStatus() string {
 	if rc.jobFailed {
@@ -1473,10 +1454,6 @@ func (rc *RunContext) getJobContext() *model.JobContext {
 	return jobContext
 }
 
-func (rc *RunContext) getStepsContext() map[string]*model.StepResult {
-	return rc.StepResults
-}
-
 // getRunnerContext returns the `runner` context: what the execution environment knows
 // (os, arch, temp, tool_cache) plus what only the runner process knows.
 func (rc *RunContext) getRunnerContext(ctx context.Context) map[string]any {
@@ -1510,9 +1487,9 @@ func (rc *RunContext) getGithubContext(ctx context.Context) *model.GithubContext
 	ghc := &model.GithubContext{
 		Event:            make(map[string]any),
 		Workflow:         rc.Run.Workflow.Name,
-		RunID:            rc.Config.Env["GITHUB_RUN_ID"],
+		RunID:            cmp.Or(rc.Config.Env["GITHUB_RUN_ID"], "1"),
-		RunNumber:        rc.Config.Env["GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER"],
+		RunNumber:        cmp.Or(rc.Config.Env["GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER"], "1"),
-		Actor:            rc.Config.Actor,
+		Actor:            cmp.Or(rc.Config.Actor, "nektos/act"), // for configs that require a default rather than being run as a cmd
 		EventName:        rc.Config.EventName,
 		Action:           rc.CurrentStep,
 		Token:            rc.Config.Token,
@@ -1521,8 +1498,8 @@ func (rc *RunContext) getGithubContext(ctx context.Context) *model.GithubContext
 		ActionRepository: rc.Env["GITHUB_ACTION_REPOSITORY"],
 		ActionRef:        rc.Env["GITHUB_ACTION_REF"],
 		RepositoryOwner:  rc.Config.Env["GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER"],
-		RetentionDays:    rc.Config.Env["GITHUB_RETENTION_DAYS"],
+		RetentionDays:    cmp.Or(rc.Config.Env["GITHUB_RETENTION_DAYS"], "0"),
-		RunnerPerflog:    rc.Config.Env["RUNNER_PERFLOG"],
+		RunnerPerflog:    cmp.Or(rc.Config.Env["RUNNER_PERFLOG"], "/dev/null"),
 		RunnerTrackingID: rc.Config.Env["RUNNER_TRACKING_ID"],
 		Repository:       rc.Config.Env["GITHUB_REPOSITORY"],
 		Ref:              rc.Config.Env["GITHUB_REF"],
@@ -1537,40 +1514,16 @@ func (rc *RunContext) getGithubContext(ctx context.Context) *model.GithubContext
 		ghc.EventPath = rc.JobContainer.GetActPath() + "/workflow/event.json"
 	}
 
-	if ghc.RunID == "" {
+	if preset := rc.Config.PresetGitHubContext; preset != nil {
-		ghc.RunID = "1"
+		merged := *preset
-	}
+		merged.Workflow, merged.Job, merged.Workspace, merged.EventPath = ghc.Workflow, ghc.Job, ghc.Workspace, ghc.EventPath
+		merged.Action, merged.ActionPath, merged.ActionRepository, merged.ActionRef = ghc.Action, ghc.ActionPath, ghc.ActionRepository, ghc.ActionRef
+		merged.RunnerPerflog, merged.RunnerTrackingID = ghc.RunnerPerflog, ghc.RunnerTrackingID
+		*ghc = merged
 
-	if ghc.RunNumber == "" {
+		rc.setInstanceURLs(ghc)
-		ghc.RunNumber = "1"
+		ghc.GraphQLURL = "" // Gitea doesn't support graphql
-	}
+		return ghc
-
-	if ghc.RetentionDays == "" {
-		ghc.RetentionDays = "0"
-	}
-
-	if ghc.RunnerPerflog == "" {
-		ghc.RunnerPerflog = "/dev/null"
-	}
-
-	// Backwards compatibility for configs that require
-	// a default rather than being run as a cmd
-	if ghc.Actor == "" {
-		ghc.Actor = "nektos/act"
-	}
-
-	{ // Adapt to Gitea
-		if preset := rc.Config.PresetGitHubContext; preset != nil {
-			merged := *preset
-			merged.Workflow, merged.Job, merged.Workspace, merged.EventPath = ghc.Workflow, ghc.Job, ghc.Workspace, ghc.EventPath
-			merged.Action, merged.ActionPath, merged.ActionRepository, merged.ActionRef = ghc.Action, ghc.ActionPath, ghc.ActionRepository, ghc.ActionRef
-			merged.RunnerPerflog, merged.RunnerTrackingID = ghc.RunnerPerflog, ghc.RunnerTrackingID
-			*ghc = merged
-
-			rc.setInstanceURLs(ghc)
-			ghc.GraphQLURL = "" // Gitea doesn't support graphql
-			return ghc
-		}
 	}
 
 	if rc.EventJSON != "" {
@@ -1623,10 +1576,6 @@ func withHTTPS(u string) string {
 }
 
 func isLocalCheckout(ghc *model.GithubContext, step *model.Step) bool {
-	if step.Type() == model.StepTypeInvalid {
-		// This will be errored out by the executor later, we need this here to avoid a null panic though
-		return false
-	}
 	if step.Type() != model.StepTypeUsesActionRemote {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -1691,7 +1640,8 @@ func (rc *RunContext) withGithubEnv(ctx context.Context, github *model.GithubCon
 	}
 
 	if rc.Config.ArtifactServerPath != "" {
-		setActionRuntimeVars(rc, env)
+		env["ACTIONS_RUNTIME_URL"] = cmp.Or(os.Getenv("ACTIONS_RUNTIME_URL"), "http://"+net.JoinHostPort(rc.Config.ArtifactServerAddr, rc.Config.ArtifactServerPort)+"/")
+		env["ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN"] = cmp.Or(os.Getenv("ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN"), "token")
 	}
 
 	if imageOS := rc.imageOS(ctx); imageOS != "" {
@@ -1746,20 +1696,6 @@ func imageOSFromImage(image string) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-func setActionRuntimeVars(rc *RunContext, env map[string]string) {
-	actionsRuntimeURL := os.Getenv("ACTIONS_RUNTIME_URL")
-	if actionsRuntimeURL == "" {
-		actionsRuntimeURL = "http://" + net.JoinHostPort(rc.Config.ArtifactServerAddr, rc.Config.ArtifactServerPort) + "/"
-	}
-	env["ACTIONS_RUNTIME_URL"] = actionsRuntimeURL
-
-	actionsRuntimeToken := os.Getenv("ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN")
-	if actionsRuntimeToken == "" {
-		actionsRuntimeToken = "token"
-	}
-	env["ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN"] = actionsRuntimeToken
-}
-
 func registryCredentials(credentials map[string]string, prefix string) (string, string, error) {
 	if credentials == nil {
 		return "", "", nil

act/runner/run_context_test.go

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ import (
 
 	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/exprparser"
 	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/compose/loader"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/volume"
 	assert "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/mock"
@@ -41,13 +40,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestRunContext_EvalBool(t *testing.T) {
-	var yml yaml.Node
-	err := yml.Encode(map[string][]any{
-		"os":  {"Linux", "Windows"},
-		"foo": {"bar", "baz"},
-	})
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-
 	rc := &RunContext{
 		Config: &Config{
 			Workdir: ".",
@@ -62,26 +54,12 @@ func TestRunContext_EvalBool(t *testing.T) {
 			Workflow: &model.Workflow{
 				Name: "test-workflow",
 				Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{
-					"job1": {
+					"job1": {},
-						Strategy: &model.Strategy{
-							RawMatrix: yml,
-						},
-					},
 				},
 			},
 		},
-		Matrix: map[string]any{
-			"os":  "Linux",
-			"foo": "bar",
-		},
 		StepResults: map[string]*model.StepResult{
-			"id1": {
+			"id1": {Conclusion: model.StepStatusSuccess, Outcome: model.StepStatusFailure},
-				Conclusion: model.StepStatusSuccess,
-				Outcome:    model.StepStatusFailure,
-				Outputs: map[string]string{
-					"foo": "bar",
-				},
-			},
 		},
 	}
 	rc.ExprEval = rc.NewExpressionEvaluator(t.Context())
@@ -91,21 +69,12 @@ func TestRunContext_EvalBool(t *testing.T) {
 		out     bool
 		wantErr bool
 	}{
-		// The basic ones
 		{in: "failure()", out: false},
 		{in: "success()", out: true},
 		{in: "cancelled()", out: false},
 		{in: "always()", out: true},
-		// TODO: move to sc.NewExpressionEvaluator(), because "steps" context is not available here
-		// {in: "steps.id1.conclusion == 'success'", out: true},
-		// {in: "steps.id1.conclusion != 'success'", out: false},
-		// {in: "steps.id1.outcome == 'failure'", out: true},
-		// {in: "steps.id1.outcome != 'failure'", out: false},
 		{in: "true", out: true},
 		{in: "false", out: false},
-		// TODO: This does not throw an error, because the evaluator does not know if the expression is inside ${{ }} or not
-		// {in: "!true", wantErr: true},
-		// {in: "!false", wantErr: true},
 		{in: "1 != 0", out: true},
 		{in: "1 != 1", out: false},
 		{in: "${{ 1 != 0 }}", out: true},
@@ -114,32 +83,24 @@ func TestRunContext_EvalBool(t *testing.T) {
 		{in: "1 == 1", out: true},
 		{in: "1 > 2", out: false},
 		{in: "1 < 2", out: true},
-		// And or
 		{in: "true && false", out: false},
 		{in: "true && 1 < 2", out: true},
 		{in: "false || 1 < 2", out: true},
 		{in: "false || false", out: false},
-		// None boolable
 		{in: "env.UNKNOWN == 'true'", out: false},
 		{in: "env.UNKNOWN", out: false},
-		// Inline expressions
 		{in: "env.SOME_TEXT", out: true},
 		{in: "env.SOME_TEXT == 'text'", out: true},
 		{in: "env.SOMETHING_TRUE == 'true'", out: true},
 		{in: "env.SOMETHING_FALSE == 'true'", out: false},
 		{in: "env.SOMETHING_TRUE", out: true},
 		{in: "env.SOMETHING_FALSE", out: true},
-		// TODO: This does not throw an error, because the evaluator does not know if the expression is inside ${{ }} or not
-		// {in: "!env.SOMETHING_TRUE", wantErr: true},
-		// {in: "!env.SOMETHING_FALSE", wantErr: true},
 		{in: "${{ !env.SOMETHING_TRUE }}", out: false},
 		{in: "${{ !env.SOMETHING_FALSE }}", out: false},
 		{in: "${{ ! env.SOMETHING_TRUE }}", out: false},
 		{in: "${{ ! env.SOMETHING_FALSE }}", out: false},
 		{in: "${{ env.SOMETHING_TRUE }}", out: true},
 		{in: "${{ env.SOMETHING_FALSE }}", out: true},
-		{in: "${{ !env.SOMETHING_TRUE }}", out: false},
-		{in: "${{ !env.SOMETHING_FALSE }}", out: false},
 		{in: "${{ !env.SOMETHING_TRUE && true }}", out: false},
 		{in: "${{ !env.SOMETHING_FALSE && true }}", out: false},
 		{in: "${{ !env.SOMETHING_TRUE || true }}", out: true},
@@ -147,14 +108,11 @@ func TestRunContext_EvalBool(t *testing.T) {
 		{in: "${{ env.SOMETHING_TRUE && true }}", out: true},
 		{in: "${{ env.SOMETHING_FALSE || true }}", out: true},
 		{in: "${{ env.SOMETHING_FALSE || false }}", out: true},
-		// TODO: This does not throw an error, because the evaluator does not know if the expression is inside ${{ }} or not
-		// {in: "!env.SOMETHING_TRUE || true", wantErr: true},
 		{in: "${{ env.SOMETHING_TRUE == 'true'}}", out: true},
 		{in: "${{ env.SOMETHING_FALSE == 'true'}}", out: false},
 		{in: "${{ env.SOMETHING_FALSE == 'false'}}", out: true},
 		{in: "${{ env.SOMETHING_FALSE }} && ${{ env.SOMETHING_TRUE }}", out: true},
 
-		// All together now
 		{in: "false || env.SOMETHING_TRUE == 'true'", out: true},
 		{in: "true || env.SOMETHING_FALSE == 'true'", out: true},
 		{in: "true && env.SOMETHING_TRUE == 'true'", out: true},
@@ -163,33 +121,26 @@ func TestRunContext_EvalBool(t *testing.T) {
 		{in: "env.SOMETHING_FALSE == 'true' && true", out: false},
 		{in: "${{ env.SOMETHING_FALSE == 'true' }} && true", out: true},
 		{in: "true && ${{ env.SOMETHING_FALSE == 'true' }}", out: true},
-		// Check github context
 		{in: "github.actor == 'nektos/act'", out: true},
 		{in: "github.actor == 'unknown'", out: false},
 		{in: "github.job == 'job1'", out: true},
-		// The special ACT flag
 		{in: "${{ env.ACT }}", out: true},
 		{in: "${{ !env.ACT }}", out: false},
-		// Invalid expressions should be reported
 		{in: "INVALID_EXPRESSION", wantErr: true},
 	}
 
 	for _, table := range tables {
 		t.Run(table.in, func(t *testing.T) {
-			assertObject := assert.New(t)
 			b, err := EvalBool(t.Context(), rc.ExprEval, table.in, exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckSuccess)
 			if table.wantErr {
-				assertObject.Error(err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+				require.Error(t, err)
 			}
 
-			assertObject.Equal(table.out, b, fmt.Sprintf("Expected %s to be %v, was %v", table.in, table.out, b)) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+			assert.Equal(t, table.out, b)
 		})
 	}
 }
 
-// fakeContainer turns every container operation into a no-op, so startJobContainer
-// runs without a Docker daemon. The embedded interface is nil, so any method the
-// test does not exercise panics rather than silently doing the wrong thing.
 type fakeContainer struct {
 	container.ExecutionsEnvironment
 }
@@ -245,7 +196,7 @@ func startJobContainerInputs(t *testing.T, workflowYAML string, cfg *Config) []*
 	t.Cleanup(func() { newContainer = origNewContainer })
 
 	cfg.Workdir = "/tmp"
-	cfg.ContainerNetworkMode = "host" // an explicit network mode creates no network
+	cfg.ContainerNetworkMode = "host"
 	cfg.Env = map[string]string{}
 	cfg.Secrets = map[string]string{}
 
@@ -274,6 +225,8 @@ func startJobContainerInputs(t *testing.T, workflowYAML string, cfg *Config) []*
 			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
 		case strings.HasSuffix(r.URL.Path, "/info"):
 			_, _ = io.WriteString(w, `{"Architecture":"amd64","OSType":"linux"}`)
+		case strings.Contains(r.URL.Path, "/containers/") && strings.HasSuffix(r.URL.Path, "/json"):
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
 		default:
 			t.Errorf("unexpected Docker request: %s %s", r.Method, r.URL)
 			http.NotFound(w, r)
@@ -286,8 +239,6 @@ func startJobContainerInputs(t *testing.T, workflowYAML string, cfg *Config) []*
 	return inputs
 }
 
-// Regression test: a service without a `credentials:` block resolves to empty
-// credentials, which used to overwrite the job container's own credentials.
 func TestStartJobContainerKeepsJobCredentialsWithServices(t *testing.T) {
 	inputs := startJobContainerInputs(t, `
 name: test
@@ -316,9 +267,7 @@ jobs:
 		credentials[in.Image] = [2]string{in.Username, in.Password}
 	}
 
-	// the job container keeps its own credentials, whichever services exist
 	require.Equal(t, [2]string{"job-user", "job-password"}, credentials["registry.example/private:latest"])
-	// each service keeps its own, and a service without credentials gets none
 	require.Equal(t, [2]string{"db-user", "db-password"}, credentials["postgres:latest"])
 	require.Equal(t, [2]string{"", ""}, credentials["redis:latest"])
 }
@@ -334,10 +283,10 @@ jobs:
           - data:/data
 `, &Config{ValidVolumes: []string{"data"}})[0]
 
-	require.Equal(t, "redis:latest", redis.Image) // services are built before the job container
+	require.Equal(t, "redis:latest", redis.Image)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"data"}, redis.ValidVolumes)
 	require.Equal(t, map[string]string{"data": "/data"}, redis.Mounts)
-	require.Empty(t, redis.Binds) // the docker socket is the job container's alone
+	require.Empty(t, redis.Binds)
 	require.Empty(t, redis.WorkingDir)
 	require.Nil(t, redis.Entrypoint)
 	require.Nil(t, redis.Cmd)
@@ -387,8 +336,6 @@ jobs:
 	require.Equal(t, "--volumes-from "+job.Name, redis.WorkflowOptions)
 }
 
-// Only the workflow's options may be stripped later, so the two sources have to reach the
-// container apart from each other.
 func TestStartJobContainerKeepsRunnerOptionsApartFromWorkflowOptions(t *testing.T) {
 	inputs := startJobContainerInputs(t, `
 name: test
@@ -412,12 +359,9 @@ jobs:
 	}
 
 	require.Equal(t, [2]string{"--device /dev/fuse", "--cap-add SYS_PTRACE"}, options["registry.example/job:latest"])
-	// a service container gets no options from the runner's config today
 	require.Equal(t, [2]string{"", "--shm-size 1g"}, options["redis:latest"])
 }
 
-// A service container reaches the internet the same way the job does, so it inherits the
-// job's proxy; a service that sets the variable itself keeps its own value.
 func TestStartJobContainerGivesServicesTheJobProxy(t *testing.T) {
 	inputs := startJobContainerInputs(t, `
 name: test
@@ -441,14 +385,11 @@ jobs:
 
 	require.Contains(t, redis.Env, "http_proxy=http://proxy:3128")
 	require.Contains(t, redis.Env, "no_proxy=internal.example")
-	// the service's own env wins over what the runner injected, without dropping the rest
 	require.Contains(t, db.Env, "no_proxy=db-only.example")
 	require.NotContains(t, db.Env, "no_proxy=internal.example")
 	require.Contains(t, db.Env, "http_proxy=http://proxy:3128")
 }
 
-// act builds Dockerfile actions through the API, which does not pre-populate the proxy
-// build args the docker CLI would, so the RUN steps would have no network behind a proxy.
 func TestProxyBuildArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	rc := &RunContext{Config: &Config{ProxyEnv: map[string]string{"http_proxy": "http://proxy:3128"}}}
 
@@ -457,69 +398,56 @@ func TestProxyBuildArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Len(t, args, 1)
 	require.Equal(t, "http://proxy:3128", *args["http_proxy"])
 
-	// a job without a proxy builds exactly as it does today
 	require.Nil(t, (&RunContext{Config: &Config{}}).proxyBuildArgs())
 }
 
 func TestRunContext_GetBindsAndMounts(t *testing.T) {
-	rctemplate := &RunContext{
+	newRunContext := func(config *Config) *RunContext {
-		Name: "TestRCName",
+		return &RunContext{
-		Run: &model.Run{
+			Name: "TestRCName",
-			Workflow: &model.Workflow{
+			Run: &model.Run{
-				Name: "TestWorkflowName",
+				Workflow: &model.Workflow{Name: "TestWorkflowName"},
 			},
-		},
+			Config: config,
-		Config: &Config{
+		}
-			BindWorkdir: false,
-		},
 	}
+	rctemplate := newRunContext(&Config{})
 
 	tests := []struct {
 		windowsPath bool
-		name        string
+		name, want  string
-		rc          *RunContext
-		wantbind    string
-		wantmount   string
 	}{
-		{false, "/mnt/linux", rctemplate, "/mnt/linux", "/mnt/linux"},
+		{false, "/mnt/linux", "/mnt/linux"},
-		{false, "/mnt/path with spaces/linux", rctemplate, "/mnt/path with spaces/linux", "/mnt/path with spaces/linux"},
+		{false, "/mnt/path with spaces/linux", "/mnt/path with spaces/linux"},
-		{true, "C:\\Users\\TestPath\\MyTestPath", rctemplate, "/mnt/c/Users/TestPath/MyTestPath", "/mnt/c/Users/TestPath/MyTestPath"},
+		{true, `C:\Users\TestPath\MyTestPath`, "/mnt/c/Users/TestPath/MyTestPath"},
-		{true, "C:\\Users\\Test Path with Spaces\\MyTestPath", rctemplate, "/mnt/c/Users/Test Path with Spaces/MyTestPath", "/mnt/c/Users/Test Path with Spaces/MyTestPath"},
+		{true, `C:\Users\Test Path with Spaces\MyTestPath`, "/mnt/c/Users/Test Path with Spaces/MyTestPath"},
-		{true, "/LinuxPathOnWindowsShouldFail", rctemplate, "", ""},
+		{true, "/LinuxPathOnWindowsShouldFail", ""},
 	}
 
-	isWindows := runtime.GOOS == "windows"
-
 	for _, testcase := range tests {
-		// pin for scopelint
+		if (runtime.GOOS == "windows") != testcase.windowsPath {
+			continue
+		}
 		for _, bindWorkDir := range []bool{true, false} {
-			// pin for scopelint
 			testBindSuffix := ""
 			if bindWorkDir {
 				testBindSuffix = "Bind"
 			}
+			t.Run(testcase.name+testBindSuffix, func(t *testing.T) {
+				rctemplate.Config.Workdir = testcase.name
+				rctemplate.Config.BindWorkdir = bindWorkDir
+				gotbind, gotmount := rctemplate.GetBindsAndMounts(t.Context())
 
-			// Only run windows path tests on windows and non-windows on non-windows
+				if bindWorkDir {
-			if (isWindows && testcase.windowsPath) || (!isWindows && !testcase.windowsPath) {
+					fullBind := testcase.name + ":" + testcase.want
-				t.Run((testcase.name + testBindSuffix), func(t *testing.T) {
+					if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
-					config := testcase.rc.Config
+						fullBind += ":delegated"
-					config.Workdir = testcase.name
-					config.BindWorkdir = bindWorkDir
-					gotbind, gotmount := rctemplate.GetBindsAndMounts(t.Context())
-
-					// Name binds/mounts are either/or
-					if config.BindWorkdir {
-						fullBind := testcase.name + ":" + testcase.wantbind
-						if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
-							fullBind += ":delegated"
-						}
-						assert.Contains(t, gotbind, fullBind)
-					} else {
-						mountkey := testcase.rc.jobContainerName()
-						assert.EqualValues(t, testcase.wantmount, gotmount[mountkey]) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 					}
-				})
+					assert.Contains(t, gotbind, fullBind)
-			}
+				} else {
+					assert.Equal(t, testcase.want, gotmount[rctemplate.jobContainerName()])
+				}
+			})
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -547,21 +475,12 @@ func TestRunContext_GetBindsAndMounts(t *testing.T) {
 			})
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			rc := &RunContext{
+			rc := newRunContext(&Config{
-				Name: "TestRCName",
+				ValidVolumes: []string{"**"},
-				Run: &model.Run{
+				Secrets: map[string]string{
-					Workflow: &model.Workflow{
+					"MAME": "/host/mame/roms",
-						Name: "TestWorkflowName",
-					},
 				},
-				Config: &Config{
+			})
-					BindWorkdir:  false,
-					ValidVolumes: []string{"**"},
-					Secrets: map[string]string{
-						"MAME": "/host/mame/roms",
-					},
-				},
-			}
 			rc.Run.JobID = "job1"
 			rc.Run.Workflow.Jobs = map[string]*model.Job{"job1": job}
 			rc.ExprEval = rc.NewExpressionEvaluator(t.Context())
@@ -575,20 +494,11 @@ func TestRunContext_GetBindsAndMounts(t *testing.T) {
 
 		for _, testcase := range tests {
 			t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-				rc := &RunContext{
+				rc := newRunContext(&Config{
-					Name: "TestRCName",
+					SharedToolCache: true,
-					Run: &model.Run{
+					ValidVolumes:    []string{"**"},
-						Workflow: &model.Workflow{
+				})
-							Name: "TestWorkflowName",
+				rc.containerSpec.Volumes = testcase.volumes
-						},
-					},
-					Config: &Config{
-						BindWorkdir:     false,
-						SharedToolCache: true, // so OverridesToolCache has a mount to displace
-						ValidVolumes:    []string{"**"},
-					},
-					containerSpec: model.ContainerSpec{Volumes: testcase.volumes},
-				}
 				rc.Run.JobID = "job1"
 
 				gotbind, gotmount := rc.GetBindsAndMounts(t.Context())
@@ -602,11 +512,9 @@ func TestRunContext_GetBindsAndMounts(t *testing.T) {
 					assert.Equal(t, gotmount[k], v)
 				}
 
-				// Docker rejects a container with two mounts on one target, so the job's own
-				// volumes must displace the runner's rather than pile up next to them.
 				targets := map[string]bool{}
 				for _, bind := range gotbind {
-					parsed, err := loader.ParseVolume(bind)
+					parsed, err := container.ParseVolume(bind)
 					require.NoError(t, err)
 					assert.NotContains(t, targets, parsed.Target, "%s mounts an already mounted target", bind)
 					targets[parsed.Target] = true
@@ -620,11 +528,7 @@ func TestRunContext_GetBindsAndMounts(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("ToolCacheMount", func(t *testing.T) {
-		rc := &RunContext{
+		rc := newRunContext(&Config{})
-			Name:   "TestRCName",
-			Run:    &model.Run{Workflow: &model.Workflow{Name: "TestWorkflowName"}},
-			Config: &Config{},
-		}
 
 		_, gotmount := rc.GetBindsAndMounts(t.Context())
 		assert.NotContains(t, gotmount, sharedToolCacheVolume)
@@ -667,15 +571,11 @@ func TestRunContextValidVolumes(t *testing.T) {
 
 	got := rc.validVolumes()
 
-	// the configured volumes plus the ones the runner mounts automatically
 	assert.Subset(t, got, []string{"my-vol", "/host/path", sharedToolCacheVolume, name, name + "-env", "/var/run/docker.sock"})
 
-	// deriving the list must never mutate or grow the shared Config slice: parallel matrix
-	// combinations share one *Config, and the previous in-place append was a data race.
 	assert.Equal(t, []string{"my-vol", "/host/path"}, rc.Config.ValidVolumes)
 	assert.Len(t, rc.validVolumes(), len(got), "repeated calls must be stable, not accumulate")
 
-	// a job may mount it only while the runner does
 	rc.Config.SharedToolCache = false
 	assert.NotContains(t, rc.validVolumes(), sharedToolCacheVolume)
 
@@ -893,7 +793,6 @@ func TestInterpolateOutputsIsPerMatrixComboKeepingNeedsOutputs(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, map[string]string{"o": "from-gitea"}, needed.Outputs)
 }
 
-// A whole-value `outputs:` expression only reaches the typed field through DecodeRaw.
 func TestInterpolateOutputsFromExpression(t *testing.T) {
 	var rawOutputs yaml.Node
 	require.NoError(t, rawOutputs.Encode(`${{ fromJSON('{"o":"resolved"}') }}`))
@@ -911,7 +810,7 @@ func TestGetGitHubContext(t *testing.T) {
 	logging.SetLevel(logging.LevelDebug)
 
 	cwd, err := os.Getwd()
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	rc := &RunContext{
 		Config: &Config{
@@ -938,8 +837,6 @@ func TestGetGitHubContext(t *testing.T) {
 
 	ghc := rc.getGithubContext(t.Context())
 
-	logging.Debugf("%v", ghc)
-
 	actor := "nektos/act"
 	if a := os.Getenv("ACT_ACTOR"); a != "" {
 		actor = a
@@ -955,15 +852,15 @@ func TestGetGitHubContext(t *testing.T) {
 		owner = o
 	}
 
-	assert.Equal(t, ghc.RunID, "1")         //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(t, "1", ghc.RunID)
-	assert.Equal(t, ghc.RunNumber, "1")     //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(t, "1", ghc.RunNumber)
-	assert.Equal(t, ghc.RetentionDays, "0") //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(t, "0", ghc.RetentionDays)
-	assert.Equal(t, ghc.Actor, actor)
+	assert.Equal(t, actor, ghc.Actor)
-	assert.Equal(t, ghc.Repository, repo)
+	assert.Equal(t, repo, ghc.Repository)
-	assert.Equal(t, ghc.RepositoryOwner, owner)
+	assert.Equal(t, owner, ghc.RepositoryOwner)
-	assert.Equal(t, ghc.RunnerPerflog, "/dev/null") //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(t, "/dev/null", ghc.RunnerPerflog)
-	assert.Equal(t, ghc.Token, rc.Config.Secrets["GITHUB_TOKEN"])
+	assert.Equal(t, rc.Config.Secrets["GITHUB_TOKEN"], ghc.Token)
-	assert.Equal(t, ghc.Job, "job1") //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(t, "job1", ghc.Job)
 
 	rc.Config.PresetGitHubContext = &model.GithubContext{Actor: "preset-actor", TriggeringActor: "triggerer", Job: "preset-job"}
 	ghc = rc.getGithubContext(t.Context())
@@ -1069,229 +966,88 @@ func createJob(t *testing.T, input, result string) *model.Job {
 }
 
 func TestRunContextRunsOnPlatformNames(t *testing.T) {
-	logging.SetLevel(logging.LevelDebug)
+	for _, testcase := range []struct {
-	assertObject := assert.New(t)
+		job  string
-
+		want []string
-	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
-	})
-	assertObject.Equal([]string{"ubuntu-latest"}, rc.runsOnPlatformNames(t.Context()))
-
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ${{ 'ubuntu-latest' }}`, ""),
-	})
-	assertObject.Equal([]string{"ubuntu-latest"}, rc.runsOnPlatformNames(t.Context()))
-
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: [self-hosted, my-runner]`, ""),
-	})
-	assertObject.Equal([]string{"self-hosted", "my-runner"}, rc.runsOnPlatformNames(t.Context()))
-
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: [self-hosted, "${{ 'my-runner' }}"]`, ""),
-	})
-	assertObject.Equal([]string{"self-hosted", "my-runner"}, rc.runsOnPlatformNames(t.Context()))
-
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ${{ fromJSON('["ubuntu-latest"]') }}`, ""),
-	})
-	assertObject.Equal([]string{"ubuntu-latest"}, rc.runsOnPlatformNames(t.Context()))
-
-	// test missing / invalid runs-on
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `name: something`, ""),
-	})
-	assertObject.Equal([]string{}, rc.runsOnPlatformNames(t.Context()))
-
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on:
-  mapping: value`, ""),
-	})
-	assertObject.Equal([]string{}, rc.runsOnPlatformNames(t.Context()))
-
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ${{ invalid expression }}`, ""),
-	})
-	assertObject.Equal([]string{}, rc.runsOnPlatformNames(t.Context()))
-}
-
-func TestRunContextIsEnabled(t *testing.T) {
-	logging.SetLevel(logging.LevelDebug)
-	assertObject := assert.New(t)
-
-	// success()
-	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-env:
-  BROKEN: ${{ fromJSON('invalid') }}
-if: success()`, ""),
-	})
-	assertObject.True(rc.isEnabled(t.Context()))
-	require.Error(t, evaluateJobEnvAndDefaults(t.Context(), rc))
-
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, "failure"),
-		"job2": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-needs: [job1]
-if: success()`, ""),
-	})
-	rc.Run.JobID = "job2"
-	assertObject.False(rc.isEnabled(t.Context()))
-
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, "success"),
-		"job2": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-needs: [job1]
-if: success()`, ""),
-	})
-	rc.Run.JobID = "job2"
-	assertObject.True(rc.isEnabled(t.Context()))
-
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, "failure"),
-		"job2": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-if: success()`, ""),
-	})
-	rc.Run.JobID = "job2"
-	assertObject.True(rc.isEnabled(t.Context()))
-
-	// failure()
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-if: failure()`, ""),
-	})
-	assertObject.False(rc.isEnabled(t.Context()))
-
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, "failure"),
-		"job2": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-needs: [job1]
-if: failure()`, ""),
-	})
-	rc.Run.JobID = "job2"
-	assertObject.True(rc.isEnabled(t.Context()))
-
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, "success"),
-		"job2": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-needs: [job1]
-if: failure()`, ""),
-	})
-	rc.Run.JobID = "job2"
-	assertObject.False(rc.isEnabled(t.Context()))
-
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, "failure"),
-		"job2": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-if: failure()`, ""),
-	})
-	rc.Run.JobID = "job2"
-	assertObject.False(rc.isEnabled(t.Context()))
-
-	// always()
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-if: always()`, ""),
-	})
-	assertObject.True(rc.isEnabled(t.Context()))
-
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, "failure"),
-		"job2": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-needs: [job1]
-if: always()`, ""),
-	})
-	rc.Run.JobID = "job2"
-	assertObject.True(rc.isEnabled(t.Context()))
-
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, "success"),
-		"job2": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-needs: [job1]
-if: always()`, ""),
-	})
-	rc.Run.JobID = "job2"
-	assertObject.True(rc.isEnabled(t.Context()))
-
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, "success"),
-		"job2": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-if: always()`, ""),
-	})
-	rc.Run.JobID = "job2"
-	assertObject.True(rc.isEnabled(t.Context()))
-
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable.yml`, ""),
-	})
-	assertObject.True(rc.isEnabled(t.Context()))
-
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable.yml
-if: false`, ""),
-	})
-	assertObject.False(rc.isEnabled(t.Context()))
-
-	rc = createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `if: ${{ fromJSON('not-json') }}`, ""),
-	})
-	enabled, err := rc.isEnabled(t.Context())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assertObject.False(enabled)
-}
-
-func TestRunContextGetEnv(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		description string
-		rc          *RunContext
-		targetEnv   string
-		want        string
 	}{
-		{
+		{"runs-on: ubuntu-latest", []string{"ubuntu-latest"}},
-			description: "Env from Config should overwrite",
+		{"runs-on: ${{ 'ubuntu-latest' }}", []string{"ubuntu-latest"}},
-			rc: &RunContext{
+		{"runs-on: [self-hosted, my-runner]", []string{"self-hosted", "my-runner"}},
-				Config: &Config{
+		{`runs-on: [self-hosted, "${{ 'my-runner' }}"]`, []string{"self-hosted", "my-runner"}},
-					Env: map[string]string{"OVERWRITTEN": "true"},
+		{`runs-on: ${{ fromJSON('["ubuntu-latest"]') }}`, []string{"ubuntu-latest"}},
-				},
+		{"name: something", []string{}},
+		{"runs-on: {mapping: value}", []string{}},
+		{"runs-on: ${{ invalid expression }}", []string{}},
+	} {
+		t.Run(testcase.job, func(t *testing.T) {
+			rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{"job1": createJob(t, testcase.job, "")})
+			assert.Equal(t, testcase.want, rc.runsOnPlatformNames(t.Context()))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunContextIsEnabled(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, testcase := range []struct {
+		name, job, neededResult string
+		want, envError          bool
+	}{
+		{name: "broken env fails at setup", job: "runs-on: ubuntu-latest\nenv:\n  BROKEN: ${{ fromJSON('invalid') }}\nif: success()", want: true, envError: true},
+		{name: "success with failed dependency", job: "runs-on: ubuntu-latest\nneeds: [needed]\nif: success()", neededResult: "failure"},
+		{name: "success with successful dependency", job: "runs-on: ubuntu-latest\nneeds: [needed]\nif: success()", neededResult: "success", want: true},
+		{name: "success with unrelated failed job", job: "runs-on: ubuntu-latest\nif: success()", neededResult: "failure", want: true},
+		{name: "failure without dependencies", job: "runs-on: ubuntu-latest\nif: failure()"},
+		{name: "failure with failed dependency", job: "runs-on: ubuntu-latest\nneeds: [needed]\nif: failure()", neededResult: "failure", want: true},
+		{name: "failure with successful dependency", job: "runs-on: ubuntu-latest\nneeds: [needed]\nif: failure()", neededResult: "success"},
+		{name: "failure with unrelated failed job", job: "runs-on: ubuntu-latest\nif: failure()", neededResult: "failure"},
+		{name: "always without dependencies", job: "runs-on: ubuntu-latest\nif: always()", want: true},
+		{name: "always with failed dependency", job: "runs-on: ubuntu-latest\nneeds: [needed]\nif: always()", neededResult: "failure", want: true},
+		{name: "always with successful dependency", job: "runs-on: ubuntu-latest\nneeds: [needed]\nif: always()", neededResult: "success", want: true},
+		{name: "always with unrelated successful job", job: "runs-on: ubuntu-latest\nif: always()", neededResult: "success", want: true},
+		{name: "reusable workflow", job: "uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable.yml", want: true},
+		{name: "disabled reusable workflow", job: "uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable.yml\nif: false"},
+		{name: "invalid condition", job: "if: ${{ fromJSON('not-json') }}"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			jobs := map[string]*model.Job{"job1": createJob(t, testcase.job, "")}
+			if testcase.neededResult != "" {
+				jobs["needed"] = createJob(t, "runs-on: ubuntu-latest", testcase.neededResult)
+			}
+			rc := createIfTestRunContext(jobs)
+			enabled, err := rc.isEnabled(t.Context())
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, testcase.want, enabled)
+			if testcase.envError {
+				require.Error(t, evaluateJobEnvAndDefaults(t.Context(), rc))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunContextGetEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, testcase := range []struct {
+		name string
+		env  map[string]string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"Env from Config should overwrite", map[string]string{"OVERWRITTEN": "true"}, "true"},
+		{"No overwrite occurs", map[string]string{"SOME_OTHER_VAR": "true"}, "false"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			rc := &RunContext{
+				Config: &Config{Env: testcase.env},
 				Run: &model.Run{
-					Workflow: &model.Workflow{
-						Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"test": {Name: "test"}},
-						Env:  map[string]string{"OVERWRITTEN": "false"},
-					},
 					JobID: "test",
-				},
-			},
-			targetEnv: "OVERWRITTEN",
-			want:      "true",
-		},
-		{
-			description: "No overwrite occurs",
-			rc: &RunContext{
-				Config: &Config{
-					Env: map[string]string{"SOME_OTHER_VAR": "true"},
-				},
-				Run: &model.Run{
 					Workflow: &model.Workflow{
-						Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"test": {Name: "test"}},
+						Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"test": {}},
 						Env:  map[string]string{"OVERWRITTEN": "false"},
 					},
-					JobID: "test",
 				},
-			},
+			}
-			targetEnv: "OVERWRITTEN",
+			assert.Equal(t, testcase.want, rc.GetEnv()["OVERWRITTEN"])
-			want:      "false",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(test.description, func(t *testing.T) {
-			envMap := test.rc.GetEnv()
-			assert.EqualValues(t, test.want, envMap[test.targetEnv]) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 		})
 	}
 }
 
-// a remote composite action re-evaluates its env per stage, so inputs must follow it
 func TestSetActionEnvRefreshesInputs(t *testing.T) {
 	rc := &RunContext{}
 	rc.setActionEnv(map[string]string{"INPUT_MSG": "pre"})
@@ -1433,7 +1189,7 @@ func TestRunContext_cleanupFailedStart(t *testing.T) {
 			slices.Sort(operations[:3])
 			slices.Sort(operations[len(operations)-4 : len(operations)-1])
 			assert.Equal(t, strings.Fields(want+" job.Remove service.Close service.Remove job.Close"), operations)
-			assert.Empty(t, rc.Masks)
+			assert.Equal(t, strings.Contains(want, "service.DumpLogs"), slices.Contains(rc.Masks, "leak"))
 			assert.Equal(t, testcase.pullError == nil && testcase.health != container.HealthUnhealthy, slices.ContainsFunc(hook.AllRecords(), func(entry logging.Record) bool {
 				return strings.HasPrefix(entry.Message, "::group::Print service container logs")
 			}))
@@ -1451,15 +1207,40 @@ func TestWaitForServiceContainers(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	t.Run("returns as soon as a service without a healthcheck runs", func(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, testcase := range []struct {
-		service := &containerMock{}
+		name, serviceName string
-		service.On("Inspect", mock.Anything).
+		timeout           time.Duration
-			Return(&container.Info{ID: "id", State: "running", Health: container.HealthNone}, nil).Once()
+		info              *container.Info
-
+		inspectError      error
-		rc := newRunContext(0, &serviceContainer{name: "redis", container: service})
+		wantError, wantID string
-		require.NoError(t, rc.waitForServiceContainers()(t.Context()))
+	}{
-		service.AssertExpectations(t)
+		{name: "returns as soon as a service without a healthcheck runs", serviceName: "redis", info: &container.Info{ID: "id", State: "running", Health: container.HealthNone}},
-	})
+		{name: "fails with the probe output when a service is unhealthy", serviceName: "postgres", info: &container.Info{State: "running", Health: container.HealthUnhealthy, HealthOutput: "connection refused"}, wantError: "the service 'postgres' is unhealthy: connection refused"},
+		{name: "lets the steps run when a service exits without a healthcheck", serviceName: "postgres", info: &container.Info{State: "exited", ExitCode: 2, Health: container.HealthNone}},
+		{name: "proceeds when the container is gone", serviceName: "postgres", inspectError: container.ErrContainerNotFound},
+		{name: "does not wait when the timeout is negative", serviceName: "postgres", timeout: -1, info: &container.Info{ID: "id", State: "running", Health: container.HealthStarting}, wantID: "id"},
+		{name: "fails on an inspect error even when the timeout is negative", serviceName: "postgres", timeout: -1, inspectError: errors.New("daemon is gone"), wantError: "failed to inspect service 'postgres'"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			service := &containerMock{}
+			service.On("Inspect", mock.Anything).Return(testcase.info, testcase.inspectError).Once()
+			if testcase.info != nil && testcase.info.Health == container.HealthUnhealthy {
+				service.On("DumpLogs", mock.Anything).Return(nil).Once()
+			}
+			svc := &serviceContainer{name: testcase.serviceName, container: service}
+			err := newRunContext(testcase.timeout, svc).waitForServiceContainers()(t.Context())
+			if testcase.wantError != "" {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), testcase.wantError)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+			if testcase.wantID != "" {
+				assert.Equal(t, testcase.wantID, svc.info.ID)
+			}
+			service.AssertExpectations(t)
+		})
+	}
 
 	t.Run("polls at a fixed interval and logs starting only once", func(t *testing.T) {
 		synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1476,46 +1257,12 @@ func TestWaitForServiceContainers(t *testing.T) {
 			var output bytes.Buffer
 			logger := logging.New(logging.NewLevelHandler(newJobLogHandler(&output, cyan), logging.LevelInfo))
 			require.NoError(t, newRunContext(0, &serviceContainer{name: "postgres", container: service}).waitForServiceContainers()(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger)))
-			assert.Equal(t, []time.Duration{0, time.Second, 2 * time.Second}, pollTimes)
+			assert.Equal(t, []time.Duration{0, serviceReadyPollInterval, 2 * serviceReadyPollInterval}, pollTimes)
 			assert.Equal(t, 1, strings.Count(output.String(), "postgres service is starting."))
 			assert.Contains(t, output.String(), "postgres service is healthy.")
 		})
 	})
 
-	t.Run("fails with the probe output when a service is unhealthy", func(t *testing.T) {
-		service := &containerMock{}
-		service.On("Inspect", mock.Anything).Return(&container.Info{
-			State:        "running",
-			Health:       container.HealthUnhealthy,
-			HealthOutput: "connection refused",
-		}, nil).Once()
-		service.On("DumpLogs", mock.Anything).Return(nil).Once()
-
-		rc := newRunContext(0, &serviceContainer{name: "postgres", container: service})
-		err := rc.waitForServiceContainers()(t.Context())
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "the service 'postgres' is unhealthy: connection refused")
-		service.AssertExpectations(t)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("lets the steps run when a service exits without a healthcheck", func(t *testing.T) {
-		service := &containerMock{}
-		service.On("Inspect", mock.Anything).
-			Return(&container.Info{State: "exited", ExitCode: 2, Health: container.HealthNone}, nil).Once()
-
-		rc := newRunContext(0, &serviceContainer{name: "postgres", container: service})
-		require.NoError(t, rc.waitForServiceContainers()(t.Context()))
-	})
-
-	t.Run("proceeds when the container is gone", func(t *testing.T) {
-		service := &containerMock{}
-		service.On("Inspect", mock.Anything).
-			Return((*container.Info)(nil), container.ErrContainerNotFound).Once()
-
-		rc := newRunContext(0, &serviceContainer{name: "postgres", container: service})
-		require.NoError(t, rc.waitForServiceContainers()(t.Context()))
-	})
-
 	t.Run("fails right away when one service fails while another is still starting", func(t *testing.T) {
 		failing := &containerMock{}
 		failing.On("Inspect", mock.Anything).
@@ -1564,29 +1311,6 @@ func TestWaitForServiceContainers(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "did not become healthy within")
 	})
 
-	t.Run("does not wait when the timeout is negative", func(t *testing.T) {
-		service := &containerMock{}
-		// Still described once, so the `job.services` context is filled either way.
-		service.On("Inspect", mock.Anything).
-			Return(&container.Info{ID: "id", State: "running", Health: container.HealthStarting}, nil).Once()
-
-		svc := &serviceContainer{name: "postgres", container: service}
-		rc := newRunContext(-1, svc)
-		require.NoError(t, rc.waitForServiceContainers()(t.Context()))
-		service.AssertExpectations(t)
-		assert.Equal(t, "id", svc.info.ID)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails on an inspect error even when the timeout is negative", func(t *testing.T) {
-		service := &containerMock{}
-		service.On("Inspect", mock.Anything).Return((*container.Info)(nil), errors.New("daemon is gone")).Once()
-
-		rc := newRunContext(-1, &serviceContainer{name: "postgres", container: service})
-		err := rc.waitForServiceContainers()(t.Context())
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "failed to inspect service 'postgres'")
-	})
-
 	t.Run("is a no-op without services", func(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, newRunContext(0).waitForServiceContainers()(t.Context()))
 	})
@@ -1615,9 +1339,7 @@ func TestGetJobContextReportsContainers(t *testing.T) {
 		jobContainerID: "job-container-id",
 		serviceContainers: []*serviceContainer{
 			{name: "postgres", info: &container.Info{ID: "svc-id", Ports: map[string]string{"5432": "49153"}}},
-			// A service that publishes no port reports an empty map, as GitHub does.
 			{name: "redis", info: &container.Info{ID: "redis-id", Ports: map[string]string{}}},
-			// A service that never reported is left out rather than reported as empty.
 			{name: "mailhog"},
 		},
 	}
@@ -1655,7 +1377,6 @@ func TestCaptureJobContainerInfoExportsDockerWorkspace(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NotContains(t, rc.Env, "GITEA_DOCKER_WORKSPACE")
 }
 
-// A job that never started a container reports an empty context, not a placeholder.
 func TestGetJobContextWithoutContainer(t *testing.T) {
 	jobContext := (&RunContext{}).getJobContext()
 

act/runner/runner.go

@@ -94,20 +94,14 @@ type Config struct {
 	JobCompletedHook                  string         // script run inside the job environment after the job's last step; ACTIONS_RUNNER_HOOK_JOB_COMPLETED is read from Env when empty
 }
 
-// RunnerDebug reports whether debug logging is on, exposed as `runner.debug` and
+// RunnerDebug reports whether debug logging is on, exposed as `runner.debug` and RUNNER_DEBUG.
-// RUNNER_DEBUG. Only the secret also makes the reporter keep ::debug:: output, the env
-// is accepted for `exec` and for runners configured with it.
 func (c Config) RunnerDebug() bool {
 	return c.Secrets["ACTIONS_STEP_DEBUG"] == "true" || c.Env["ACTIONS_STEP_DEBUG"] == "true"
 }
 
 // GetToken: Adapt to Gitea
 func (c Config) GetToken() string {
-	token := c.Secrets["GITHUB_TOKEN"]
+	return cmp.Or(c.Secrets["GITEA_TOKEN"], c.Secrets["GITHUB_TOKEN"])
-	if c.Secrets["GITEA_TOKEN"] != "" {
-		token = c.Secrets["GITEA_TOKEN"]
-	}
-	return token
 }
 
 // DefaultActionURL returns the host used for implicit remote actions.
@@ -187,8 +181,7 @@ func (runner *runnerImpl) NewPlanExecutor(plan *model.Plan) common.Executor {
 	stagePipeline := make([]common.Executor, 0)
 	logging.Debugf("Plan Stages: %v", plan.Stages)
 
-	for i := range plan.Stages {
+	for _, stage := range plan.Stages {
-		stage := plan.Stages[i]
 		stagePipeline = append(stagePipeline, func(ctx context.Context) error {
 			pipeline := make([]common.Executor, 0)
 			for _, run := range stage.Runs {
@@ -270,9 +263,7 @@ func (runner *runnerImpl) NewPlanExecutor(plan *model.Plan) common.Executor {
 					if len(matrixes) > 1 {
 						rc.Name = fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", rc.Name, i+1)
 					}
-					if len(rc.String()) > maxJobNameLen {
+					maxJobNameLen = max(maxJobNameLen, len(rc.String()))
-						maxJobNameLen = len(rc.String())
-					}
 					if rc.caller != nil { // For Gitea
 						rc.caller.setReusedWorkflowJobResult(rc.Run.JobID, "pending")
 					}
@@ -324,10 +315,7 @@ func (runner *runnerImpl) NewPlanExecutor(plan *model.Plan) common.Executor {
 				logging.Debugf("Using CPU count for parallelism: %d", parallelism)
 			}
 
-			// Don't exceed the number of pipeline elements
+			parallelism = min(parallelism, len(pipeline))
-			if parallelism > len(pipeline) {
-				parallelism = len(pipeline)
-			}
 
 			logging.Infof("Executing %d pipeline elements with parallelism %d", len(pipeline), parallelism)
 			return common.NewParallelExecutor(parallelism, pipeline...)(ctx)
@@ -335,7 +323,9 @@ func (runner *runnerImpl) NewPlanExecutor(plan *model.Plan) common.Executor {
 	}
 
 	executor := common.NewPipelineExecutor(stagePipeline...).Then(handleFailure(plan))
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error { return executor(ghcontext.WithPinnedCheckout(ctx)) }
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return executor(container.WithRunnerArch(ghcontext.WithPinnedCheckout(ctx)))
+	}
 }
 
 func handleFailure(plan *model.Plan) common.Executor {

act/runner/selinux_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+var selinuxEnabled = sync.OnceValue(func() bool {
+	if !isSELinuxfs("/sys/fs/selinux") && !hasOtherSELinuxfs() {
+		return false
+	}
+	label, _ := os.ReadFile("/proc/self/attr/current")
+	return strings.TrimSuffix(string(label), "\x00") != "kernel"
+})
+
+func hasOtherSELinuxfs() bool {
+	mounts, _ := os.ReadFile("/proc/self/mountinfo")
+	for line := range strings.Lines(string(mounts)) {
+		if strings.Contains(line, " - selinuxfs ") {
+			if fields := strings.Fields(line); len(fields) > 4 && isSELinuxfs(fields[4]) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func isSELinuxfs(mountPoint string) bool {
+	var fs unix.Statfs_t
+	return unix.Statfs(mountPoint, &fs) == nil && uint32(fs.Type) == uint32(unix.SELINUX_MAGIC) && fs.Flags&unix.ST_RDONLY == 0
+}